Objective To analyze the diagnostic process and clinical characteristics of autoimmune gastritis(AIG)in order to improve the awareness and diagnostic proficiency of this disease.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 114 patients diagnosed with AIG in Army Medical Center of PLA between January 2021 and June 2024.Comprehensive statistical analysis was performed on clinical data,including demographic characteristics(age,sex),clinical symptoms,comorbidities,diagnostic process,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection and treatment history,laboratory indicators[results of routine blood test,anemia-related indices,thyroid function,anti-parietal cell antibody(APCA),intrinsic factor antibody(IFA)],and gastrointestinal endoscopic findings(frequency and endoscopic features).Results Among the 114 patients,males accounted for 28.1%(32/114)and females for 71.9%(82/114),and they were at a mean age of 56.3±8.4 years.Predominant symptoms included epigastric/upper abdominal pain(47.4%,54/114)and postprandial fullness(43.0%,49/114),while 24.6%(28/114)reported acid reflux or heartburn.Diagnostic delay occurred in 76.4%(87/114)of patients,with a median delay duration of 11.5 months.Primary diagnostic clues were endoscopic reverse gradient atrophy(significantly more severe mucosal atrophy in the gastric corpus/fundus versus antrum;53.5%,61/114)and repeated H.pylori eradication failure(≥2 attempts;22.8%,26/114).Positivity rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)and thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb)was 56.9%(33/58)and 36.2%(21/58),respectively.APCA positive rate was 98.8%(81/82),IFA positive rate was 34.1%(28/82),and dual-antibody rate was 32.9%(27/82).Anemia was present in 25.7%(26/101)of the patients.Gastric neuroendocrine tumors(NET)were found in 12.2%(14/114),intraepithelial neoplasia in 5.3%(6/114),and gastric adenocarcinoma in 0.9%(1/114).Among colonoscopy-examined patients,tubular adenomas occurred in 25.0%(13/52)and colorectal malignancies in 3.4%(2/58).There were 18.4%(21/114)patients having gallbladder-related diseases,7.9%(9/114)having diabetes mellitus,and 1.8%(2/114)of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.Conclusion AIG is frequently associated with diagnostic delay.The reverse pattern of atrophy on endoscopy serves as a critical diagnostic clue,necessitating enhanced recognition in endoscopists.Patients with recurrent H.pylori eradication failure(≥2 attempts)should be evaluated for AIG.

Objective To investigate the rehabilitation efficacy of Beckman oral-motor training combined with auditory integration training(AIT)in children with language development delay.Methods A total of 118 children diagnosed with language development delay were enrolled in this study,and randomly assigned to auditory training group or combined training group,with 59 cases in each group.Children in the auditory training group received AIT,while those in the combined train-ing group underwent Beckman oral-motor training combined with AIT.The clinical efficacy,intellec-tual development,language ability,oral motor function,articulation ability,and serum neurotrophic factor levels of the two groups were observed and compared.Results After treatment,the overall ef-fective rate in the combined training group was 93.22％(55/59),which was significantly higher than 79.66％(47/59)in the auditory training group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Following treatment,the scores of intellectual development,language ability,oral motor function,and articulation ability,as well as the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and nerve growth factor(NGF)in both groups were elevated compared to the pre-treatment levels.Moreover,these parameters in the combined training group were superior to those in the audi-tory training group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Beck-man oral-motor training combined with AIT can enhance the rehabilitation outcome in children with language development delay,improving their speech function,intellectual development,oral motor function,articulation ability,and serum neurotrophic factor levels.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that 1,8-cineole has anti-inflammatory,antioxidation,antibacterial and anti-tumor effects.It has good anti-inflammatory effects in many diseases.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of 1,8-cineole on inflammatory response in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.METHODS:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into normal control group,periodontitis control group and 1,8-cineole group with ten rats in each group according to the completely randomized digital table method.Except for the normal control group,rats in the other groups were induced into experimental periodontitis.The periodontitis model was constructed by the orthodontic ligature wire method.Eight weeks after modeling,in the 1,8-cineole group,1,8-cineole was placed into periodontal pockets,twice per day for 4 weeks.In the normal control group and the periodontitis control group,the same amount of normal saline was placed into periodontal pockets,twice per day for 4 weeks.After administration,general observation and periodontal clinical indicators were performed.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for periodontal histological evaluation.The expressions of inflammatory factors in the serum and gingiva at mRNA and protein levels were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal control group,rats in the periodontitis control group showed increased gingival bleeding index and periodontal probing depth(P<0.05),increased serum levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin 6(P<0.05),decreased serum level of interleukin 10(P<0.05),increased mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin 6 in gingival tissue(P<0.05),and decreased mRNA and protein level of interleukin 10 in gingival tissue(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining of periodontal tissues showed that compared with the normal control group,periodontal inflammation was obvious in the periodontitis control group.(2)Compared with the periodontitis control group,rats in the 1,8-cineole group showed decreased gingival bleeding index and periodontal probing depth(P<0.05),decreased serum levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin 6(P<0.05),increased serum level of interleukin 10(P<0.05),decreased mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin 6 in gingival tissue(P<0.05),and increased mRNA and protein level of interleukin 10 in gingival tissue(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining of periodontal tissues showed that compared with the periodontitis control group,periodontal inflammation was remarkably alleviated in the 1,8-cineole group.To conclude,1,8-cineole can attenuate the inflammatory response in the rat model of experimental periodontitis.

