Objective:To summarize the clinical features of children with fulminant myocarditis treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)，and to explore the influencing factors which may lead to adverse clinical outcomes.Methods:The clinical data of children diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis treated with ECMO in the PICU of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from October 2016 to November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination indexes and imaging results were collected. According to the outcome, the cases were divided into survival group and death group, and the related indexes of the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 23 children were included, including 8 males and 15 females, aged from 4 months to 13 years, with a median age of 11 (7,12) years.The initial clinical manifestations were non-specific.In the course of the disease，10 cases（43.5%）developed Adams-Stokes syndrome，7 cases（30.4%）were treated with temporary pacemaker，and 6 cases（26.1%）were treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR).There were 17 cases in the survival group and 6 cases in the death group, and the success rate of ECMO treatment was 73.9%. Six children died within 96 hours of admission, and 5 of them received ECPR.The time from admission to start ECMO and ECMO assistance time in the death group were shorter than those in the survival group, the pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score 2(PELOD-2）and vasoactive inotropic score(VIS) within 24 h after admission were higher than those in the survival group, and the proportion of ECPR was higher than that in the survival group.The procalcitonin, interleukin-6, blood lactic acid, highest values of creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, troponin T and troponin I in the death group were higher than those in the survival group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of fulminant myocarditis in children are not typical. The increase of PELOD-2 and VIS scores within 24h after admission, serum creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, blood lactic acid, troponin and inflammatory indexes may be related to the poor prognosis of children with fulminant myocarditis treated with ECMO. Early initiation of ECMO before cardiac arrest may affect its success rate of treatment.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features of children with fulminant myocarditis treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)，and to explore the influencing factors which may lead to adverse clinical outcomes.Methods:The clinical data of children diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis treated with ECMO in the PICU of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from October 2016 to November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination indexes and imaging results were collected. According to the outcome, the cases were divided into survival group and death group, and the related indexes of the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 23 children were included, including 8 males and 15 females, aged from 4 months to 13 years, with a median age of 11 (7,12) years.The initial clinical manifestations were non-specific.In the course of the disease，10 cases（43.5%）developed Adams-Stokes syndrome，7 cases（30.4%）were treated with temporary pacemaker，and 6 cases（26.1%）were treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR).There were 17 cases in the survival group and 6 cases in the death group, and the success rate of ECMO treatment was 73.9%. Six children died within 96 hours of admission, and 5 of them received ECPR.The time from admission to start ECMO and ECMO assistance time in the death group were shorter than those in the survival group, the pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score 2(PELOD-2）and vasoactive inotropic score(VIS) within 24 h after admission were higher than those in the survival group, and the proportion of ECPR was higher than that in the survival group.The procalcitonin, interleukin-6, blood lactic acid, highest values of creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, troponin T and troponin I in the death group were higher than those in the survival group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of fulminant myocarditis in children are not typical. The increase of PELOD-2 and VIS scores within 24h after admission, serum creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, blood lactic acid, troponin and inflammatory indexes may be related to the poor prognosis of children with fulminant myocarditis treated with ECMO. Early initiation of ECMO before cardiac arrest may affect its success rate of treatment.

Objective:To analyze the research status and development trend of successful aging at home and abroad, so as to provide references for the study of population aging in China.Methods:The literatures on successful aging included in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science core collection from the establishment of database to April 2023 were retrieved, and CiteSpace software was used to analyze.Results:A total of 199 Chinese articles and 517 English articles were included. The number of articles published at home and abroad was generally on the rise, the published journals had certain authority, and a core group of domestic authors had been formed.Conclusions:Research hotspots at home and abroad involve influencing factors, study population, cognitive function, etc. This field is in the stage of discipline development and application diffusion. Physical and mental health of the elderly, successful aging at work, and healthy aging are the future development trends. In the future, international exchanges and cooperation should be strengthened, combined with the actual situation in China, further improve the related theories of successful aging and build a more scientific and localized successful aging system, so as to provide guidance for solving the problem of population aging.

Single-cell RNA sequencing technology takes a single cell as research object,counts and analyzes the gene expres-sion level of each transcript and heterogeneity between cells.This technology makes up for the defects of traditional sequencing techno-logy to some extent.Autoimmune disease is the damage or dysfunction of autotissue cells caused by autoimmune tolerance or abnormal regulation of autoimmunity cells.In this paper,the research results on application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in autoim-mune disease in recent years are reviewed,which provides valuable clues for early realization of precise medical treatment.

