Movement disorder, as a presentation of an acute or chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) occur in less than five percent of CVD cases. Although a rare presentation of CVDs, stroke is a common etiology of secondary movement disorder. Hemichorea is particularly prevalent following stroke. The objectives of this report are to (1) present nine cases of sudden-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders manifested in acute and chronic stroke patients (2) emphasize the importance of early diagnosis by clinical signs and symptoms identified through computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and (3) determine the different anatomic locations involved in this disorder. Hemichorea is the most common hyperkinetic movement disorder seen after stroke with a predilection in older age. It demonstrated that deep vascular lesions had a greater probability of developing movement disorder. Hemichorea-hemiballismus with abrupt onset should be approached as an acute stroke until other potential causes are ruled out. The exact pathophysiology of these abnormal movements remains unclear, although some theories propose dysfunction within the motor circuitry pathway. While many cases resolve spontaneously, medical or surgical interventions may be necessary to manage symptoms, potentially influencing long-term outcomes.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged: 65-79 Yrs Old ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Movement Disorders ; Chorea ; Hemiballismus ; Dyskinesias ; Stroke

Movement disorder, as a presentation of an acute or chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) occur in less than five percent of CVD cases. Although a rare presentation of CVDs, stroke is a common etiology of secondary movement disorder. Hemichorea is particularly prevalent following stroke. The objectives of this report are to (1) present nine cases of sudden-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders manifested in acute and chronic stroke patients (2) emphasize the importance of early diagnosis by clinical signs and symptoms identified through computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and (3) determine the different anatomic locations involved in this disorder. Hemichorea is the most common hyperkinetic movement disorder seen after stroke with a predilection in older age. It demonstrated that deep vascular lesions had a greater probability of developing movement disorder. Hemichorea-hemiballismus with abrupt onset should be approached as an acute stroke until other potential causes are ruled out. The exact pathophysiology of these abnormal movements remains unclear, although some theories propose dysfunction within the motor circuitry pathway. While many cases resolve spontaneously, medical or surgical interventions may be necessary to manage symptoms, potentially influencing long-term outcomes.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged: 65-79 Yrs Old ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Movement Disorders ; Chorea ; Hemiballismus ; Dyskinesias ; Stroke

Systemic lupus erythematosus combined with chorea is relatively rare in China,and there are no unified diagnostic criteria or specific ancillary tests.Therefore,it is confirmed by exclusionary clinical diagnosis.To improve the understanding of this disease among rheumatologists,we report the clinical data of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus combined with chorea admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University in January 2022.Furthermore,we review the relevant literature in the past 10 years and summarize the clinical features of these cases.
Humans ; Chorea/diagnosis* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications* ; China ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals

Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. More than 100 cases have been reported worldwide, but few cases have been reported in China. In December 2018, a boy with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome, aged 3 years and 10 months, was admitted to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University due to repeated cough for more than 3 years. In infancy of the boy, psychomotor retardation, repeated cough, and hypothyroidism were found. Gene detection showed that there was c.927delc heterozygous variation in NKX2-1 gene (NM-001079668: exon3: c.927delC). The variation of this gene locus has not been reported in relevant literature so far, which indicates a new mutation. According to the above clinical manifestations and examination results, the boy was diagnosed as brain-lung-thyroid syndrome, which mainly characterized by nervous system disorders, accompanied by respiratory manifestations and hypothyroidism. The boy was treated with oral dopasehydrazine to relieve tremor and levothyroxine sodium tablets to relieve hypothyroidism. Anti-infection, atomization, rehabilitation training and other symptomatic supporting treatment were also administered. The boy's language and movement have improved, the thyroid hormone level is normal, and there are still repeated respiratory tract infections.
Athetosis/genetics* ; Chorea ; Congenital Hypothyroidism/genetics* ; Cough ; Humans ; Male ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1/genetics*

Chorea/etiology* ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis* ; Phototherapy

INTRODUCTION: Nonketotic hyperglycemia among type 2 diabetic patients have recently been documented to cause the rare movement disorder called Hemichorea-hemiballism syndrome which is a hyperkinetic movement disorder presenting as a continuous, non-patterned, involuntary movements caused by a basal ganglia dysfunction. METHODS: A 76-year-old male with a known history of hypertension and no history of stroke and diabetes presented with a 10-day history of increasingly persistent involuntary movements of the right extremities. On admission, the patient was conscious with stable vital signs and unremarkable neurologic findings except for the involuntary flailing movements of the right extremities. Diagnostic testing revealed first documentation of hyperglycemia with brain MRI changes on T1 hyperintensity signals on the basal ganglia and T2/FLAIR weighted imaging showing mixed hypointense and hyperintense signals which is a classical MRI finding in patients with HC-HB syndrome caused by nonketotic hyperglycemia. The patient was treated for diabetes and was maintained on anti-dopaminergic medications for the uncontrollable involuntary movements. After five months, resolution of the hemiballism-hemichorea syndrome was noted after appropriate treatment. CONCLUSION: This case report highlights hemichoreahemiballism syndrome in a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient who had normal glucose levels at presentation. The prompt recognition and correction of uncontrolled newly diagnosed diabetes and administration of anti-dopamine agents lead to a rapid improvement of symptoms, less neurologic sequelae and an overall favorable prognosis.
Chorea ; Dyskinesias ; Hyperglycemia ; Basal Ganglia Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Basal Ganglia

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the zona incerta has shown promising results in the reduction of medically refractory movement disorders. However, evidence supporting its efficacy in movement disorders secondary to hemorrhagic stroke or hemichoreoathetosis is limited. We describe a 48-year-old man who developed progressive hemichoreoathetosis with an arrhythmic, proximal tremor in his right arm following a thalamic hemorrhagic stroke. Pharmacological treatment was carried out with no change in the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) score after 4 weeks (14). After six sessions of botulinum toxin treatment, a subtle improvement in the AIMS score (13) was registered, but no clinical improvement was noted. The arrhythmic proximal movements were significantly improved after DBS of the zona incerta with a major decrease in the patient’s AIMS score (8). The response to DBS occurring after the failure of pharmacological and botulinum toxin treatments suggests that zona incerta DBS may be an alternative for postthalamic hemorrhage movement disorders.
Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale ; Arm ; Botulinum Toxins ; Chorea ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Hemorrhage ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Movement Disorders ; Stroke ; Tremor ; Zona Incerta

No abstract available.
Chorea ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

No abstract available.
Chorea ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome

Hemiballismus, a subtype of chorea, is a rare movement disorder, and is most commonly found secondary to stroke. Movements are involuntary, violent, coarse, and have a wide amplitude. There is increasing report of hemiballismus occurring in non-ketotic hyperglycemia. Spontaneous improvements or remissions were observed in many patients, and treatment should be directed towards the cause of hemiballismus. There is no randomized control trial to guide clinicians in deciding the best treatment option when managing hemiballismus. Symptomatic treatment includes the use of drugs such as dopamine receptor blocker and tetrabenazine. Surgical treatment is reserved for severe, persistent, and disabling hemiballismus. This case is of an elderly woman with long standing uncontrolled diabetes who presented with abnormal movement in her left upper limb for 2 months, which resolved slowly with good control of her glucose levels. Treating physicians need to have a high index of suspicion to prevent mismanagement of the condition.
Aged ; Chorea ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Dyskinesias* ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Movement Disorders ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Stroke ; Tetrabenazine ; Upper Extremity