ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis extract （ASH） in treating Parkinson's disease （PD） in mice by Data-Independent Acquisition （DIA） proteomics. MethodsThe α-Synuclein （α-Syn） transgenic PD mice were selected as suitable models for PD， and they were randomly assigned into PD， ASH （61.25 mg·kg^-1）， and Madopar （97.5 mg·kg^-1） groups. Male C57BL/6 mice of the same age were selected as the control group， with eight mice in each group. Mice were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for 20 days. The pole climbing time and the number of autonomic activities were recorded to evaluate the exercise ability of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe neuronal changes in the substantia nigra of PD mice. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to measure the tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） activity in the substantia nigra and assess the areal density of α-Syn in the striatum. DIA proteomics was used to compare protein expression in the substantia nigra between groups. IHC was utilized to validate key differentially expressed proteins， including Lactotransferrin， Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to investigate the effect of ASH on the viability of PD cells with overexpression of α-Syn. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels of Lactotransferrin， Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 in PD cells. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed prolonged pole climbing time， diminished coordination ability， reduced autonomic activities （P<0.01）， and reduced swelling neurons. Compared with the model group， ASH and Madopar reduced the climbing time， increased autonomic activities （P<0.01）， and ameliorated neuronal damage. Compared with the control group， the model group showed a decrease in TH activity in the substantia nigra and an increase in α-Syn accumulation in the striatum （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the ASH group showed an increase in TH activity and a reduction in α-Syn accumulation （P<0.05）. DIA proteomics revealed a total of 464 differentially expressed proteins in the model group compared with the control group， with 323 proteins being up-regulated and 141 down-regulated. A total of 262 differentially expressed proteins were screened in the ASH group compared with the model group， including 85 proteins being up-regulated and 177 down-regulated. Kyoto encylopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis indicated that ASH primarily regulated the Notch signaling pathway. The model group showed up-regulation in protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 and down-regulation in the protein level of Lactotransferrin compared with the control group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， ASH down-regulated the protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.05） while up-regulating the protein level of Lactotransferrin （P<0.01）. The IHC results corroborated the proteomics findings. The cell experiment results showed that compared with the control group， the modeling up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.01）， while down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of Lactotransferrin （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， ASH reduced the mRNA and protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.01）， while increasing the mRNA and protein levels of Lactotransferrin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionASH may Synergistically inhibit the Notch signaling pathway and mitigate neuronal damage by down-regulating the expression of Notch2 and Ndrg2. Additionally， by up-regulating the expression of Lactotransferrin and down-regulating the expression of TMEM166， ASH can address brain iron accumulation， intervene in ferroptosis， inhibit mitophagy， and mitigate reactive oxygen species damage， thereby protecting nerve cells and contributing to the treatment of PD.

AIM: To investigate the impact of corneal fluorescein sodium(NaF)staining on the examination results of iTrace visual function analyzer(iTrace).METHODS: Prospective cohort study. Totally 100 patients(100 eyes)with ametropia who visited the outpatient department of Anhui Eye Hospital from April to November 2024 were recruited. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 50 patients(50 eyes, and only the right eyes were selected for inclusion)in each group. In the experimental group, corneal staining was performed using fluorescein sodium staining test strips, while in the control group, 1 drop of 0.9% normal saline was instilled into the eyes. The iTrace examination was conducted before the intervention and at 5, 10, and 20 min after the intervention. The total corneal higher-order aberrations, spherical aberration, coma aberration, trefoil aberration, best sphere value(RO value), asphericity factor(Q value), and corneal vertical refractive power difference(IS value)at each time of examination were recorded and compared.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline levels between the two groups(all P>0.05). Intra-group comparison revealed that the total higher-order aberrations, spherical aberration, coma aberration, and trefoil aberration measured 5 min after NaF staining in the experimental group were significantly increased compared with those before staining(all P<0.05). Inter-group comparison showed that the changes(differences from the baseline)in the total corneal higher-order aberrations, spherical aberration, coma aberration, and trefoil aberration measured by iTrace 5 min after the intervention in the experimental group were significantly greater than those in the control group(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the changes(differences from the baseline)of various iTrace parameters measured at 10 and 20 min after the intervention between the two groups(all P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the RO value, Q value, and IS value in the two groups(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Corneal NaF staining can cause a short-term increase in the wavefront aberration values(total corneal higher-order aberrations, spherical aberration, coma aberration, trefoil aberration)measured by iTrace, and it gradually disappears with the passage of time. However, it has no impact on the measurement of corneal topography parameters(RO value, Q value, IS value).

