Objective:Serum tumor markers(STMs)are important indicators associated with metastasis in patients with breast cancer(BC).This study focuses on predicting the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis(ALNM)in patients with invasive BC in Xinjiang by combining STMs and clinicopathological factors.Methods:Data from 3,360 patients diagnosed with invasive BC and treated at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed,focusing on 11 relevant demographic and clinical factors.Five ma-chine learning(ML)algorithms were used to develop predictive models for ALNM.Their performance was compared using metrics such as area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,Kappa value,and Brier score.The best-performing model was then compared with a nomogram based on Logistic regression(LR)to determine the final model.Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)values were used to rank the importance of factors contributing to ALNM.Results:Of the 3,266 patients studied,1,368(41.89%)developed ALNM.Among the five constructed ML models,eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)demonstrated the best predictive performance with an AUC of 0.768,an accuracy of 0.735,and a Kappa value of 0.450.In both the training and validation sets,the XGBoost model outperformed the LR-based nomogram(training set AUC and Brier score:0.822(0.810～0.820)vs.0.742(0.721～0.763),0.170(0.163～0.177)vs.0.197(0.189～0.204);validation set AUC and Brier score:0.769(0.740～0.770)vs.0.747(0.716～0.779),0.190(0.178～0.202)vs.0.195(0.189～0.204)).Therefore,XGBoost was selec-ted as the final predictive model.SHAP analysis identified T stage,age,molecular subtype,and CEA level as the four most influential factors for ALNM prediction.Conclusions:The XGBoost model effectively predicts the risk of ALNM in patients with invasive BC based on STMs and clinicopathological features,outperforming traditional nomograms.SHAP analysis highlighted T stage as the most critical factor influencing ALNM.

The advancement of surgical techniques enables effective treatment for many patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors.How-ever,post-surgery problems such as chewing,swallowing and speech difficulty may arise due to the defects in speech organs and inade-quate compensatory function of tissue flap repair.Speech disorders,in particular,isolate patients by making it difficult for them to com-municate with others,not only impact their quality of life but also potentially lead to psychological problems and social interaction disor-ders.Although the decline in life quality and other related issues caused by speech dysfunction due to surgery and radiotherapy or chemo-therapy have been widely recognized,there is currently no standardized and universally applicable assessment method and standardized re-habilitation treatment management guideline or consensus for speech disorders following oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery at home and abroad.Based on previous clinical practice,combined with the characteristics of speech disorders in patients after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery,the clinical experience of the experts in maxillofacial tumor surgery and rehabilitation and the relevant domestic and foreign literature,relevant experts organized discussions and modifications,reach a consensus on core content such as the assessment of speech disorders and the implementation plan for early rehabilitation treatment management,providing a reference for clinical practice,in order to improve patients'speech-related life quality and enhance the assessment and rehabilitation treatment techniques for speech disorders after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery.

Objective:Serum tumor markers(STMs)are important indicators associated with metastasis in patients with breast cancer(BC).This study focuses on predicting the risk of axillary lymph node metastasis(ALNM)in patients with invasive BC in Xinjiang by combining STMs and clinicopathological factors.Methods:Data from 3,360 patients diagnosed with invasive BC and treated at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed,focusing on 11 relevant demographic and clinical factors.Five ma-chine learning(ML)algorithms were used to develop predictive models for ALNM.Their performance was compared using metrics such as area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,Kappa value,and Brier score.The best-performing model was then compared with a nomogram based on Logistic regression(LR)to determine the final model.Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)values were used to rank the importance of factors contributing to ALNM.Results:Of the 3,266 patients studied,1,368(41.89%)developed ALNM.Among the five constructed ML models,eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)demonstrated the best predictive performance with an AUC of 0.768,an accuracy of 0.735,and a Kappa value of 0.450.In both the training and validation sets,the XGBoost model outperformed the LR-based nomogram(training set AUC and Brier score:0.822(0.810～0.820)vs.0.742(0.721～0.763),0.170(0.163～0.177)vs.0.197(0.189～0.204);validation set AUC and Brier score:0.769(0.740～0.770)vs.0.747(0.716～0.779),0.190(0.178～0.202)vs.0.195(0.189～0.204)).Therefore,XGBoost was selec-ted as the final predictive model.SHAP analysis identified T stage,age,molecular subtype,and CEA level as the four most influential factors for ALNM prediction.Conclusions:The XGBoost model effectively predicts the risk of ALNM in patients with invasive BC based on STMs and clinicopathological features,outperforming traditional nomograms.SHAP analysis highlighted T stage as the most critical factor influencing ALNM.

