Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the left spermatic vein transposition to the great saphenous vein in treating left varicocele (VC) secondary to nutcracker syndrome (NCS). Methods: Clinical data of 8 patients treated during Feb.2020 and Feb.2023 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.A meticulous preoperative evaluation of the vascular status of the spermatic vein and the great saphenous vein was performed using color Doppler ultrasound.A spermatic vein-great saphenous vein shunt surgery was performed in patients who were strictly selected.The clinical symptoms and hemodynamics of renal vein were compared before and after operation. Results: The median age of patients was 23.5(18-33) years.There was a notable reduction in post-exercise scrotal and lower back pain in all patients，and the score of scrotal pain decreased to 0 in 7 patients. The median quantification of urinary protein was 352.8(54.4-687.3) mg prior to surgical intervention，which significantly diminished to 125.5(25.9-255.1) mg 6 months after operation.Notably，3 cases of preoperative positive urine occult blood tests were undetectable in the subsequent postoperative assessments.The median peak blood flow velocity at the site of stenosis in the left renal vein measured at 74.4(48.7-117.6) cm/s preoperatively，subsequently reduced to 45.1(25.5-61.2) cm/s postoperatively.During the 6-month follow-up，no recurrence of varicocele，vascular anastomotic stenosis or thrombosis were observed. Conclusion: Our research indicates that spermatic vein to great saphenous vein bypass is safe and feasible in the treatment of left varicocele secondary to nutcracker syndrome for strictly selected patients，which can effectively alleviate renal vein congestion without significant complications.

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary school students in a community of Fengxian District, Shanghai, and to provide references for formulating prevention and control strategies against overweight and obesity. MethodsData on height and weight of all primary school students in a community in Fengxian District, Shanghai, in 2023 were obtained by physical examination, and 1 759 primary school students were included according to the entry criteria. Overweight and obesity were determined using body mass index (BMI). Additionally, a questionnaire survey was performed to 1 045 students to collect their demographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, dietary habits, sleep and physical activity information. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity. ResultsIn 2023, among the 1 759 primary school students in the community in Fengxian District, 923 (52.47%) were male and 836 (47.53%) were female, with an overweight/obesity detection rate of 28.08%. The detection rate of overweight and obesity was 33.37% in males and 22.25% in females, which was significantly higher in males than that in females (χ²=26.845, P<0.001). Students aged 10‒12 years had a higher overweight/obesity detection rate (32.55%) than those aged 6‒<10 years (26.53%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=10.925, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that being female, with young age, parental education level of bachelor’s degree and above, a high global dietary recommendation healthy (GDR-healthy) score, preference for vegetables and sweeter home-cooked meals, and a slow eating speed were negatively correlated with overweight/obesity. Whereas, parental overweight and obesity, binge eating, and a faster eating pace than same-age, same-gender peers may be positively correlated with overweight/obesity. ConclusionThe detection rate of overweight and obesity among primary school students in the community in Fengxian District of Shanghai is higher than the national level. Gender, age, parental BMI, parental education level, dietary behaviors and habits are the main influencing factors of overweight/obesity among primary school students.

BACKGROUND: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a rare and recurrent autoinflammatory disease, imposes a substantial burden on patients and society. Awareness of GPP in China remains limited. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey, conducted between September 2021 and May 2023 across 14 hospitals in China, included GPP patients of all ages and disease phases. Data collected encompassed demographics, clinical characteristics, economic impact, disease severity, quality of life, and treatment-related complications. Risk factors for GPP recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 127 patients (female/male ratio = 1.35:1), the mean age of disease onset was 25 years (1st quartile [Q1]-3rd quartile [Q3]: 11-44 years); 29.2% had experienced GPP for more than 10 years. Recurrence occurred in 75.6% of patients, and nearly half reported no identifiable triggers. Younger age at disease onset ( P  = 0.021) and transitioning to plaque psoriasis ( P  = 0.022) were associated with higher recurrence rates. The median diagnostic delay was 8 months (Q1-Q3: 2-41 months), and 32.3% of patients reported misdiagnoses. Comorbidities were present in 53.5% of patients, whereas 51.1% experienced systemic complications during treatment. Depression and anxiety affected 84.5% and 95.6% of patients, respectively. During GPP flares, the median Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 19.0 (Q1-Q3: 13.0-23.5). This score showed significant differences between patients with and without systemic symptoms; it demonstrated correlations with both depression and anxiety scores. Treatment costs caused financial hardship in 55.9% of patients, underscoring the burden associated with GPP. CONCLUSIONS The substantial disease and economic burdens among Chinese GPP patients warrant increased attention. Patients with early onset disease and those transitioning to plaque psoriasis require targeted interventions to mitigate the high recurrence risk.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Psoriasis/pathology* ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adolescent ; Child ; Young Adult ; Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; East Asian People

Objective Photoelectric volumetric tracing(PPG)exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in flap monitoring.Deep learning(DL)is capable of automatically and robustly extracting features from raw data.In this study,we propose combining PPG with 1D convolutional neural networks(1D-CNN)to preliminarily explore the method's ability to distinguish the degree of embolism and to localize the embolic site in skin flap arteries.Methods Data were collected under normal conditions and various embolic scenarios by creating vascular emboli in a dermatome artery model and a rabbit dermatome model.These datasets were then trained,validated,and tested using 1D-CNN.Results As the degree of arterial embolization increased,the PPG amplitude upstream of the embolization site progressively increased,while the downstream amplitude progressively decreased,and the gap between the upstream and downstream amplitudes at the embolization site progressively widened.1D-CNN was evaluated in the skin flap arterial model and rabbit skin flap model,achieving average accuracies of 98.36%and 95.90%,respectively.Conclusion The combined monitoring approach of DL and PPG can effectively identify the degree of embolism and locate the embolic site within the skin flap artery.