Background Subways are typical congregate settings and may facilitate aerosol transmission of viruses. However, quantified transmission probability estimates are lacking. Purpose To model spread and diffusion of respiratory aerosols in subways by simulation and calculation of infection probabilities. Methods The internal environment of carriages of Shanghai Metro Line 10 was used to establish a study scene. The movement of tiny particles was simulated using the turbulent model. Trend analysis of infection probabilities and viral quantum doses was conducted in a closed subway carriage scene by a quantum emission-infection probability model. Results Under a typical twelve-vent air conditioning configuration, respiratory droplet aerosols within a subway carriage dispersed rapidly throughout various regions due to airflow, with limited short-term diffusion to other carriages. Concurrently, owing to the uncertainty of airflow patterns, the airflow might circulate and converge within carriages, causing delayed outward dispersion or hindered dispersion of droplet aerosols upon entry into these zones. Passengers boarding the carriage could exacerbate the formation of these zones. When the air conditioning system functioned adequately (air exchange rate=23.21 h⁻¹), the probability of a virus carrier transmitting the virus to other passengers within the same carriage via aerosol transmission was approximately 3.8%. However, in the event of air conditioning system failure (air exchange rate=0.5 h⁻¹), this probability escalated dramatically to 30%. Furthermore, a super-spreader (with virus spreading exceeding 90% of the average) elevated the infection probability to 14.9%. Additionally, due to the complexity of turbulence within the carriage, if local diffusion occurred in 1/2 zones of a carriage, the anticipated infection probability would increase to 8.9%, or during the morning or evening rush hours leading to elevated aerosol concentrations, the infection probability would rise to 4.7%. The subway transmission probability for common coronaviruses diminished to as low as 0.9%. Conclusion Combined computational fluid dynamics and infection probability analysis reveals that in the prevalent twelve-vent air conditioning configurations, despite being a major transportation hub with substantial spatial-temporal overlap, the internal space of subway carriages exhibits a certain level of resistance to virus aerosol transmission owing to built-in ventilation capabilities. However, turbulence and passenger positioning may lead to localized hovering of droplet aerosols, thereby increase the risk of virus transmission. Furthermore, super-spreaders, poor operational status of built-in air conditioning system, and high passenger volume at morning or evening peak hours exert profound effects on virus transmission and infection probability.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous exploration. To address this pressing issue, the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission commissioned this guideline. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline development and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working groups. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China's national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous explora-tion. This guideline was commissioned by the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline develop-ment and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working group. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help to standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients with glioma, and construct and validate a nomogram prediction model.Methods:A total of 304 glioma surgery patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were involved in this research. The training set (234 patients) and the validation set (70 patients) were divided according to the leave-out method. Patients in the training set and validation set were divided into delirium and non-delirium groups using the confusion assessment method (CAM) as the criteria.Clinical data of patients in the two study groups in the training set were analyzed.The risk factors for postoperative delirium were clarified by Logistic regression analysis, and an early warning model for postoperative delirium in glioma was established. The calibration curve and ROC curve were used for internal and external validation in the training set and validation set to evaluate the accuracy and discrimination of the prediction model.Results:Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age>60 ( OR=4.089, 95% CI=1.898-9.103, P<0.001), diabetes ( OR=2.825, 95% CI=1.316-6.186, P=0.008), hypertension ( OR=2.176, 95% CI=1.041-4.587, P=0.008), smoking ( OR=2.432, 95% CI=1.063-5.648, P=0.036), history of epileptic seizures ( OR=4.457, 95% CI=1.924-10.689, P=0.001), poor lung function ( OR=2.452, 95% CI=1.132-5.374, P=0.023), visual analog scale (VAS)>7 points ( OR=3.394, 95% CI=1.591-7.456, P=0.002), anxiety or depression ( OR=2.746, 95% CI=1.285-5.976, P=0.010) and operation duration>4 h ( OR=2.731, 95% CI=1.255-6.062, P=0.012) were the independent risk factors of brain glial postoperative delirium.Based on the above risk factors a nomogram nursing early warning model was established.The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of internal verification was 0.852, and AUC of external verification was 0.914. Conclusion:The early-warning model for postoperative delirium in glioma patients can effectively predict the risk of delirium after glioma surgery, and it has certain clinical promotion value.

Objective:To systematically quantify the access to screening and surveillance service of liver cancer in populations in China, especially a series of sub-indicators of the availability.Methods:Following the specific indicators applied by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in the session of availability and use of screening practices in several cancer screening handbooks, information about the access/availability of liver cancer screening and surveillance in population in China were collected; the indicators included local policies and guidelines, procedures most commonly used or recommended, population coverage and participation rate, compliance and related factors, treatment rate, acceptability, equity and others. Systematic review approach was used, combined with searching core literatures/monograph, websites of governments and available program reports, for a systematic analysis on the access to liver cancer screening and surveillance in populations in China.Results:A total of 34 journal articles were included from the systematic review and most of which were about the participation of secondary liver screening or surveillance compliance; additional information were mainly obtained from the other sources. Overall, there were clearly recommended screening and surveillance procedures for liver cancer in the three major cancer screening programs funded by the central government of China. It was estimated that 0.09% of the population aged 35-74 years were covered by liver cancer screening in 2019 in China. The overall participation rates of secondary screening ranged from 37.5% to 62.3% in three major programs, the median compliance rate of surveillance was reported as 26.9% ( Q1, Q3: 23.5%, 41.0%) in the 6 included studies. Two studies reported the factors affecting the participation and compliance. A large-scale multicenter analysis showed that the subject acceptability to alpha fetoprotein test combined with ultrasound screening was as high as 99.3% in high-risk population in urban area. The treatment rate of liver cancer founded by screening, surveillance or follow-up was estimated to be >90% in rural population. No studies of equity were obtained via the systematic review. Conclusions:The public health service programs in China all recommend specific procedures for liver cancer screening in general population and surveillance for high-risk individuals. However, the overall availability needs to be improved, particularly in the indicator of population coverage. Participation rates of screening and compliance rates of surveillance varied among the included programs and the studies, suggesting that the influencing factors need to be further identified. The relatively high subject acceptability suggests the potential demands for screening service. More efforts are needed to address the access to screening and surveillance of liver cancer in populations in China.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous exploration. To address this pressing issue, the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission commissioned this guideline. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline development and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working groups. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.