Alzheimer's disease(AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, is the most prevalent form of dementia.As the aging population continues to expand, AD presents significant health and caregiving challenges for families and society, making it a pressing international public health concern.In recent years, numerous countries have implemented dementia prevention and treatment strategies that emphasize community-based comprehensive approaches.Currently, the community-based AD prevention and treatment model in China is still in the exploratory phase, with community efforts lacking organization.In alignment with China's action plan for advancing dementia prevention and treatment, and to achieve the strategic objective of "healthy aging, " this consensus is based on the principle of three-level prevention and is tailored to the characteristics of AD disease progression.It aims to develop a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy for AD that is suitable for communities in China, providing technical guidance and support to establish a scientific basis for formulating community AD prevention and treatment models.

Alzheimer's disease(AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, is the most prevalent form of dementia.As the aging population continues to expand, AD presents significant health and caregiving challenges for families and society, making it a pressing international public health concern.In recent years, numerous countries have implemented dementia prevention and treatment strategies that emphasize community-based comprehensive approaches.Currently, the community-based AD prevention and treatment model in China is still in the exploratory phase, with community efforts lacking organization.In alignment with China's action plan for advancing dementia prevention and treatment, and to achieve the strategic objective of "healthy aging, " this consensus is based on the principle of three-level prevention and is tailored to the characteristics of AD disease progression.It aims to develop a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy for AD that is suitable for communities in China, providing technical guidance and support to establish a scientific basis for formulating community AD prevention and treatment models.

Objective:To explore the cognition and nursing needs of patients with urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery on "Internet+ nursing service", so as to provide basis for the implementation of high-quality continuous nursing service.Methods:According to the phenomenological research method, 15 patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy in the Urology Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University from October to December 2021 were selected as the research object by intentional sampling method. Semi-structured interview was used to collect data, and Colazzi method was used to sort out, analyze and refine the subject.Results:The patients' awareness of "Internet+ nursing service" was biased. Many factors affected the willingness of patients with urinary incontinence to use "Internet+ nursing service". Factors that promoted willingness to use included public health emergency, traffic, physical and psychological factors. Factors impeding willingness to use included information security, operational and economic factors. The need for the content of "Internet+ nursing service" included the need for rehabilitation treatment related knowledge and supportive relationships. The need for "Internet+ nursing service" included the need to establish a "circle of friends" to obtain support from patients, the need for "online consultation, offline nursing", and the need to enrich the form of health education.Conclusions:The medical and nursing staff should give full play to the role of "Internet+ nursing service", and according to the characteristics of patients with urinary incontinence, enrich the "Internet+ nursing service" in the form of combination of graphics and text, video games, punch card interaction, to meet the needs of patients in rehabilitation training, doctor-nurse communication, patient support and other aspects, while strengthening the convenience of the operation of "Internet+ nursing service" and the timeliness of the service, so as to promote the rapid development of "Internet+ nursing service".

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health condition.More and more studies have found that interoceptive sensitivity, such as the sensitivity of the body to a series of physiological activities such as heart rate, respiration, blood pressure and so on, is closely related to the susceptibility to anxiety disorders.So, understanding the role of interoception in the occurrence of anxiety disorders plays an important role in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and guiding treatment.This article reviewed the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, the interaction between increased interoceptive sensitivity and abnormal activation of the amygdala, which results in pathological anxiety, the insula also regulates emotional responses by regulating interoception.It is also associated with genes and neurotransmitters, which may be important biomarkers of anxiety disorders.At the same time, interoception is also associated with genes and neurotransmitters, which may also be important biomarkers of anxiety disorders.In terms of treatment, we can use respiratory therapy to regulate respiratory perception, apply rTMS to stimulate the relevant network of interoception, and use electroencephalography to reflect interoception biofeedback and other treatment methods to improve interoception, to alleviate anxiety symptoms.In conclusion, the abnormal sensitivity of interoception plays an important role in the occurrence of anxiety disorders.Currently, there are many therapeutic methods for the treatment of anxiety disorders based on interoception, but the relevant therapeutic mechanism is unclear.Therefore, future research needs to explore the mechanism of interoception in anxiety and explore the mechanism of related treatment.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a well-tolerated, safe and noninvasive physical brain stimulation method, which has been widely used in the treatment of some common mental disorders and neurological diseases and has achieved certain clinical effects. It is necessary to develop expert consensus on clinical treatment to improve the use norms in related fields. According to the clinical research published before August 2021 and the method of evidence-based medicine, we published an expert consensus on tDCS in the treatment of depressive disorders, schizophrenia, substance use-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders, pain, Parkinson′s disease, stroke, and epilepsy. The consensus also introduced the safety and efficacy of the clinical use of tDCS, and standardized the treatment process and operation technology, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical application of tDCS and promote the standardized development of this treatment technology in the future.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a well-tolerated, safe and noninvasive physical brain stimulation method, which has been widely used in the treatment of some common mental disorders and neurological diseases and has achieved certain clinical effects. It is necessary to develop expert consensus on clinical treatment to improve the use norms in related fields. According to the clinical research published before August 2021 and the method of evidence-based medicine, we published an expert consensus on tDCS in the treatment of depressive disorders, schizophrenia, substance use-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders, pain, Parkinson′s disease, stroke, and epilepsy. The consensus also introduced the safety and efficacy of the clinical use of tDCS, and standardized the treatment process and operation technology, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical application of tDCS and promote the standardized development of this treatment technology in the future.