Objective To investigate the expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1(AIF-1)in the testicular model of diabetes mellitus(DM)rats as well as its significance.Methods The rat model of DM testis(DMT)was established,which were randomly divided into the DM testis 4-week group(DMT4W),DM testis s 8-week group(DMT8W)and the DM testis 12-week group(DMT12W).The normal control group(NC group)was randomly divided into three subgroups:NC 4-week(NC4W),NC 8-week(NC8W)and NC 12-week(NC12W).The morphologic changes of testis in the different groups was detected by histopathology.The expression of AIF-1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of AIF-1 and NF-κB p65 protein was observed by immunofluorescence.Results The histopathological results suggested that the numbers of spermatogenic cells,sertoli cells,interstitial cells and sperms in the DMT group were significantly decreased,as compared with the NC group.The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of AIF-1 protein was significantly increased in the DMT group,as compared with the NC group(P<0.05).The intensity of AIF-1 and NF-κB p65 in the DMT group was significantly increased by immunofluorescence,as compared with the NC group.Conclusion The over expression of AIF-1 protein in DMT tissue suggests that it may play an important role in the pathological process of DMT and may become a new therapeutic target and diagnostic marker in the future.

Objective: To investigate the prospective effects of intake of each food group on the development of lung function of pupils,so as to provide theoretical basis for promoting the healthy development of lung function and preventing chronic respiratory diseases in Chinese children. Methods: A cluster stratified sampling method was used to select a total of 893 pupils in grades 2-5 from Chengdu in November 2021. Dietary data of respondents were collected using a food frequency questionnaire within the past year,then the food group intake was categorized into T1, T2 and T3 from low to high by the trichotomous method, and anthropometric measurements including lung capacity were obtained in 2022. Logistic regression models and test for trend were used to analyze the prospective effects of intake of each food group on lung function development of pupils. Results: Among male students, consumption of vegetables [118.6(50.5, 188.2)g/d] and milk and dairy products [200.0(73.3, 250.0)g/d] were higher in the excellent lung capacity group than in the non excellent lung capacity group [90.0(37.1, 192.9), and 178.6(35.7, 250.0)g/d],with statistically significant differences ( Z =-1.98, -2.24); among girls, the group with excellent lung capacity consumed less staple food [391.1(273.6, 511.4)g/d] than the group with non excellent lung capacity [407.4(309.5, 594.3)g/d], and the group with excellent lung capacity consumed more aquatic products [31.2(14.6, 69.8)g/d] and milk and dairy products [215.0(107.1, 250.1) g/d ] than that of the non excellent lung capacity [19.4(10.7, 58.3), 114.3(35.7, 250.0)g/d] ( Z =-2.01, -3.33, -5.10)( P < 0.05 ). After adjusting for energy, body mass index Z score(BMI Z ), mother s education level, averge family income monthly, whether presence of smokers in the living environment, and whether participation in physical activities during the past week, among male students, T3 group of vegetable intake ( OR =0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.86), T2 group of bean and soy product intake ( OR = 0.52 , 95% CI =0.27-0.96)，T2 and T3 groups of milk and dairy products intake (T2： OR =0.54, 95% CI =0.31-0.93; T3： OR = 0.52 , 95% CI =0.30-0.90) were negatively associated with non excellent lung capacity ( P <0.05). Among girls, T3 group of aquatic product intake( OR =0.52, 95% CI =0.28-0.97), T2 and T3 groups of milk and dairy product (T2: OR =0.44, 95% CI =0.25- 0.76 ;T3: OR =0.33, 95% CI =0.19-0.59) were negatively associated with nonexcellent lung capacity, whereas the T2 group of red meat intake ( OR =2.51, 95% CI =1.37-4.67) was positively associated with non excellent lung capacity. Non excellent lung capacity was found to be negatively associated with vegetable and milk and dairy product intake in boys by test for trend; in girls, milk and dairy products intake was negatively associated with non excellent lung capacity, whereas red meat intake was positively associated with non excellent lung capacity ( t =-1.13，-0.44；-3.03，1.95, P trend <0.05). Conclusions Milk and dariy products intakes reduce the risk of non excellent lung capacity in pupils, vegetables intakes reduce the risk of non excellent lung capacity in boys, and the intake of red meat increases the risk of non excellent lung capacity in girls. Promoting rational food choices is necessary for children to improve healthy lung development.

