Aerosol removal using flame-retardant atomized fixatives, as a major means of aerosol control, has achieved remarkable results in the field of nuclear facility decommissioning and decontamination. Traditional atomized fixatives for aerosol removal have deficiencies in high-temperature resistance and flame retardancy, rendering them inadequate for operational scenarios involving high temperatures and flammability encountered during nuclear decommissioning. This paper investigates the current development of flame-retardant atomized fixatives for aerosol removal both domestically and internationally and presents a preliminary exploration of this technology. The experiments showed that atomized fixatives modified with flame-retardant properties not only maintained excellent aerosol capture efficiency, but also exhibited significantly improved flame-retardant performance. This confirmed the technical feasibility of the proposed approach. Finally, suggestions and reflections are proposed for the development of this technology and its application in nuclear facility decommissioning.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)in the long bones of the limbs in children.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 23 children with long bones of the limbs were analyzed retrospectively.X-ray examinations were performed in 21 cases,CT scans in 16 cases,and MRI scans in 19 cases.Results The lesions were located in femur in 14 cases,tibia in 3 cases,fibula in 2 cases,humerus in 1 case,ulna in 2 cases,and both tibia and fibula in 1 case.Lesions were found in the diaphysis in 16 cases and the metaphysis in 7 cases(involving the epiphysis in 2 cases).Bone destruction appeared as oval,irregular,or eccentric shapes,with clear boundaries in 17 cases,blurred boundaries in 6 cases,and sclerosis in 6 cases.The average CT value was(48.27±8.20)HU,with"gear-like"changes in the axial view in 10 cases."Sleeve-like"periosteal reaction was observed in 14 cases,localized periosteal reaction in 5 cases,and no periosteal reaction in 4 cases.The lesions showed iso-or slightly hypointense signals on T1 WI,hyperintense signals on T2 WI,and hyperintense signals on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI),with an average apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value of(1.26±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s.Soft tissue masses were found in 7 cases.After enhancement,moderate to marked enhancement was observed in 9 cases,with lace-like enhancement in 6 cases.Among the 17 cases followed up,13 cases returned to normal or had only residual bone cortical thickening,3 cases showed a reduction in lesion size,and 1 case died.Conclusion The imaging features of LCH in the long bones in children have certain characteristics,but can still be easily confused with infections or malignant bone tumors.A comprehensive analysis combining clinical and imaging features is necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy.

This report described the multidisciplinary management of a preterm infant with congenital tracheal agenesis (TA). The infant, delivered via cesarean section at 32 +5 weeks' gestation, had Apgar scores of 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Although skin color improved after 30 seconds of bag-mask ventilation, the infant exhibited no cry, weak spontaneous breathing, and failed multiple intubation attempts. The patient was transferred to Anhui Children's Hospital of Fudan University under continuous bag-mask positive-pressure ventilation at 3 hours after birth (September 10, 2024). Combined imaging and fiberoptic bronchoscopy confirmed TA (Floyd type Ⅱ/Faro type C) with multiple anomalies, including duodenal atresia, aortic coarctation, and butterfly vertebrae. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a suspected mosaic SCN2A c.5317G>A variant (wild-type parents) and an ERCC5 c.2974C>T heterozygous variant inherited from the mother (homozygous). Following esophageal intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation, and continuous gastrointestinal decompression, respiratory distress significantly improved with a stabilized condition. The infant died 30 hours after birth following treatment withdrawal.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)in the long bones of the limbs in children.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 23 children with long bones of the limbs were analyzed retrospectively.X-ray examinations were performed in 21 cases,CT scans in 16 cases,and MRI scans in 19 cases.Results The lesions were located in femur in 14 cases,tibia in 3 cases,fibula in 2 cases,humerus in 1 case,ulna in 2 cases,and both tibia and fibula in 1 case.Lesions were found in the diaphysis in 16 cases and the metaphysis in 7 cases(involving the epiphysis in 2 cases).Bone destruction appeared as oval,irregular,or eccentric shapes,with clear boundaries in 17 cases,blurred boundaries in 6 cases,and sclerosis in 6 cases.The average CT value was(48.27±8.20)HU,with"gear-like"changes in the axial view in 10 cases."Sleeve-like"periosteal reaction was observed in 14 cases,localized periosteal reaction in 5 cases,and no periosteal reaction in 4 cases.The lesions showed iso-or slightly hypointense signals on T1 WI,hyperintense signals on T2 WI,and hyperintense signals on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI),with an average apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value of(1.26±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s.Soft tissue masses were found in 7 cases.After enhancement,moderate to marked enhancement was observed in 9 cases,with lace-like enhancement in 6 cases.Among the 17 cases followed up,13 cases returned to normal or had only residual bone cortical thickening,3 cases showed a reduction in lesion size,and 1 case died.Conclusion The imaging features of LCH in the long bones in children have certain characteristics,but can still be easily confused with infections or malignant bone tumors.A comprehensive analysis combining clinical and imaging features is necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy.

This report described the multidisciplinary management of a preterm infant with congenital tracheal agenesis (TA). The infant, delivered via cesarean section at 32 +5 weeks' gestation, had Apgar scores of 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Although skin color improved after 30 seconds of bag-mask ventilation, the infant exhibited no cry, weak spontaneous breathing, and failed multiple intubation attempts. The patient was transferred to Anhui Children's Hospital of Fudan University under continuous bag-mask positive-pressure ventilation at 3 hours after birth (September 10, 2024). Combined imaging and fiberoptic bronchoscopy confirmed TA (Floyd type Ⅱ/Faro type C) with multiple anomalies, including duodenal atresia, aortic coarctation, and butterfly vertebrae. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a suspected mosaic SCN2A c.5317G>A variant (wild-type parents) and an ERCC5 c.2974C>T heterozygous variant inherited from the mother (homozygous). Following esophageal intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation, and continuous gastrointestinal decompression, respiratory distress significantly improved with a stabilized condition. The infant died 30 hours after birth following treatment withdrawal.