The advancement of surgical techniques enables effective treatment for many patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors.How-ever,post-surgery problems such as chewing,swallowing and speech difficulty may arise due to the defects in speech organs and inade-quate compensatory function of tissue flap repair.Speech disorders,in particular,isolate patients by making it difficult for them to com-municate with others,not only impact their quality of life but also potentially lead to psychological problems and social interaction disor-ders.Although the decline in life quality and other related issues caused by speech dysfunction due to surgery and radiotherapy or chemo-therapy have been widely recognized,there is currently no standardized and universally applicable assessment method and standardized re-habilitation treatment management guideline or consensus for speech disorders following oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery at home and abroad.Based on previous clinical practice,combined with the characteristics of speech disorders in patients after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery,the clinical experience of the experts in maxillofacial tumor surgery and rehabilitation and the relevant domestic and foreign literature,relevant experts organized discussions and modifications,reach a consensus on core content such as the assessment of speech disorders and the implementation plan for early rehabilitation treatment management,providing a reference for clinical practice,in order to improve patients'speech-related life quality and enhance the assessment and rehabilitation treatment techniques for speech disorders after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, additive Holt-Winters model, Holt-Winters' multiplicative model, GM (1, 1) model and linear combination prediction model for prediction of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence. Methods: Data pertaining to monthly incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2008 were captured from Public Health Sciences Data Center. The SARIMA model, additive Holt-Winters model, Holt-Winters' multiplicative model, GM (1, 1) model and linear combination prediction model were created based on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis from January 2004 to June 2018, to predict the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis from July to December 2018. The predictive value of each model was evaluated using absolute percentage error (APE), mean APE (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE), and the best model was selected based on minimum APE, MAPE and RMSE. Results: The SARIMA model showed the minimum APE (10.94%), 11.01% and 7.96% MAPE and 564 and 419 RMSE at the model-fitting and prediction phases; followed by the linear combination prediction model, with 13.71% APE, 12.01% and 7.94% MAPE and 600 and 447 RMSE at the model-fitting and prediction phases, while the additive Holt-Winters model, Holt-Winters' multiplicative model and GM (1, 1) model showed a low predictive value. Conclusion The SARIMA and linear combination prediction models are superior to additive Holt-Winters model, Holt-Winters' multiplicative model and GM (1, 1) model for prediction of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence.

Objective:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to chemotherapy. Our study aimed to investigate the stem cell-like proper-ties of doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cell line 143B and its correlation with Notch signaling. Methods:We generated doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cells by treating them with 2μm doxorubicin. Stem cell-like properties such as morphology change, Stro-1/CD117 double positive ratio, stem cell-related gene expression, sphere formation efficiency, and EMT character were assessed on day 5 after doxorubicin withdrawal. Notch receptor and its target genes were examined using qPCR and Western blot analysis. The stem cell-like properties of doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cells were assessed when pretreated with Notch inhibitor or vehicle. The an-ti-tumor effect of Notch inhibitor was tested using a xenograft model. Results:Doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cells were enriched in Stro-1+/CD117+cells, which showed obvious increased expression of stem cell-related genes, and exhibited enhanced spheroid for-mation and evident mesenchymal characteristics unlike doxorubicin-sensitive cells. qPCR and Western blot assays showed that Notch intracellular domain 1 (NICD1) and target genes Hes1 and Hey1 were upregulated in doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma stem cells compared with those in vehicle cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) to prevent Notch signaling en-hanced chemo-sensitivity and inhibited doxorubicin-enriched osteosarcoma stem cell activity in vitro. Finally, the Notch inhibitor pre-vented tumor growth in mice xenograft models. Conclusion: Doxorubicin induced the enrichment of osteosarcoma stem-like cells through Notch signaling, and inactivation of Notch could be useful for overcoming drug resistance and eliminating osteosarcoma.

Objective To analyze the urodynamic data of the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and provide evidence for the therapy.Methods 452 patients with BPH were selected.The mean age was(65.6 ±5.65)years(51 to 89 years).All patients had intact history documents which included the results of cystoscopy,urodynamics,doppler,DRE and PSA.Results 15 cases were not diagnosed with BOO.430 cases were diagnosed with BOO,among them,65 cases of bladder detrusor muscle weakness,bladder detrusor instability(detrusor,DI,instability)in 365 cases,3 cases were normal,and the other 4 cases had detrusor atony.In 445 patients the mean maximum urinary flow rate(8.32±3.15)ml/s,the average residual urine volume(87.68±79.46)ml,the average maximum flow rate when the detrusor pressure(62.32±7.54)cm H2O,maximum urethral closure pressure was(86.43±18.35)cmH2O,among which 19 cases were not suitable for surgery.At the end of the 426 patients underwent surgical treatment,postoperative follow-up of 3 to 18 months,the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)from 0 to 5,the quality of life index(QOL)score of 0 to 1,Qmax 11 to 21 ml /s,residual urine(45.6±36.2)ml.There were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative indexes(P<0.05).Conclusion Urodynamic tests can avoid the blindness in the surgery treatment of BPH.