Objective:To investigate the possibility of 1,8-cineole in the prevention of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)induced dental caries in rats.Methods:40 specific pathogen-free rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8):distilled water group(negative control group),chlorhexidine group(positive control group),and eucalyptin low(MIC),medium(2MIC)and high(4MIC)dose groups.The plates were streaked with saliva samples,and calculated the number of S.mutans colonies and the ratio of the total number of colonies.Keyes' method was used to evaluate the caries damage of the jaws specimens.Results:At the end of the experiment,the proportion(％)of S.mutans in the oral cavity of the drug groups decreased(P＜0.000 1),but there was no significant difference between the drug group and the positive control group(P＜0.05).At the end of the experiment,compared with the negative control group,the scores of each grade in the drug group decreased(P＜0.05),but there was no significant differ-ence between positive control group and each 1,8-cineole group(P＞0.05),and among the 3 1,8-cineole dose groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:1,8-cineole at the MIC can inhibit the growth of S.mutans in the oral cavity of rats with dental caries and reduce the frequency and severity of dental caries.

Objective:To investigate the possibility of 1,8-cineole in the prevention of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)induced dental caries in rats.Methods:40 specific pathogen-free rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8):distilled water group(negative control group),chlorhexidine group(positive control group),and eucalyptin low(MIC),medium(2MIC)and high(4MIC)dose groups.The plates were streaked with saliva samples,and calculated the number of S.mutans colonies and the ratio of the total number of colonies.Keyes' method was used to evaluate the caries damage of the jaws specimens.Results:At the end of the experiment,the proportion(％)of S.mutans in the oral cavity of the drug groups decreased(P＜0.000 1),but there was no significant difference between the drug group and the positive control group(P＜0.05).At the end of the experiment,compared with the negative control group,the scores of each grade in the drug group decreased(P＜0.05),but there was no significant differ-ence between positive control group and each 1,8-cineole group(P＞0.05),and among the 3 1,8-cineole dose groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:1,8-cineole at the MIC can inhibit the growth of S.mutans in the oral cavity of rats with dental caries and reduce the frequency and severity of dental caries.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that 1,8-cineole has anti-inflammatory,antioxidation,antibacterial and anti-tumor effects.It has good anti-inflammatory effects in many diseases.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of 1,8-cineole on inflammatory response in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.METHODS:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into normal control group,periodontitis control group and 1,8-cineole group with ten rats in each group according to the completely randomized digital table method.Except for the normal control group,rats in the other groups were induced into experimental periodontitis.The periodontitis model was constructed by the orthodontic ligature wire method.Eight weeks after modeling,in the 1,8-cineole group,1,8-cineole was placed into periodontal pockets,twice per day for 4 weeks.In the normal control group and the periodontitis control group,the same amount of normal saline was placed into periodontal pockets,twice per day for 4 weeks.After administration,general observation and periodontal clinical indicators were performed.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for periodontal histological evaluation.The expressions of inflammatory factors in the serum and gingiva at mRNA and protein levels were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal control group,rats in the periodontitis control group showed increased gingival bleeding index and periodontal probing depth(P<0.05),increased serum levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin 6(P<0.05),decreased serum level of interleukin 10(P<0.05),increased mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin 6 in gingival tissue(P<0.05),and decreased mRNA and protein level of interleukin 10 in gingival tissue(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining of periodontal tissues showed that compared with the normal control group,periodontal inflammation was obvious in the periodontitis control group.(2)Compared with the periodontitis control group,rats in the 1,8-cineole group showed decreased gingival bleeding index and periodontal probing depth(P<0.05),decreased serum levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin 6(P<0.05),increased serum level of interleukin 10(P<0.05),decreased mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin 6 in gingival tissue(P<0.05),and increased mRNA and protein level of interleukin 10 in gingival tissue(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining of periodontal tissues showed that compared with the periodontitis control group,periodontal inflammation was remarkably alleviated in the 1,8-cineole group.To conclude,1,8-cineole can attenuate the inflammatory response in the rat model of experimental periodontitis.