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of exogenous chitosan on the growth and metabolism of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (G. uralensis) and to improve the quality of cultivated G. uralensis for both medicine and food and aid in the increase in the content of effective components in G. uralensis.MethodsIn this study, whole G. uralensis plants were treated with exogenous chitosan, and comprehensive analyses of secondary metabolites and proteins were conducted using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation, respectively. Effects of chitosan induction on endogenous hormones of G. uralensis were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene ontology function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation were conducted to study the effect of chitosan induction on the proteome.ResultsChitosan induction significantly increased the levels of flavonoids in G. uralensis; however, the variation in triterpenoids was not substantial. Biological processes, including photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and abiotic stress responses, were significantly enriched. Additionally, the photosynthetic pathway, photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction pathway were significantly enriched. In the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, the upstream-related enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and the downstream-related enzymes chalcone synthase (CHS), polyketide reductase (PKR), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and vestitone reductase (VR) were significantly upregulated.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that chitosan induction may promote the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the TCA cycle enhancement significantly upregulated PAL, CHS, PKR, CHI, and VR, the five key enzymes involved in flavonoid synthesis of G. uralensis, indicating that chitosan induction activated the entire metabolic pathway associated with flavonoids in G. uralensis. Our findings provide a reference for improving the quality of cultivated G. uralensis from the perspective of pharmacodynamic components.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone

Committee of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery (CMICS) annually investigates the minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery performed by departments of cardiovascular surgery of all hospitals in China of last year, and makes classification and summary according to the operation amount of minimally invasive surgery, regional and hospital distribution, and publishes it on the theme report of China Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery Conference (CMC). In 2021, CMICS published the 2018-2019 annual data of Chinese cardiovascular surgery in the form of a white paper for the first time in the Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, which attracted great attention from peers. In this statistical report, CMICS will focus on the volume of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery, regional and hospital distribution in China (excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan Province) in the 2020—2021 for your reference.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment experience of pregnant women with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.Methods:From January 2005 to December 2018, a total of 12 patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection were treated in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University. Two patients died of sudden aortic dissection rupture during emergency CTA examination. The other 10 patients underwent surgical treatment, the age was 22-40 years[mean(30.7±5.8) years], the pregnancy was 15-39 weeks[mean(28.8±6.5) weeks], two cases in the second trimester of pregnancy, seven cases in the third trimester of pregnancy and one case in puerperium. Among them, seven cases were Marfan syndrome, one case was bicuspid aortic valve malformation, two cases were complicated with pregnancy hypertension.Results:One case died during perioperative period and died of rupture of abdominal aortic dissection in twelfth day after operation. One fetus was diagnosed as stillborn before operation. Before December 2013, six patients underwent surgeries, the mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(96.8±16.5)min, aortic occlusion time was(70.8±19.3)min, intensive care unit time was(3.4±2.3) days, ventilator-assisted mechanical ventilation time was(21.6±15.6)h. After January 2014, four patients underwent surgeries, the mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(202.3±6.4)min, the aortic cross-blocking time was(137.5±10.3)min, circulatory arrest time was(27.3±8.8)min, intensive care unit time was(12.0±5.7) days, and the ventilator-assisted mechanical ventilation time was(40.3±24.4)h. The postoperative complications included tracheotomy in two cases, hemodialysis in one case, poor wound healing in one case. One patient who had been treated with Bentall was followed up to sixth year and died of progressive rupture of descending arch dissection. One patient was followed up to seventh year after Bentall surgery, redo Bentall and Sun’s procedure were performed because of artificial valve infection, and was discharged uneventful. No adverse cardiovascular events occurred in other patients.Conclusion:Surgical treatment should be actively considered in pregnancy complicated with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. Multi-disciplinary team cooperation can effectively improve the safety and effect of operation.

The advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has brought up a new treatment option for patients with severe aortic valve disease. However, with the continuous expansion of surgical indications, problems such as structural valve deterioration caused by biological prosthesis have become increasingly prominent. In the newly announced 5-year follow-up results of COMMENCE (SAVR) trial, the aortic bioprosthesis using the new RESILIA biotissue material demonstrated extraordinary clinical safety, efficacy and durability with zero structural valve deterioration and excellent hemodynamic evaluation results. As a result, patients with valvular heart disease have more diverse therapeutic options. However, the choice between surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and TAVR, biological prosthesis and mechanical prosthesis, etc, has become more and more prominent, which brings more difficulties to clinicians. This paper reviews the research background, 5-year follow-up results of COMMENCE trial and the implications for aortic valve surgery in China.