Objective To explore the application value of polidocanol foam combined with absolute ethanol in the treatment of lower extremity venous malformation(VM)in children.Methods The clinical data of 20 children with lower extremity VM were analyzed retrospectively.All of these children were diagnosed with VM of lower extremity by MRI and were treated with digital subtraction angiography(DSA)guided percutaneous sclerotherapy.Different hardening agents were selected according to the classification,the size of the lesion range and the flow rate during the operation.The VM with small lesions range,shallow location and slower velocity were treated with polidocanol foam only,while the VM with larger lesion range and faster velocity were combined treated with abso-lute ethanol.Clinical symptoms and MRI were used to evaluate the curative effect one month after operation.Results Twenty chil-dren received sclerotherapy.After the treatment,15 cases were cured,3 cases showed significantly effective,and 2 cases were effec-tive.Some of the children had pain and swelling of different degrees within 48 hours after operation,who were given symptomatic treatment,and the symptoms disappeared in the short time.The skin of the lesion ulcerated in one case and the ulceration healed after treatment.Conclusion Polidocanol foam combined with absolute ethanol is safe and effective in the treatment of lower extremity VM in children,and the combination can improve the curative effect and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Objective To explore the possibility of MR Ti-mapping imaging technology to provide additional indicators for clinical quantitative evaluation of renal function in children with renal insufficiency.Methods A total of 13 children with renal insufficiency diagnosed and underwent renal function MRI examination were selected(renal insufficiency group),and 23 children with normal renal function were included as the control group.The difference of renal cortex T1 value between the control group and the renal insuffi-ciency group was compared,and the correlation between renal cortex T1 value and biochemical indexes such as serum creatinine(SCr)and cystatin C(CysC)in the renal insufficiency group was analyzed.Results There was significant difference in T1 value of renal cortex between the renal insufficiency group and the control group(P＜0.01).The correlation between T1 value of renal cortex and SCr and CysC in renal insufficiency group was higher(r=0.75,P＜0.01;r=0.68,P＜0.01).Conclusion MR T1-mapping technol-ogy can non-invasively monitor the renal function status of children with renal insufficiency,and has a suggestive value for clinical quantitative evaluation of renal function in children.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of interventional embolization in the treatment of giant infant parotid hemangioma.Methods The clinical data of 17 cases of giant infant parotid hemangioma were analyzed retrospectively.All childrens were performed relevant preoperative examination and CT enhancement examination,with no absolute contraindications for the treat-ment.Interventional embolization was performed under static aspiration compound anesthesia,propranolol was given orally on the same postoperative day.One month after surgery,the clinical effect was evaluated according to the clinical symptoms and ultrasound examination.Results A total of 18 interventional embolization were performed on 17 childrens,who were followed up for 6 months after surgery.The tumor body shrank by more than 80％,after treatment,the child had a symmetrical facial face,no soft tissue rupture,and normal skin color with no impairment of the parotid gland and facial nerve function.Conclusion Interventional embolization is safe and effective in the treatment of giant infant parotid hemangioma,and can become one of the preferred treatment methods for giant infant parotid hemangioma.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with propranolol for treating giant infantile hepatic hemangioma(IHH).Methods Ten infants with giant IHH who underwent TACE combined with propranolol were retrospectively enrolled.The technical success rate,complications and recurrence were recorded.The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to clinical symptoms and changes of IHH volume before and 6 months after TACE.Results Totally 15 times of TACE were successfully performed in 10 infants,with technical success rate of 100%.Bleomycin-lipiodol emulsion+poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)+coil embolization were performed in 3 cases,while bleomycin-lipiodol emulsion+PVA embolization were performed in 7 cases.Complications of TACE included subcutaneous hematoma around the puncture site in 1 case and transient hypothermia within 24 h after TACE in 2 cases,all alleviated after symptomatic treatments.No other complication occurred.Six months after the last TACE,significantly effective was observed in 9 cases(9/10,90.00%),while effective was noticed in 1 case(1/10,10.00%),with total therapeutic effective rate of 100%.No serious complication such as gallbladder necrosis,liver necrosis,death,nor recurrence of hepatic hemangioma occurred during follow-up.Conclusion TACE combined with propranolol was effective and safe for treating giant IHH.

Objective Nowadays, radioactive xenon isotopes, including ^131mXe, ^133mXe, ¹³³Xe, and ¹³⁵Xe, are primarily released into the atmosphere through various reactor operation and major accidents of reactors. To improve the online monitoring capability of xenon in nuclear facilities and their gaseous effluents, a highly sensitive online xenon monitoring system was developed to monitor, warn, and alarm the activity concentration of radioactive xenon. Methods The online monitoring system for radioactive xenon gas in nuclear facilities was established using xenon membrane separation and concentration, xenon high-efficiency selective adsorption, and low-background gamma-ray spectrometry analysis methods. Results Under the operation mode of one-hour sampling and one-hour measuring, the minimum detectable activity concentration of the radioactive xenon online monitoring system for ¹³³Xe was approximately (1.43 ± 0.03) Bq/m³. Conclusion This system can be effectively used for online monitoring of xenon activity concentration in nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants and isotope production reactors, as well as in gaseous effluents. It helps improve the safety level of personnel, the environment, and nuclear facilities.