Objective: To investigate the doseresponse relationship between the risk of elevated blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in primary and secondary school students in Shibei District, Qingdao, so as to provide a reference for precise interventions of elevated blood pressure. Methods: Statistical analysis was conducted on the health examination data of 92 091 primary and secondary school students in Shibei District, Qingdao, in 2022. Overweight and obesity were assessed using the standards from the Screening for Overweight and Obesity among Schoolaged Children and Adolescents, and blood pressure levels were evaluated using the Reference of Screening for Elevated Blood Pressure among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years. The relationship between BMI and elevated blood pressure was examined using analysis of variance, Chisquare test, multifactorial Logistic regression, and a combination of restricted cubic spline after data cleaning. Results: Based on the standardized scores under different age and gender, BMI was classified into 5 categories. Compared with the group of BMIZ scores 0-<1, the risk of developing high blood pressure gradually decreased with BMIZ scores (OR=0.55, 0.53, P<0.05). Conversely, the risk of developing high blood pressure increased with increasing BMIZ scores (OR=1.90, 3.71, P<0.05). Stratified analyses showed that BMI was positively associated with elevated blood pressure by gender (male, female), age (aged 7-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-16), and waisttohip ratio (≤0.83, >0.83) (OR=1.18, 1.19, 1.15, 1.22, 1.19, 1.18, 1.19, 1.18, P<0.01). There were multiplicative interactions between BMI and gender, between BMI and age, between BMI and waisttohip ratio (OR=1.53, 1.08, 2.31, P<0.01). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that as BMI levels increased, the risk of developing elevated blood pressure showed a nonlinear increasing trend in both the 7yearold and the 10 to 16yearold (χ2=27.56, 10.69, 6.10, 27.26, 18.32, 25.71, 10.53, 6.14, P<0.05). Conclusions The risk of elevated blood pressure in primary and secondary school students increases with BMI, showing a nonlinear doseresponse relationship. The blood pressure should be monitored regularly, and comprehensive and effective measures should be implemented to control elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents.

Objectives:This study aimed to analyze the clinical and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with hematological diseases and to explore prognostic risk factors.Methods:This retrospective study included patients with hematologic diseases with CRE BSI at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022. The clinical features, carbapenemase test results, antimicrobial treatments, and outcomes were analyzed.Results:A total of 120 patients developed CRE BSI. Escherichia coli (58/120, 48.3%) was the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (52/120, 43.3%). A total of 93 CRE strains were tested for carbapenemase, of which 75 strains produced carbapenemase (metalloenzyme: 51 strains; serine enzyme: 24 strains). The 30-day mortality rate after BSI was 24.2% (29/120). Univariate analysis revealed significantly lower mortality in patients treated with the ceftazidime-avibactam-containing regimen than in those treated with other antibiotics (7.8% vs 36.2%, P<0.001). Moreover, initiating active therapy within 24 h of BSI onset significantly reduced mortality (15.0% vs 33.3%, P=0.019). The proportion of patients with CRE colonization receiving active therapy within 12 and 24 h was significantly higher compared with patients without colonization (12 h: 14.5% vs 34.1%, P=0.012; 24 h: 40.8% vs 65.9%, P=0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that septic shock ( HR=24.436, 95% CI 4.148 - 143.966, P<0.001) and pulmonary infection ( HR=9.346, 95% CI 2.718-32.140, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for death within 30 days. Appropriate therapy was initiated within 24 h ( HR=0.225, 95% CI 0.059 - 0.851, P=0.028), and treatment with the ceftazidime-avibactam-containing regimen ( HR=0.082, 95% CI 0.018-0.362, P=0.001) significantly reduced mortality. Conclusion:The prognosis of CRE BSI in patients with hematological diseases is poor. Timely, appropriate therapy and receipt of a ceftazidime-avibactam-containing regimen can improve survival and prognosis.

Objectives:This study aimed to analyze the clinical and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with hematological diseases and to explore prognostic risk factors.Methods:This retrospective study included patients with hematologic diseases with CRE BSI at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022. The clinical features, carbapenemase test results, antimicrobial treatments, and outcomes were analyzed.Results:A total of 120 patients developed CRE BSI. Escherichia coli (58/120, 48.3%) was the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (52/120, 43.3%). A total of 93 CRE strains were tested for carbapenemase, of which 75 strains produced carbapenemase (metalloenzyme: 51 strains; serine enzyme: 24 strains). The 30-day mortality rate after BSI was 24.2% (29/120). Univariate analysis revealed significantly lower mortality in patients treated with the ceftazidime-avibactam-containing regimen than in those treated with other antibiotics (7.8% vs 36.2%, P<0.001). Moreover, initiating active therapy within 24 h of BSI onset significantly reduced mortality (15.0% vs 33.3%, P=0.019). The proportion of patients with CRE colonization receiving active therapy within 12 and 24 h was significantly higher compared with patients without colonization (12 h: 14.5% vs 34.1%, P=0.012; 24 h: 40.8% vs 65.9%, P=0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that septic shock ( HR=24.436, 95% CI 4.148 - 143.966, P<0.001) and pulmonary infection ( HR=9.346, 95% CI 2.718-32.140, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for death within 30 days. Appropriate therapy was initiated within 24 h ( HR=0.225, 95% CI 0.059 - 0.851, P=0.028), and treatment with the ceftazidime-avibactam-containing regimen ( HR=0.082, 95% CI 0.018-0.362, P=0.001) significantly reduced mortality. Conclusion:The prognosis of CRE BSI in patients with hematological diseases is poor. Timely, appropriate therapy and receipt of a ceftazidime-avibactam-containing regimen can improve survival and prognosis.

