Objective:Serum tumor markers(STMs)are important indicators associated with metastasis in patients with breast cancer(BC).This study focuses on predicting the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis(ALNM)in patients with invasive BC in Xinjiang by combining STMs and clinicopathological factors.Methods:Data from 3,360 patients diagnosed with invasive BC and treated at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed,focusing on 11 relevant demographic and clinical factors.Five ma-chine learning(ML)algorithms were used to develop predictive models for ALNM.Their performance was compared using metrics such as area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,Kappa value,and Brier score.The best-performing model was then compared with a nomogram based on Logistic regression(LR)to determine the final model.Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)values were used to rank the importance of factors contributing to ALNM.Results:Of the 3,266 patients studied,1,368(41.89%)developed ALNM.Among the five constructed ML models,eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)demonstrated the best predictive performance with an AUC of 0.768,an accuracy of 0.735,and a Kappa value of 0.450.In both the training and validation sets,the XGBoost model outperformed the LR-based nomogram(training set AUC and Brier score:0.822(0.810～0.820)vs.0.742(0.721～0.763),0.170(0.163～0.177)vs.0.197(0.189～0.204);validation set AUC and Brier score:0.769(0.740～0.770)vs.0.747(0.716～0.779),0.190(0.178～0.202)vs.0.195(0.189～0.204)).Therefore,XGBoost was selec-ted as the final predictive model.SHAP analysis identified T stage,age,molecular subtype,and CEA level as the four most influential factors for ALNM prediction.Conclusions:The XGBoost model effectively predicts the risk of ALNM in patients with invasive BC based on STMs and clinicopathological features,outperforming traditional nomograms.SHAP analysis highlighted T stage as the most critical factor influencing ALNM.

The advancement of surgical techniques enables effective treatment for many patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors.How-ever,post-surgery problems such as chewing,swallowing and speech difficulty may arise due to the defects in speech organs and inade-quate compensatory function of tissue flap repair.Speech disorders,in particular,isolate patients by making it difficult for them to com-municate with others,not only impact their quality of life but also potentially lead to psychological problems and social interaction disor-ders.Although the decline in life quality and other related issues caused by speech dysfunction due to surgery and radiotherapy or chemo-therapy have been widely recognized,there is currently no standardized and universally applicable assessment method and standardized re-habilitation treatment management guideline or consensus for speech disorders following oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery at home and abroad.Based on previous clinical practice,combined with the characteristics of speech disorders in patients after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery,the clinical experience of the experts in maxillofacial tumor surgery and rehabilitation and the relevant domestic and foreign literature,relevant experts organized discussions and modifications,reach a consensus on core content such as the assessment of speech disorders and the implementation plan for early rehabilitation treatment management,providing a reference for clinical practice,in order to improve patients'speech-related life quality and enhance the assessment and rehabilitation treatment techniques for speech disorders after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery.

Objective:Serum tumor markers(STMs)are important indicators associated with metastasis in patients with breast cancer(BC).This study focuses on predicting the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis(ALNM)in patients with invasive BC in Xinjiang by combining STMs and clinicopathological factors.Methods:Data from 3,360 patients diagnosed with invasive BC and treated at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed,focusing on 11 relevant demographic and clinical factors.Five ma-chine learning(ML)algorithms were used to develop predictive models for ALNM.Their performance was compared using metrics such as area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,Kappa value,and Brier score.The best-performing model was then compared with a nomogram based on Logistic regression(LR)to determine the final model.Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)values were used to rank the importance of factors contributing to ALNM.Results:Of the 3,266 patients studied,1,368(41.89%)developed ALNM.Among the five constructed ML models,eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)demonstrated the best predictive performance with an AUC of 0.768,an accuracy of 0.735,and a Kappa value of 0.450.In both the training and validation sets,the XGBoost model outperformed the LR-based nomogram(training set AUC and Brier score:0.822(0.810～0.820)vs.0.742(0.721～0.763),0.170(0.163～0.177)vs.0.197(0.189～0.204);validation set AUC and Brier score:0.769(0.740～0.770)vs.0.747(0.716～0.779),0.190(0.178～0.202)vs.0.195(0.189～0.204)).Therefore,XGBoost was selec-ted as the final predictive model.SHAP analysis identified T stage,age,molecular subtype,and CEA level as the four most influential factors for ALNM prediction.Conclusions:The XGBoost model effectively predicts the risk of ALNM in patients with invasive BC based on STMs and clinicopathological features,outperforming traditional nomograms.SHAP analysis highlighted T stage as the most critical factor influencing ALNM.