Acute cholangitis (AC) is a morbid condition with acute inflammation and infection in the bile duct, which meets the diagnostic criteria of sepsis 3.0. AC mortality rate is high without treatment in time, and it is a main disease in emergency department. The occurrence and development of sepsis depend on the regulation of nerve and immunity system, and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway plays an important role in connecting nerve and immune function. The biliary tract is innervated by vagus nerves, which can be excited when the pressure increases in the biliary tract. The research on the role of vagus nerves and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP) in sepsis caused by acute cholangitis is more advantageous than other infectious diseases.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of transcatheter closure of atrial septum defect(ASD) in adults using echocardiography as the only imaging tool.Methods:From April 2017 to August 2019, 118 patients with congenital atrial septum defect were treated by cardiac surgery in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University. There were 31 males and 87 females, aged 15-72 years old[mean(40.3±15.3) years old]. 117 cases of atrial septum defect were secondary foramen and 1 case was residual shunt after repair of atrial septum defect by transthoracic echocardiography. The patients with tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension were followed up by transesophageal echocardiography.Results:The transcatheter closure of atrial septum defect(ASD) was successfully performed in 114 patients. 3 patients were successfully treated with right fourth intercostal small incision atrial defect occlusion due to the coaxial problem of occlusive device and atrial defect. One patient underwent repair of atrial septum defect during the correction of right ventricular injury. The selected size of occluder ranged from 12 mm to 38 mm. One case of ethmoidal orifice was successfully blocked with double occlusive device. There was no occlusive device displacement, no obvious residual shunt, peripheral vascular injury and other complications occurred in successful occlusive patients. 110 patients were directly transferred back to the general ward after extubation. The postoperative hospital stay was(2.3±1.1) days and the total hospitalization time was(4.5±1.7) days. There were 7 patients with tricuspid regurgitation above mild to moderate before operation, and 6 patients with tricuspid regurgitation decreased to mild regurgitation after occlusion. One month after operation, the pulmonary artery pressure of 51 patients with moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension decreased from(50.4±11.4)mmHg to(38.9±12.9) mmHg( P<0.05). The occlusive device was well fixed and no residual shunt was found. Conclusion:Transesophageal echocardiography guided transcatheter closure of atrial septum defect is not only safe and effective in adult cardiac surgery, but also can avoid radiation and contrast agent injury.

Objective: To examine the short-term outcomes of minimally invasive reoperation for severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2018, a total of 89 patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery received reoperation in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were included in this study. There were 21 males and 68 females, aging of (56.4±7.9) years (range: 41 to 74 years). The interval between previous left-sided valve surgery and tricuspid reoperation was (14.1±6.1) years (range: 4 to 33 years). A combination of multiple minimally invasive techniques were adopted, including endoscopy-assist right minithoracotomy approach, peripheral cannulation strategy with the vacuum-assist single venous drainage technique, heart beating technique, and temporary percutaneous pacemaker implantation, with a concomitant enhancement in preoperative right cardiac function optimization. Results: All patients received minimally invasive isolated tricuspid valve replacement (n=81) or tricuspid valve repair (n=8). After the application of multiple minimally invasive techniques, the operative mortality rate was only 3.4% (3/89). The causes of death were progressive right heart failure with multiorgan failure (n=1) and low cardiac output associated with postoperative bleeding (n=2). Regarding to the perioperative complications, renal replacement therapy rate was 5.6% (5/89), permanent pacemaker implantation rate was 1.1% (1/89), and the incidence of stroke was 0. Mechanical ventilation time was 24(24) hours, ICU stay time was 2.5 (3.0) days (M(Q_R)). During the short-term follow-up, there were no case of severe tricuspid regurgitation, 2 cases of moderate regurgitation, 4 cases of mild-to-moderate regurgitation. Conclusions For severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery, the advanced minimally invasive techniques can significantly reduce the operative mortality and morbidity. Minimally invasive bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement is a reliable alternative for severe tricuspid regurgitation after left-sided valve surgery.