【Objective】 To explore the influence of common methods of reducing non-viral nucleic acid on the abundance of plasma virus group. 【Methods】 Three kinds of library construction, five kinds of centrifugation conditions, two kinds of filters, four kinds of enzymes and four concentrations of chloroform were used to treat plasma samples added quantitatively 2.16 mL of pseudorabies virus(PRV) and 2.16 mL of porcine parvovirus(PPV). A total of 21.6 mL of plasma samples were processed, including 54 samples. Subsequently, nucleic acid was extracted, mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) and two viruses were quantitated, the library of the next generation sequencing was constructed, Illumina NovaSeq 6000 was used for the next generation sequencing. The sequencing data were compared with Kraken Py 2.0 software, and the species annotation analysis was conducted. The corresponding species classification information of each segment was obtained to analyze the impact of different reducing non-viral nucleic acid methods on the relative abundance of microorganisms and two indicator viruses. 【Results】 After sequencing by Illumina NovaSeq 6000, 306.27 GB raw data and 193.17 GB clean data were obtained, with Q20>90%, Q30>85%, Error Rate of 0.03%, and average GC Content of 45.02%. The DNA library construction process significantly increased the proportion of microbial sequences and the PRV abundance [(91.8±0.5)%](P<0.05); RNA library construction and combined library construction can increase the abundance of Pestivirus, an RNA virus, and the PRV abundance was(17.7±3.3)% and(8.1±1.5)% respectively. The Ct value of mtDNA was increased and the proportion of human sequence decreased to less than(89.5±1)%, while the proportion of microbial sequence increased to (2.4±0.03)% after treatment of five centrifugation conditions(P<0.05); After centrifugation at 4℃, 100 g, 30 min, the PRV abundance was increased to (40.6±6)%, and centrifugation at 4℃, 4 000 g, 45 min reduced the PRV abundance to (4.1±0.01)%(P<0.05). Both of 0.22-μm filter and 0.45-μm filter increased the Ct value of mtDNA to above 25.56±0.13, decreased the proportion of human sequence to less than (86.1±0.6)%, increased the proportion of microbial sequence to (3.1±0.1)% and (3.4±0.2)%, and decreased the PRV abundance to (1.6±0.3)% and (4.1±0.7)%(P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference in the effect on PPV concentration and abundance. DNase Ⅰ and Benzonase increased the Ct value of PPV to 25.65±0.06 and 25.36±0.45, decreased the proportion of human sequence to (81.7±5.6)% and (72.8±6.7)%, and increased the proportion of microbial sequence and PRV abundance to (11.0±4.1)% and (16.1±4.7)%, (55.8±2.3)% and (39.0±8.9)%, respectively(P<0 05); After treatment with RNase A, the Ct value of PRV increased to 25.20±0.11, and the human sequence proportion decreased to (85.4±5.6)%(P<0 05); Lysozyme had no effect on removing non-viral nucleic acid. The chloroform of 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% increased Ct value of PRV and mtDNA to no less than 27.17±0.21 and 25.68±0.04; Only 10% chloroform increased the proportion of microbial sequences to (3.1±1.2)%(P<0.05); The abundance of PRV with 1% and 5% chloroform treatment was increased to (48.7±13.3)% and (42.1±5.5)%(P<0.05), while 10% and 20% chloroform reduced PRV abundance to (1.0±0.5)% and (3.4±2.8)%(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the effect of chloroform with four contents on PPV abundance. 【Conclusion】 Centrifugation at 4℃, 5 000 g, 10 min is suitable for increasing the overall abundance of virus, and centrifugation at 4℃, 100 g, 30 min is suitable for increasing the content of virus similar to PRV. 0.45-μm filter, DNase Ⅰ, Benzonase and low concentration chloroform can effectively reduce the proportion of non-viral nucleic acid sequence in plasma to increase the abundance of the indicated virus group. Thus, the enrichment effect of plasma meta-virome is closely related to the nature of the virus, and the appropriate virus enrichment method should be selected according to the research purpose to establish the corresponding enrichment strategy.