The advancement of surgical techniques enables effective treatment for many patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors.How-ever,post-surgery problems such as chewing,swallowing and speech difficulty may arise due to the defects in speech organs and inade-quate compensatory function of tissue flap repair.Speech disorders,in particular,isolate patients by making it difficult for them to com-municate with others,not only impact their quality of life but also potentially lead to psychological problems and social interaction disor-ders.Although the decline in life quality and other related issues caused by speech dysfunction due to surgery and radiotherapy or chemo-therapy have been widely recognized,there is currently no standardized and universally applicable assessment method and standardized re-habilitation treatment management guideline or consensus for speech disorders following oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery at home and abroad.Based on previous clinical practice,combined with the characteristics of speech disorders in patients after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery,the clinical experience of the experts in maxillofacial tumor surgery and rehabilitation and the relevant domestic and foreign literature,relevant experts organized discussions and modifications,reach a consensus on core content such as the assessment of speech disorders and the implementation plan for early rehabilitation treatment management,providing a reference for clinical practice,in order to improve patients'speech-related life quality and enhance the assessment and rehabilitation treatment techniques for speech disorders after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery.

Type I interferons play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Monoclonal antibody shows therapeutic potential by blocking the signaling pathway.This study used recombinant human subunit 1 of the type I interferon receptor(IFNAR1)protein to immunize New Zealand white rabbits,and applied B cell cloning technology to screen and obtain rabbit parental antibodies.After humanization modification,QX006N was obtained.In vitro biological studies showed that QX006N could specifically bind to human IFNAR1 with an affinity of 108 pmol/L,and neutralize the type I interferon signaling pathway and this pathway mediated biological effects.This study provides a solid foundation for the development of antibody drugs targeting the type I interferon signaling pathway for the treatment of SLE.

Systematic research on the quality evaluation methods of Chinese medicinal materials is an intrinsic requirement,which is beneficial to the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine and the sound development of traditional Chinese medicinal industry.The intrinsic quality evaluation methods of Chinese medicinal materials have developed from chemical fingerprint to quality marker of Chinese medicinal materials,and it represents that the evaluation mode has developed from chemical component as research index to the combination of chemical component and pharmacodynamic components,chemical component and biological activity.The extrinsic character evaluation method of Chinese medicinal materials from"Quality Evaluation Through Morphological Identification"to the application of intelligent sensory technology make up for the accumulation of objective data.The trend of quality evaluation of the intrinsic quality and extrinsic traits of Chinese herbal medicines conform to the innovation strategy called integrated quality control of TCMs.This paper reviews the development and evolution of the research on the intrinsic quality and extrinsic traits of Chinese herbal medicines,systematically expounds the research status and development trend of"intrinsic and extrinsic combination",and facilitate the establishment of quality evaluation system of Chinese herbal medicines with standardization and informatization characteristics in accordance with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine (ISO/TC 249). The review aims to explore the development strategies of the standards, which will exhibit the considerable impact on the economy, trade and exchanges, and cooperation in the area of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods ISO/TC 249 standards were searched on the ISO website, and their title, proposed time, current stage, scope, and classification were obtained for further summarization. Gephi was utilized to portray the co-occurrence network graph of the ISO/TC 249 standards subject. Results In ISO/TC 249, there were 116 standards, including 81 published standards and 35 developing standards by April 30, 2022. Two withdrawal standards were published after revision, which were not counted in the total standards. The number of published standards has been increasing since the first standard was published in 2014, whose title was “Sterile acupuncture needles for single use”. Among these standards, 17.24% (20/116) standards were in review, 56.03% (65/116) in publication, 3.45% (4/116) in approval, 5.17% (6/116) in enquiry, 3.45% (4/116) in committee, and 14.66% (17/116) in preparation, respectively. With 116 standards, most of the research focused on the medicament, as its classification of the International Classification for Standards (ICS) showed the proportion reaching 49.54%. The network analysis data revealed that the top five most frequent words were “materials” “root” “requirements” “products” and “system”, after removing the noise data, such as prepositions, conjunctions, and pronouns. Additionally, the word “system” co-exists with the terms “computerized” “coding” “image” “tongue” and “analysis”; the word “requirement” co-exists with “manufacturing” “decoction” “process” and “materials”; whereas the word “devices” co-exists with “pulse” “electric” “skin” and “measurement”. Conclusion With the increased diversification and complexity of problems, the development of standards is also oriented to multidisciplinary fields to cultivate the interdisciplinary talents, and especially the international standardization talents of compound TCM. Multi-angle analysis, formulation, and demonstration of standards, in line with industry needs in different disciplines, enhance the availability of standards and the ability to serve the industry.

