Background Bacteria are the most diverse and widely sourced microorganisms in the indoor air of subway stations, where pathogenic bacteria can spread through the air, leading to increased health risks. Objective To understand the status and distribution characteristics of indoor air bacterial pollution in subway stations and compartments in a city of Central South China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures to address indoor air bacteria pollution in subways. Methods Three subway stations and the compartments of trains parking there in a city in Central South China were selected according to passenger flow for synchronous air sampling and monitoring. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, carbon dioxide (CO₂), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), and inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) were measured by direct reading method. In accordance with the requirements of Examination methods for public places-Part 3: Airborne microorganisms (GB/T 18204.3-2013), air samples were collected at a flow rate of 28.3 L·min⁻¹, and total bacterial count was estimated. Bacterial microbial species were identified with a mass spectrometer and pathogenic bacteria were distinguished from non-pathogenic bacteria according to the Catalogue of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted to human beings issued by National Health Commission. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the subway hygiene indicators in different regions and time periods, and Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between CO₂ concentration and total bacterial count. Results The pass rates were 100.0% for airborne total bacteria count, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ in the subway stations and train compartments, 94.4% for temperature and wind speed, 98.6% for CO₂, but 0% for humidity. The overall median (P₂₅, P₇₅) total bacteria count was 177 (138,262) CFU·m⁻³. Specifically, the total bacteria count was higher in station halls than in platforms, and higher during morning peak hours than during evening peak hours (P<0.05). A total of 874 strains and 82 species were identified by automatic microbial mass spectrometry. The results of identification were all over 9 points, and the predominant bacteria in the air were Micrococcus luteus (52.2%) and Staphylococcus hominis (9.8%). Three pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii (0.3%), Corynebacterium striatum (0.1%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacilli (2.2%) were detected in 23 samples (2.6%), and the associated locations were mainly distributed in train compartments during evening rush hours. Conclusion The total bacteria count in indoor air varies by monitoring sites of subway stations and time periods, and there is a risk of opportunistic bacterial infection. Attention should be paid to cleaning and disinfection during peak passenger flow hours in all areas.

Objective:To investigate the effect of absorbable material internal fixation in the treatment of phalanx fracture and its effect on the complications related to hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and foreign body reaction.Methods:The clinical data of 98 patients with phalangeal fracture in Huishan District People′s Hospital of Wuxi City from January 2018 to January 2020 were divided into absorbable group (49 cases, treated with absorbable material internal fixation) and microplate group (49 cases, treated with minimally invasive plate internal fixation). The rates of excellent and good treatment, operation conditions, serum inflammatory stress response indexes levels before and 1 d and 1 week after surgery were compared, and recovery at 3 and 6 months after surgery, the incidence of complications and the degree of treatment satisfaction were counted.Results:The rates of excellent and good treatmentin the absorbable group were higher than that in the micro plate group: 95.92%(47/49) vs. 81.63%(40/49), χ2 = 5.02, P<0.05. The duration of operation in the absorbable group was longer than that in the microplate group: (43.28 ± 12.18) min vs. (31.29 ± 11.69) min; and the duration of hospital stay, fracture healing time and recovery time were shorter than those in the microplate group: (4.09 ± 1.18) d vs. (6.89 ± 2.12) d, (4.35 ± 1.05) weeks vs. (5.69 ± 1.38) weeks, (4.89 ± 1.10) d vs. (6.20 ± 2.01) d; the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of serum hs-CRP, IL-10 and ACTH in absorbable group were lower than those in microplate group at 1 d and 1 week after surgery ( P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months after surgery, the range of motion of metacarpophalangeal joint in the absorbable group was greater than that in the microplate group, and the loss of grip strength of the healthy side was less than that in the microplate group ( P<0.05). The incidence of complications in absorbable group was lower than that in microplate group: 6.12%(3/49) vs. 20.41%(10/49), χ2 = 4.35, P<0.05. Conclusions:The absorbable material internal fixation can achieve good results in the treatment of phalanx fracture, the postoperative recovery is fast, the incidence of complications is lower.

