BackgroundCognitive function is closely related to an individual's quality of life and social functioning， with approximately 20%~35% of patients with depressive disorder experiencing some degree of cognitive impairment even after clinical symptom remission. Existing evidence suggests that tACS can improve specific cognitive domains， such as memory function， while its effects on other cognitive dimensions， such as executive functioning， attention， and information processing speed， remain unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the effects of tACS on the multidimensional cognitive functions and emotional problems of patients with depressive disorder， thus to provide references for the treatment of depressive disorder. MethodsForty-nine patients with depressive disorder who were hospitalized in the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu from November 2022 to October 2024 and met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， were selected as study participants. Subjects were randomly divided into study group （n=23） and control group （n=26） based on Microsoft Excel. Both groups received sertraline treatment. The initial dose was 50 mg/day， which gradually titrated upward based on individual variability， drug tolerance， and therapeutic response， with a maintenance dose ranging from 100 to 200 mg/day. In addition， the study group underwent tACS therapy for 4 weeks， with 5 sessions per week， each lasting 20 minutes. The control group received sham stimulation， in which the stimulus was interrupted after the first 30 seconds. At baseline， the 4^th week， and the 12^th week of treatment， patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）， and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB）. ResultsRepeated measures analysis of variance indicated that both the time effect and the time×group interaction effect for HAMD-17 scores were statistically significant between the two groups （F=260.437， 25.309， P<0.01）. At week 12 of treatment， the HAMD-17 score in the study group was lower than that in the control group （t=4.236， P<0.01）. For HAMA scores， the time effect， group effect， and time×group interaction effect were all statistically significant between the two groups （F=248.082， 4.506， 9.500， P<0.05 or 0.01）. At weeks 4 and 12， study group reported lower HAMA scores compared with control group （t=4.580， 2.608， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Regarding the MCCB scores for attention/vigilance， verbal learning， and overall composite， the time effect， group effect， and time×group interaction effect were all statistically significant between the two groups （F=70.331， 27.882， 51.679， 5.560， 10.948， 7.860， 8.490， 3.874， 5.025， P<0.05 or 0.01）. After intervention， the study group showed significantly higher MCCB scores for attention/vigilance， verbal learning， and overall composite at both week 4 （t=-2.149， -3.530， -2.740， P<0.05） and week 12 （t=-3.534， -3.576， -3.838， P<0.01） when compared to the control group. ConclusionThe combined tACS and sertraline therapy may demonstrate superior efficacy to pharmacotherapy alone in the short term for improving attention/vigilance， verbal learning， overall cognitive function， and anxiety symptoms in patients with depressive disorders. Based on the 12-week outcomes， the combined tACS and sertraline therapy not only sustaine its previously observed advantages in improving cognitive domains and anxiety symptoms， but also demonstrate potentially superior efficacy over monotherapy in alleviating depressive symptoms. ［Fund by Clinical Medical Research Transformation Special Project of Anhui Province （number， 202204295107020065）］

BackgroundThe schizophrenia is majorly treated with drug and through physical therapy. However， both treatments would lead to adverse reactions， which could affect therapy adherence and treatment efficacy. Previous studies have shown that aerobic exercise can help alleviate cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease and depressive disorder. At present， little research has been done on such alleviation in schizophrenia patients. ObjectiveTo explore the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in male patients with chronic schizophrenia， so as to provide references for relevant treatments. MethodsA total of 76 male patients with chronic schizophrenia hospitalized in the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu between December 2022 and April 2023 were selected as the study subjects and， in accordance with random number table， divided into study group （n=36） and control group （n=40）. Both groups received conventional drug treatment. On this basis， the study group received a 60-minute aerobic exercise 5 times a week for 8 weeks as intervention. Before and after intervention， assessment of cognitive function was performed by using MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） and Stroop Color Word Test （SCWT）. ResultAfter intervention， compared with the control group， the study group spent less time on finishing the Trail Making Test and scored higher in both the spatial span test and maze test （Z=-2.070， -2.306， -2.375， P<0.05）. Repeated measure ANOVA results showed that the time main effect of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test score was statistically significant in the two groups after intervention （F=39.067， P<0.05）. So was the interaction effect between the time and group of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test and Verbal Fluency Test scores （F=10.092， 9.252， P<0.05）. After intervention， the scores of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test and Verbal Fluency Test in the study group were higher than those in the control group （t=6.689， 4.249， P<0.05）. As for the study group itself， the scores were higher than those before intervention （t=23.746， 23.842， P<0.05）. After intervention， the numbers of correct reading in color test and word test in the study group were more than those in the control group （Z=-2.358， -2.771， P<0.05）. The interaction effect between the time and group of the reaction time in color test， word test and color word interference test were statistically significant in both groups （F=23.383， 19.888， 19.662， P<0.05）. After intervention， the reaction time in color test and color word interference test of the study group was shorter than those of the control group （t=4.895， 6.163， P<0.05）. As for the study group itself， the reaction time were shorter than before intervention （t=54.318， 42.425， 42.141， P<0.01）. ConclusionAerobic exercise may help alleviate the cognitive problems in male patients with chronic schizophrenia in terms of information processing speed， working memory， reasoning/problem solving ability， word learning and memorizing， visual learning and memorizing， and executive function. ［Funded by Wuhu Science and Technology Plan Project （number， 2021jc2-3）］