Objective: To explore the differences in the gut microbiota of primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake, so as to provide scientific evidence for better identification of health risks in children and the development of targeted health policies. Methods: In June 2022, a total of 192 healthy primary school students from Chengdu were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The sugar sweetened beverage intake was assessed through a dietary frequency questionnaire. Based on the median daily sugar sweetened beverage intake, primary school students were categorized into a low intake group ( n =96) and a high intake group ( n =96). The gut microbiota in fresh fecal samples from the two groups of primary school students was analyzed using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, and the diversity and community structure differences in the gut microbiota were compared. Results: Children in the low intake group had a sugar sweetened beverage intake of (21.3±1.6) mL/d, while the high intake group had an intake of (269.6±37.3) mL/d. Diversity analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the low intake and the high intake group in terms of α diversity metrics: Observed_otus index [298.50 (259.75, 342.25), 305.50 (244.25, 367.75)], Goods_coverage index [1.00 (1.00, 1.00), 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)], Chao index [304.18 (260.75, 348.78), 305.88 (245.68, 370.88)], Shannon index [5.88 (5.29, 6.45), 5.71 (4.89, 6.28)] and Simpson index [0.95 (0.91, 0.97), 0.94 (0.88, 0.97)] ( Z =-0.64, -0.76, -0.54, -1.76, -1.67, P >0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in β diversity between the two groups ( R 2=0.006, P >0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Blautia [0.033 (0.018, 0.055)] and Fusicatenibacter [0.009 (0.005, 0.015)] were higher in the low intake group compared to the high intake group [0.024 (0.013, 0.041),0.006 (0.003, 0.011)]and differences were statistically significant ( Z =-2.52, -2.81, P <0.05). LEfSe analysis highlighted intergroup differences primarily in Blautia, Fusicatenibacter and Sarcina( LDA= 3.56,3.12,3.53, P <0.05). Conclusions There is no significant difference in the diversity and overall structure of the gut microbiota in primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake. However, there are species variations at the genus level. The information can serve as a scientific basis for identifying health risks in primary school students and formulating targeted health strategies.

Objective To investigate the effect of green laser anatomical vaporization on patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),as well as its impact on inflammatory factors,quality of life,and urethral stricture.Methods A total of 120 patients with BPH and T2DM who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from March 2021 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the surgical approach,with 60 cases in each group.Patients in the control group underwent green laser selective photovaporization,while patients in the observation group were treated with green laser anatomical vaporization.The intraoperative and postoperative recovery indicators such as operation time,intraoperative blood loss,prostate resection quality,catheter indwelling time,bladder irrigation time,and hospitalization time of patients between the two groups were compared.The serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and lipid peroxide(LPO)were detected by using immunofluorescence assay before surgery,3 days after surgery,and 7 days after surgery.The international prostate symptom score(IPSS)was used to assess prostate symptoms,the urinary symptom distress score(USDS)was used to assess urinary symptoms,the dynamic urodynamic monitor was used to measure urodynamics[maximum flow rate(Qmax),residual urine volume(RUV)],the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum level of total prostate specific antigen(tPSA),the international index of erectile function-5(IIEF-5)was used to assess erectile function,and the BPH quality of life(BPH-QOL)scale was used to assess quality of life before surgery,3 months after surgery,and 6 months after surgery.The incidence of complications such as urethral stricture,urinary tract irritation,bladder neck contracture,urinary retention,and secondary bleeding was compared between the two groups.Results The operation time of patients in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group,the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less than that in the control group,and the bladder irrigation time,catheter indwelling time,and hospitalization time were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the quality of prostatectomy between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Before surgery,there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6,MDA,and LPO between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).On postoperative days 3 and 7,the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6,MDA,and LPO in both groups were significantly higher than those before surgery,and the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6,MDA,and LPO in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Before surgery,there was no statistically significant difference in the IPSS and USDS scores between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).At 3 and 6 months after surgery,the IPSS and USDS scores of patients in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery,and the IPSS and USDS scores of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Before surgery,there was no statistically significant difference in RUV,Qmax,and serum tPSA levels between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).At 3 and 6 months after surgery,the RUV and serum tPSA levels of patients in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery,while the Qmax was signifi-cantly higher than that before surgery(P＜0.05).The RUV and serum tPSA levels of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,while the Qmax was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Before surgery,there was no statistically significant difference in the IIEF-5 and BPH-QOL scores of patients between the two groups(P＞0.05).At 3 and 6 months after surgery,the IIEF-5 scores of patients in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery,while the BPH-QOL scores were significantly higher than those before surgery(P＜0.05).The IIEF-5 and BPH-QOL scores of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The total incidence of complications in the control group and the observation group was 16.67％(10/60)and 5.00％(3/60),respectively,and the total incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(x2=4.227,P＜0.05).Conclusion Green laser anatomical vaporization in the treatment of BPH patients with T2DM can optimize the surgical process,reduce inflammatory stress and the risk of complications,promote early postoperative recovery,improve urodynamics and sexual function,relieve symptoms,and enhance quality of life.