Objective To investigate the urodynamic features of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP).Methods Urodynamic data of 302 patients that sought medical care in the hospital and were confirmed as BPH were selected for the study.In accordance with the length of IPP,the patients were divided into group A (136 cases) and group B (166 cases).The IPP length of group A was ≥ 1.0 cm,and the IPP length of group B was ＜ 1.0 cm.Detection results were compared between the 2 groups.Results Rates of bladder outlet obstruction (94.1％),detrusor instability (55.9％) and lower compliance bladder(41.2％)were all significantly higher than those of group B(75.3％ 、30.7％ 、16.9％),and maximum uroflow rate of group A was [(5.02 ± 1.76) ml/s],which was significantly lower than that of group B [(8.36 ± 2.54) ml/s].Conclusion Bladder outlet obstruction,detrusor instability and lower compliance bladder in patients with IPP were prominent,which might require surgical treatment at an early date.

Objective To Analyze the urodynamic features in the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its diagnostic value.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with BPH who were hospitalized from January,2014 to August 2016 were recruited as study subjects,of whom 60 patients with BPH complicated with MD were designated as the observation group,and the other 60 patients with simple BPH were designated as the control group.Then,analysis was made on the urodynamic test results in the two groups.Results The scores of detrusor dysfunction for the observation group and the control group were respectively 46.67％ and 21.67％,and the percentages of high compliance bladder were respectively 40％ and 18.33％,while the scores of detrusor damage for the 2 groups were respectively 56.67％ and 33.33％.Statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (x2 =18.865,P =0.037;x2 =19.458,P =0.043;x2 =18.382,P =0.041).The percentages of urinary bladder outlet obstruction were respectively 75.00％ and 48.33％,and the percentages of detrusor instability were respectively 51.67％ and 41.67％,also with statistical significance (x2 =5.253,P =0.031;x2 =4.963,P =0.026).Initial precipitant urination volumes for the observation group and the control group were respectively (242 + 15.46) ml and (146 + 22.34) ml,maximum bladder capacity for the 2 groups were respectively (306 +44.52) ml and (226 + 22.73) ml,residual urine volumes were respectively (166.18 + 23.35) and ml (56 ± 12.31) ml,precipitant urination pressures at maximum urinary flow were respectively (26.46 + 9.64) cmil20(1 cmil20 =0.098 kPa) and (61.73 + 11.75) cmH20,the scores of bladder compliance for the 2 group were respectively (47.36 +4.68) ml/cmH20 and (23.26 + 5.37) mL/cmH2O,and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) for the 2 groups were respectively (4.12 + 2.12) ml/s and (8.78 +2.36) mL/s.Statistical significance could also be seen when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (t =2.235,P=0.016;t=2.183;P =0.045;t =2.275;P=0.038;t =2.258;P =0.042;t =2.465;P=0.033;t =2.472;P =0.032).Conclusions In the patients with BPH complicated with DM,bladder detrusor dysfunction was severer as compared with those with simple BPH.Early urodynamic detection should be performed for those patients with BPH complicated DM,so as to provide clinical evidence for the selection of treatment methods.

Objective To Analyze the urodynamic features in the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its diagnostic value.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with BPH who were hospitalized from January,2014 to August 2016 were recruited as study subjects,of whom 60 patients with BPH complicated with MD were designated as the observation group,and the other 60 patients with simple BPH were designated as the control group.Then,analysis was made on the urodynamic test results in the two groups.Results The scores of detrusor dysfunction for the observation group and the control group were respectively 46.67％ and 21.67％,and the percentages of high compliance bladder were respectively 40％ and 18.33％,while the scores of detrusor damage for the 2 groups were respectively 56.67％ and 33.33％.Statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (x2 =18.865,P =0.037;x2 =19.458,P =0.043;x2 =18.382,P =0.041).The percentages of urinary bladder outlet obstruction were respectively 75.00％ and 48.33％,and the percentages of detrusor instability were respectively 51.67％ and 41.67％,also with statistical significance (x2 =5.253,P =0.031;x2 =4.963,P =0.026).Initial precipitant urination volumes for the observation group and the control group were respectively (242 + 15.46) ml and (146 + 22.34) ml,maximum bladder capacity for the 2 groups were respectively (306 +44.52) ml and (226 + 22.73) ml,residual urine volumes were respectively (166.18 + 23.35) and ml (56 ± 12.31) ml,precipitant urination pressures at maximum urinary flow were respectively (26.46 + 9.64) cmil20(1 cmil20 =0.098 kPa) and (61.73 + 11.75) cmH20,the scores of bladder compliance for the 2 group were respectively (47.36 +4.68) ml/cmH20 and (23.26 + 5.37) mL/cmH2O,and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) for the 2 groups were respectively (4.12 + 2.12) ml/s and (8.78 +2.36) mL/s.Statistical significance could also be seen when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (t =2.235,P=0.016;t=2.183;P =0.045;t =2.275;P=0.038;t =2.258;P =0.042;t =2.465;P=0.033;t =2.472;P =0.032).Conclusions In the patients with BPH complicated with DM,bladder detrusor dysfunction was severer as compared with those with simple BPH.Early urodynamic detection should be performed for those patients with BPH complicated DM,so as to provide clinical evidence for the selection of treatment methods.