Objective:To investigate the cardiac presentations and the possible influencing factors of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted. Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 admitted to the Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou from January 21st to February 24th 2020 were enrolled. According to the clinical classification, the patients were divided into severe group and critical group. The myocardial injury markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), myoglobin (MYO), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 55 COVID-19 patients were selected, including 15 critical cases and 40 severe cases. The patients with severe and critical COVID-19 were male-dominated (61.8%), the average age was (61.2±13.0) years old, 83.6% (46 cases) of them had contact history of Hubei, 38.2% (21 cases) of them were complicated with hypertension. There was no significant difference in baseline data between the critical group and the severe group. Myocardial injury markers of critical and severe COVID-19 patients were increased in different proportion, LDH increased in most patients (20 severe cases and 7 critical cases), followed by AST (16 severe cases and 5 critical cases). There was significant difference in the number of patients with elevated CK between severe group and critical group (cases: 1 vs. 4, P = 0.027). Abnormal ECG was found in 39 of 42 patients with ECG examination. Nonspecific change of T wave was the most common. Before and after treatment, 9 of 15 patients with changes of ECG and myocardial injury markers had oxygenation index less than 100 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), and the prominent changes of ECG were heart rate increasing and ST-T change. Conclusions:The increase of myocardial injury markers and abnormal ECG were not specific to the myocardial injury of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. At the same time, the dynamic changes of myocardial injury markers and ECG could reflect the situation of myocardial damage.

Objective:To retrospective analyze the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:A total of 278 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital from January 20 to February 10, 2020 were selected. The general demographic data, epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, lung CT imaging, treatment and prognosis were analyzed.Results:There were 130 male patients (46.8%) and 148 females (53.2%) with age (48.1±17.0) years and 88.8% patients between 20-69 years. Two hundred and thirty-six (84.9%) patients had comorbidities. Two hundred and eleven cases (75.9%) were common type. The in-hospital mortality was 0.4% (1/278). The majority (201, 72.3%) were imported cases mainly from Wuhan (89, 44.3%). The most common clinical manifestations were fever (70.9%) and dry cough (61.5%). In some patients, hemoglobin (10.4%), platelets (12.6%) and albumin (55.4%) were lower than the normal range. Other biochemical tests according to liver and function were normal, while lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated in 61 patients (21.9%), creatine kinase increased in 26 patients (9.4%). Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was seen in 52 patients (18.7%), D-dimer higher than normal in 140 patients (50.4%), while 117 patients (42.1%) had elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Typical CT manifestations included single or multiple ground glass shadows especially in lung periphery in early disease which infiltrated and enlarged during progressive stage. Diffuse consolidation with multiple patchy density in severe/critical cases and even "white lung" presented in a few patients. Two hundred and forty-two patients (87.1%) received one or more antiviral agents, 242 (87.1%) combined with antibacterials, 191 (68.7%) with oxygen therapy. There were 198 patients (71.2%) treated with traditional Chinese medicine.Conclusions:COVID-19 could attack patients in all ages with majority of common type and low mortality rate. Clinical manifestations involve multiple organs or systems. Progression of the disease results in critical status which should be paid much attention.

Objective To discuss the application value of computer graphic imaging techniques combined with CT urography in surgical scheme selection for upper urinary calculi.Methods 97 cases with complex upper urinary calculi underwent CT urography examination.The images were transferred by network to a separate workstation to perform volume rendering (VR),maximum intensity projection (MIP),multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and curved planar reconstruction (CPR).All the post processing images were analyzed for selecting the appropriate surgical scheme.Results The 97 cases were treated properly according to their CT urography examination images,and all patients recovered without complications.Conclusion Urinary calculi and slight changes in the anatomical structure of upper urinary tract can be clearly demonstrated by computer graphics imaging techniques combined with CT urography,which may provide more information for disease diagnosis and selection of surgical scheme.

BACKGROUND:More than 10 kinds of lipid metabolism-related genes have been found, and endocrine dysfunction mediated by these genes is an important pathological basis for the occurrence and development of insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of metformin on serum lipid profiles and the expression levels of various genes associated with insulin resistance, as well as the histopathological changes of the liver and pancreas in rats with type 2 diabetes melitus. METHODS:A type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet to the rats for 4 weeks, combined with the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). In the meanwhile, metformin was administered orally (400 mg/kg?d) (model group) or nothing (control group). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, histopathological and biochemical examinations were then performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Metformin improved the symptoms of insulin resistance by normalizing the serum lipid profiles in the diabetic rats. Furthermore, metformin upregulated the expression levels of insulin receptors and genes associated with lipid metabolism, including acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α. In addition, metformin downregulated the expression levels of fetuin-A and retinol binding protein-4, and improved the expression of perilipin that had been reduced in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Metformin was shown to induce positive signaling for insulin and the regeneration of pancreaticβcells in the pancreas. These results suggest that metformin ameliorates the insulin resistance induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus via regulating the expression levels of fetuin-A, retinol binding protein-4, perilipin and various genes associated with lipid metabolism.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Silybin-nanosuspension in the treatment of liver cancer.Methods 56 patients with liver tumor were collected from February 2014 to May 2015 in our hospital,and all patients were randomly divided into treatment group(n=24)and control group(n=32).The treatment group was treated with oral Silybin-nanosuspension 360mg(Silybin)and control group was treated with Silybin capsule 360mg(Silybin),once a day.The treatment was over once the following conditions appear,the disease progression,or intolerable toxicity,or the lesion site can be treat with surgery,or patient death.Evaluating the efficacy through comparing the data of objective response rate,disease control rate, progression-free survival and overall survival,and record the adverse reactions through measuring the values of indicators of blood toxicity ( leukocytes, neutrophils,platelets and hemoglobin ) and the liver function parameters ( Valley alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) .Results The objective response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival and overall survival of treatment group were significantly better than control group(P<0.05),and the parameters of blood toxicity and liver function were no significant differences.Conclusion The Silybin-nanosuspension is safe and effective for the treatment of liver malignancies.