OBJECTIVE To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the T-cadherin (CDH13) gene with metabolic syndrome (MS) among ethnic Han Chinese.METHODS Genotypes of 6 SNPs(rs11646213, rs12596316, rs3865188, rs12444338, rs12051272, and rs7195409) of the CDH13 gene among 453 patients with MS and 526 controls were determined with a TaqMan method, and their association with MS was assessed. RESULTS For 5 SNPs (rs11646213, rs3865188, rs12444338, rs12051272, and rs7195409), no difference was found in allelic and genotypic frequencies of the CDH13 gene between the two groups. Comparing with rs12596316 (AA+GG) genotype, rs12596316 AG genotype has significantly increased the risk of MS(P = 0.01,OR = 1.38,95%CI: 1.07-1.78), though no association was found between particular alleles of the rs12596316 with MS.There was no difference in the frequencies of rs11646213-rs12596316-rs3865188-rs12444338-rs12051272 haplotype between the two groups(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION No association was found between the five SNPs (rs11646213, rs3865188, rs12444338, rs12051272 and rs7195409) of the CDH13 gene with the MS, while the rs12596316AG genotype of the CDH13 gene is associated with the susceptibility to MS among ethnic Han Chinese.

To prepare polyclonal antibodies (PcAb) against UspA1 of Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc), we used bioinformatic analysis to determine the surface exposed region in this protein that holds the antigen epitopes. Then the corresponding coding sequences for this fragment was artificially synthesized according to the codon usage of Escherichia coli. The gene fragment was then subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+) and expressed in E. coli rosseta (DE3), and then the recombinant UspA1-His proteins were purified. Two New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with this protein to prepare antiserum. The resulting PcAb was then purified from the antiserum with Protein A affinity column. The results of fluorescence antibody assay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting analysis showed that the PcAb could specifically recognize the surface exposed region of UspA1 on Mc. The preparation of the PcAb laid a foundation of further development of rapid detection technique for M. catarrhalis.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize extraction technology of protein from Cryptotympana pustulata and investigate its in vitro antioxidant activity,so as to provide reference for further research of protein from C. pustulata. METHODS:Using extraction amount of protein as response value,based on single factor test,Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the ratio of liquid to material,ultraonic time and extraction times.Validation test was conducted. Using Vitamin C(VC)as positive control, in vitro antioxidant activity of protein from C. pustulata was evaluated by using scavenging rate of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)free radical as index. RESULTS:The optimal extraction condition of protein from C.pustulata was as follows as the ratio of liquid to material 28:1(mL/g), ultrasonic time of 65 min,extracting for twice. In validation test,average extraction amount of protein from C. pustulata was 65.45 mg/g(RSD=1.68%,n=3),relative error of which to predicted value was 5.48%. The protein from C. pustulata showed strong scavenging effect on ABTS and DPPH free radicals. When the concentration of protein from C. slough was 0.2 mg/mL,and the scavenging rate of it to ABTS free radicals was 97%,the effect of which was similar to VC.The protein from C. pustulata showed weak scavenging ability to DPPH free radical,IC50was 0.96 mg/mL,the effect of which was not as good as VC. CONCLUSIONS:The extraction technology of protein from C. pustulata optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology shows high accuracy and good reliability.The protein from C.pustulata shows certain antioxidant activity in vitro.