OBJECTIVE: To study the polymorphism of human platelet antigen (HPA) system 10 among ethnic Han Chinese from Shandong, China so as to supplement the data of platelet donor bank in the region. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples of platelet donors from the region were genotyped for HPA-10 alleles by PCR-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) and direct sequencing. RESULTS: Among 1401 donors, a rare heterozygote carrier of HPA-10w (a+b+) was identified, which gave an allelic frequency of approximately 0.035%. CONCLUSION The detection of rare HPA-10bw antigen allele among ethnic Han Chinese from Shandong is useful for the diagnosis and prevention of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and post-transfusion purpura in the region.
Alleles ; Antigens, Human Platelet/genetics* ; Asians/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVE: To characterize a novel HLA allele, A*24:191, its DNA sequence, MHC modeling structure, and the possible influence of the amino-acid residue variations on the molecule. METHODS: The HLA sequence was determined by Luminex PCR-SSO and PCR-SBT. Its MHC molecular structure and the possible effects of the amino-acid residue variations were modeled and analyzed with Phyre2, RCSB PDB and HistoCheck software. RESULTS: The PCR-SBT revealed the novel A*24:191 differs from A*24:02 in exon 2 at position 256, 265, 270 with G>C, G>C, A>T. The MHC molecular structure prediction showed that, compared with A*24:02, the 62nd residue of A*24:191 changed from the acidic E to a neutral Q, both with the side chain extending outside the α helix pointing forward the groove, (Risler's score, R=2), the 65th changed from the smaller neutral G extending inside the helix to a basic R with a long-chain extending upward outside the helix (R=52), and the 66th changed from the basic K to a neutral N both with a long side chain extending inside the groove (R=31). The above residues are located on the α helix of the α 1 domain which constituting the side wall of the peptide-binding groove. The DSS Score=3.85. From the surface image of the molecule, it can be clearly seen that the variations of the properties, sizes and configurations of the residues caused significant changes in the shape of the surface structure of the α helix. CONCLUSION It suggested that the residue variations are likely to change the peptide binding properties as well as the TCR and antibody binding characteristics of the molecule.
Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; HLA-A Antigens ; Humans ; Peptides ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation

OBJECTIVETo report on a novel HLA-A allele, A*29:49, identified in a Chinese Han population by sequence based typing (SBT).

METHODSA donor from China Marrow Donor Programme (CMDP) was typed with a bi-allelic PCR-SBT kit, and no full matched result was obtained for the HLA-A locus. The novel HLA allele was verified with an allele-specific amplification SBT kit.

RESULTSA novel HLA-A allele was identified, which has differed by one nucleotide from the closest matched allele, HLA-A*29:01:01:01, at position 368(A→T), codon 99 (TAT→TTT), resulting in an amino acid substitution (Y→F). Another allele was verified as A*02:06:01.

CONCLUSIONA novel HLA-A allele was identified and officially named as HLA-A*29:49 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.

Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; Humans ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the polymorphisms of human platelet antigen (HPA) 1-16 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A and -B loci among ethnic Han population from Shandong.

METHODSA total of 588 samples from platelet donors were genotyped for the above loci with sequence-specific primer PCR and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe PCR.

RESULTSThe frequencies of HPA-la, -1b, HPA-2a, -2b, HPA-3a, -3b, HPA-4a, -4b, HPA-5a, -5b, HPA-6a, -6b, HPA-15a, -15b were 0.9974, 0.0026, 0.9456, 0.0544, 0.5417, 0.4583, 0.9983, 0.0017, 0.9889, 0.0111, 0.9903, 0.0097, 0.5434 and 0.4583, respectively. The HPA-7-14 and HPA-16 showed no heterozygosity as the b allele was not detected in such loci. The most common genotypic combination for HPA was HPA-(1,4,7-14,16,17) aa-2aa-3ab-5aa -6aa-15ab (0.1820). HLA-A2 (0.3070) and HLA-B13 (0.1361) demonstrated the highest frequencies at their respective loci.