Objective To investigate the drinking pattern and the condition of alcoholic fatty liver disease in a certain coal mine workers in Shanxi Province.Methods A total of 1501 workers in a coal mine in Shanxi Province were surveyed by field investigation method.Contents include questionnaire, physical measurement, abdominal ultrasound liver and fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, liver function, cholesterol, blood biochemical indicator detection.ALD diagnostic criteria for fatty liver and alcoholic liver disease group were .recommended by the Chinese Medical Association in 2010.The t test,X2 test and multiariable logistic regression analysis were conducted by SPSS17.0 software.Results This study involved ALD patients with 265 people, accounting for 17.65％ of the total survey.The drinking pattern, such as drinking patterns in the initial drinking age,long duration of drinking, drinking frequency, drunkenness, fasting drinking, average daily alcohol intake as the risk factors of alcoholic liver disease.The Logistic regression analysis of alcoholic liver disease related factors showed that, drinking age, drinking way and daily average alcohol intake were closely related to the occurrence of ALD(OR=0.942,P=0.769;OR=2.811,P=0.000;OR=1.756,P=0.000;OR=542.844,P=0.001) .Conclusion In the coal mine workers, drinking pattern in the initial drinking age, drinking age, daily average alcohol intake are closely related to ALD illness.

Objective To investigate the effect of Bcl-2 gene expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells.Methods Bcl-2 short guide RNA (Bcl-2-sgRNA) was designed and synthesized,and it was combined with CRISPR-Cas 9.After confirmation by gene sequencing,it was transfected into human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990,then the cells with stable Bcl-2 gene knock-out were selected,and wild type SW1990 cells were used as control.The cell growth curve was determined by CCK-8 method.The number of clone formation was measured.Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle and apoptosis.Results Human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 with Bcl-2 gene knock-out was successful constructed.Compared with wild type SW1990 cells,the growth of SW1990 cells with Bcl-2 gene knock-out was inhibited,the number of clone formation was significantly decreased [(160.7 ± 10.0) vs (285.3 ± 14.2)],the proportion of G1 cells was significandy increased [(84.51 ± 0.97) ％ vs (57.49 ± 1.08) ％],the proportion of S phase cells significantly decreased [(12.82 ± 0.99) ％ vs (27.56 ± 1.65) ％],and apoptosis rate was remarkably increased [(12.67 ± 0.59) ％ vs (0.37 ± 0.35) ％],and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Knock-out of Bcl-2 gene can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990,decrease the ability of clone formation,block the cell in G1 phase and greatly increase cell apoptosis rate.

Objective Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is widely used in gene expression analysis.Selection of proper housekeeping gene is very important.Rat model of myocardial infarction is a major animal model of myocardial infarction.Few reports are found about the selection of rat housekeeping gene after myocardial infarction.This study was aimed to explore the stability of the housekeeping genes expression in the rat model of myocardial infarction.Methods Myocardial infarction models were made using the anterior descending coronary artery ligation method.Combining with practical work,analysis and selection were made of four widely used standard housekeeping genes:glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),ribosomal protein L13A (RPL13A),beta-actin (ACTB) and acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 (ARBP).The expressions in the rat heart were compared using real-time fluorescent RT-PCR and analysis was carried out to figure out which was the most suitable housekeeping gene for study of gene expression in rats after myocardial infarction using GeNorm program.Results The M values of RPL13A,GAPDH,ARBP and ACTB gene were 0.812,0.721,0.812 and 1.2 respectively.Conclusion GAPDH and ARBP are the most stable genes for the rat myocardial infarction model.