Objective:To explore the changing characteristics of self-efficacy, social support, psychological stress in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) receiving conservative treatment at different treatment stages and their correlations with the recovery of lower back function.Methods:A total of 116 patients with acute OVCFs who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University were selected from January 2017 to May 2019. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Questionnaire, General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) , Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to assess the lower back function, self-efficacy, social support and psychological stress of OVCFs patients. Questionnaires were filled out during outpatient reexamination or in-home follow-up, and the evaluation time was at the time of treatment and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after conservative treatment. Analysis of variance and SNK- q test were used to explore the characteristics of each score over time, and linear regression analysis was used to explore the effects of GSES, PSSS, and PSS on ODI. Results:With the prolongation of treatment time, ODI, GSES, PSSS and PSS scores of OVCFS patients under conservative treatment showed a downward trend, and the scores at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment were lower than those at 1 month after conservative treatment ( P<0.05) . The scores at 6 and 12 months after conservative treatment were lower than those at 3 months after conservative treatment ( P<0.05) . The scores at 12 months after conservative treatment were lower than that those at 6 months after conservative treatment ( P<0.05) . GSES, PSSS (total score, in-family support, out-of-family support) and PSS were independent influencing factors of ODI at one month after treatment ( P<0.05) . GSES, PSSS (total score, in-family support) and PSS were the influencing factors of ODI at 3 months after treatment ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The self-efficacy and social support of conservatively treated patients with OVCFs are positively correlated with their lower back function, while psychological stress will reduce lower back function of such patients. It is suggested to add these non-physical factors to the rehabilitation nursing model and take appropriate intervention measures.

Objective:To summarize the patient profiles and therapeutic efficacies of ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantations at 19 domestic transplant centers and provide rationales for clinical application of ABOi-KT.Methods:Clinical cases of ABO-incompatible/compatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT/ABOc-KT) from December 2006 to December 2009 were collected. Then, statistical analyses were conducted from the aspects of tissue matching, perioperative managements, complications and survival rates of renal allograft or recipients.Results:Clinical data of 342 ABOi-KT and 779 ABOc-KT indicated that (1) no inter-group differences existed in age, body mass index (BMI), donor-recipient relationship or waiting time of pre-operative dialysis; (2) ABO blood type: blood type O recipients had the longest waiting list and transplantations from blood type A to blood type O accounted for the largest proportion; (3) HLA matching: no statistical significance existed in mismatch rate or positive rate of PRA I/II between two types of surgery; (4) CD20 should be properly used on the basis of different phrases; (5) hemorrhage was a common complication during an early postoperative period and microthrombosis appeared later; (6) no difference existed in postoperative incidence of complications or survival rate of renal allograft and recipients at 1/3/5/10 years between ABOi-KT and ABOc-KT. The acute rejection rate and serum creatinine levels of ABOi-KT recipients were comparable to those of ABOc-KT recipients within 1 year.Conclusions:ABOi-KT is both safe and effective so that it may be applied at all transplant centers as needed.

Objective:To analyze the real work experience of "online nurses" door-to-door services under the Internet model so as to provide a basis for the government and management departments to carry out "Internet + nursing services" work.Methods:According to the phenomenological research method, intentional sampling and the principle of maximum differentiation were used to select 20 nurses who had provided home care services in Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital and hosted community health service center in Ningbo for the semi-structured interview from August to November 2019. The interview data was organized and analyzed using the Colaizzi data analysis method.Results:There were two themes that affected the work experience of "online nurses" nursing service. Among them, the positive factors included the obvious increase in professional values, policy support guarantee, the surge in patient demand, insurance protection and first aid safety guarantee; the negative factors included the unbalanced input and harvest, service costs not included in medical insurance, improper disposal of medical waste, lack of team support, insufficient publicity of "online" nursing services, weak multidisciplinary nursing knowledge, and lack of standardization of "online" nursing medical records.Conclusions:The "online nurses" have positive experiences such as increased professional values in their service experience. At the same time, there are also difficulties such as imbalance in income and expenditure, and insufficient team support. It is necessary to further strengthen the government-hospital-community-enterprise collaboration, gradually improve the "online" nursing service standards from multiple angles and directions, provide a good working environment and the security for online nurses so as to serve society well.

Objective To explore the characteristics of alexithymia and interoception in patients with panic disorder(PD) and its relationship. Methods Thirty-seven patients with PD and 45 healthy con-trols who met the diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅳ were selected. Toronto Alexithymia Scale ( TAS) and state-trait anxiety inventory ( STAI) were used to assess the characteristics of alexithymia and anxiety symptoms respectively. The heartbeat perception levels were tested by the Mental Tracking Paradigm. Results The de-tection rate of alexithymia in patients with panic disorder was 37. 83% (14/37),but the rate in the normal control group was only 4. 44%(2/45),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14. 42,P<0. 05). The total score of TAS (55. 11±10. 99),factor Ⅰ (20. 62±6. 78) and factor Ⅱ (14. 68±3. 70) in the PD group were higher than those in the control group (42. 93± 9. 25,12. 82± 4. 99,11. 42±3. 04; F=20. 72, 31. 08,15. 31,P<0. 01). The levels of the heartbeat perception were higher in the PD group than that in the control group (0. 75±0. 15,0. 58±0. 19;t=4. 13,P<0. 05). In PD group,the score of STAI were positively correlated with TAS total score and factor Ⅰ and Ⅱ scores( r=0. 57,0. 61,0. 47;r=0. 54,0. 62,0. 39,P<0. 05). There was no significant correlation between the scores of STAI and the level of interoception. The mediating effect of interoception level on alexithymia and state anxiety was not significant while the mediating effect on alexithymia and trait anxiety was also not significant. Conclusions The alexithymia detection rate and interoception sensitivity in patients with panic disorder were higher than those of healthy people. There may be interaction between alexithymia and anxiety symptoms. Interoception may be a clinical feature of panic disorder.