CONCLUSIONThe HPA and HLA loci are highly polymorphic among ethnic Hans from Shandong. The distribution of HPA polymorphisms also shows a great ethnic and territorial difference. It is important to construct regional database for the genotypes of HPA and HLA loci for platelet donors.

Alleles ; Antigens, Human Platelet ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; statistics & numerical data ; Blood Donors ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo explore the cerebral function laterality of acupuncture at left and right Hegu (LI 4) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and provide objective evidences for side selection of Hegu (LI 4) in the clinical application.

METHODSEighty healthy volunteers were randomly divided into a left-acupoint group and a right-acupoint group, and they were treated with acupuncture at left Hegu (LI 4) and right Hegu (LI 4) respectively. After the arrival of qi, the task-state fMRI data in both groups was collected, and analysis of functional neuroimages (AFNI) software was used to perform intra-group and between-group comparisons. After acupuncture, acupuncture feelings were recorded and MGH acupuncture sensation scale (MASS) was recorded.

RESULTSThe difference of MASS between the two groups was not significant (P>0. 05). The result of left-acupoint group showed an increased signal on right cerebral hemisphere, while the right-acupoint group showed extensive signal changes in both cerebral hemispheres. The analysis between left-acupoint group and retroflex right-acupoint group showed differences in brain areas.

CONCLUSIONSThe central effect of acupuncture at left and right Hegu (LI 4) is dissymmetry, indicating right hemisphere laterality. The right lobus insularis and cingulate gyrus may be the key regions in the acupuncture at Hegu (LI 4).

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Sensation ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo verify 3 novel HLA-A alleles A*24:224, A*24:225 and A*24:257 identified in Chinese Han individuals.

METHODSNo full matched results were obtained at HLA-A locus in HLA typing for China Marrow Donor Program (CMDP) using bi-allelic Sequence-Based Typing (SBT). The novel HLA alleles were identified with allele-specific amplification SBT.

RESULTSAll of the three probands had a novel nucleotide sequence at HLA-A locus. All of the 3 new sequences are most close to HLA-A*24:02:01:01 except for 1 or 2 nucleotide substitution in exon 2, which resulted in different changes in corresponding codons and encoded amino acids.

CONCLUSIONThree novel HLA-A alleles were confirmed and officially named as HLA-A*24:224, HLA-A*24:225 and HLA-A*24:257 under the GenBank accession numbers JQ899198, JQ924283 and HG003642 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System in November 2012 and November 2013, respectively.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; ethnology ; Genetics, Population ; HLA-A24 Antigen ; genetics ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo confirm 17 rare HLA alleles detected during routine HLA typing and deduce their haplotypes.

METHODSBi-allelic sequence-based typing and Luminex DNA PCR-SSOP assay were applied for the initial or repeat HLA typing, respectively. The rare HLA alleles were confirmed with mono-allelic sequence-based typing. Predicted haplotypes of the rare alleles were inferred based on the frequencies of HLA alleles and haplotypes in Han population.

RESULTSThe authenticity of the total 17 rare HLA alleles was proven, and 18 predicted haplotypes associated with the rare alleles were recognized. A*11:12 and DRB1*13:19 were detected twice among unrelated individuals.

CONCLUSIONStudy of rare HLA alleles and predicted haplotype can provide useful information for donor searching and transplantation, and enrich polymorphisms of HLA in this population.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans

Objective To analyze the distribution of HLA-C alleles in Shandong Han population of China.Methods One hundred and fifty unrelated potential donors,self-claimed as Han population from Shandong province,were selected from China Marrow Donor Program.Genotypes of HLA-C with the donors were identified by PCR-SBT.The frequencies of allele were calculated with direct counting method and the differences with other populations were analyzed with SPSS16.0 x2 software.Results A total of 25 alleles of HLA-C were observed and the most common alleles were C * 06:02 and C * 07:02 with the frequency of more than 10.00％.Moreover,there were 16 kinds of alleles with the frequency of more than 1.00％ accounting for 95.33％ of the total alleles.The distribution of HLA-C alleles in Shandong Han population was similar to that in northern Han population,but had some differences with that in southern Han population.In addition,the distribution of HLA-C alleles in Shandong Han population significantly differed from that of German/African American.Conclusion This study on the distribution of HLA-C alleles in Shandong Han population provides valuable references for further studies on the genetics of HLA,cross-match for organ transplantation and other genetic-associated diseases in this population.