Background: Cisplatin is a widely used platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, but its gonadotoxic effects can damage ovarian tissue, oocytes, and developing follicles and may lead to primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are being investigated as a potential regenerative treatment because of their paracrine, anti-apoptotic, and tissue-repair effects. Aim: To evaluate the effect of ADSC therapy on estrous cyclicity, body weight, and ovarian follicular morphology in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced POI. Materials and Methods: Thirty 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were included. Six mice received saline as controls, while 24 mice received cisplatin 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily for 10 days to induce POI. After POI induction, cisplatin-exposed animals were continued as an untreated POI group (n=15) or an ADSC-treatment group (n=9). The ADSC group received 1×10⁶ cells suspended in 0.2 mL medium via the tail vein. Body weight and vaginal cytology were monitored daily, and estrous stages were classified as proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. Ovaries were collected for histologic evaluation at the end of the study. Result: After cisplatin exposure, mean estrous cycle length increased from 3.97 days in controls to 6.4 days in the POI group (p<0.05). During the post-treatment evaluation, mean cycle length was 5.65 days in untreated POI mice (n=4) and 4.5 days in ADSC-treated mice (n=7), representing a statistically significant improvement after ADSC therapy (p=0.013). Cisplatin caused significant body-weight loss, reaching a mean of 18.0 g on day 6 after completion of cisplatin administration (p<0.01). Histologically, untreated POI ovaries showed follicular atrophy and prominent degenerative changes, whereas ADSC-treated ovaries showed more morphologically preserved primary, secondary, and antral follicles and relatively fewer degenerative changes. Exploratory manual counting in three representative whole-ovary sections per group showed total intact/growing follicle counts of 15.00±2.65 in controls, 6.00±2.00 in POI, and 8.67±2.89 in ADSC-treated ovaries. Conclusion ADSC treatment was associated with partial restoration of estrous cyclicity and ovarian follicular development in a cisplatin-induced POI mouse model. These findings support further investigation of ADSC-based regenerative therapy for chemotherapy-associated ovarian injury.

Background: Evaluation of genotoxic potential is essential for reducing carcinogenic risk and for assessing the safety of newly developed pharmaceutical products, traditional herbal medicines, and health supplements. Such evaluation plays an important role in protecting human health. Therefore, in Mongolia, it is necessary to investigate the safety of domestically produced pharmaceutical preparations, natural products, and traditional medicines on a scientific basis in accordance with international standards; to develop and implement national policies and standards; to introduce and localize appropriate methodologies; to protect human health; to prevent cancer, hereditary diseases, and longterm adverse effects; and to promote the rational use of medicines. Aim: To investigate the mutagenic properties of an herbal combination preparation in vitro and its genotoxic effects in vivo. Materials and Methods: Extracts were prepared from Dasiphora fruticosa, Cynara scolymus, and Rosa acicularis, and a herbal combination preparation was formulated in specific proportions. Mutagenicity was evaluated according to OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test) using the Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain under both S9 (-) and S9 (+) conditions with the Muta-Chromoplate™ assay. The combination preparation was tested at concentrations of 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125, and 0.1562 mg/mL in 96 wells, and reverse-mutated bacterial colonies were assessed by counting the number of wells that changed color from purple to yellow. In addition, using the IPHASE Biosciences kit, the preparation was tested at doses of 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125, and 0.1562 mg/plate on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 strains under both S9 (-) and S9 (+) conditions. After incubation, the number of bacterial colonies formed was counted and compared with that of the positive control group. Genotoxicity was assessed according to OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test) by evaluating the numbers of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs), and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow of BALB/c mice. Result: In the study using the Muta-Chromoplate™ assay, bacterial colonies were observed at doses ranging from 5.0 to 0.1562 mg/mL of the herbal combination preparation. However, compared with the positive control group (aminoanthracene), the number of bacterial colonies was significantly lower (p<0.05). In the study using the IPHASE Biosciences kit, 30–154 bacterial colonies were observed in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains under S9 (-/+) conditions at doses ranging from 5.0 to 0.156 mg/plate, which was approximately threefold lower than that observed in the positive control groups. In the positive control group treated with cyclophosphamide, the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was increased. Conclusion The herbal combination preparation showed no mutagenic activity in either of the two mutation detection assays using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains under S9 (-/+) conditions. In addition, it showed no genotoxic effect in the micronucleus assay.

According to international medical organizations, the use of efferent therapy that COVID-19 convalescent plasma has shown some results.
Convalescent plasma that contains antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2. This is being studied for administration to patients with COVID-19. Use of convalescent plasma has been studied in outbreak of other respiratory infections, including the 2003 SARS-CoV-1, the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza virus, and the 2012 MERS-CoV.
Although promising, convalescent plasma has not yet been shown to be safety and efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in clinical trials.
Plasmapheresis and membrane plasmapheresis of efferent therapy has been used in clinical toxicology since 1995, in Mongolia.

Outcomes of the retinopathy of prematurity screening and treatment in Mongolia Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease characterized by abnormal retinal vasculature that can have devastating visual consequences. Despite evidence that early detection and treatment can prevent blindness, ROP remains a leading cause of pediatric blindness worldwide. We aimed at investigating the outcomes of ROP screening, intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and laser surgery in the treatment ROP and describe an evidence-based and specific process for identifying birth weight and gestational age screening guidelines in Mongolia utilizing telemedicine. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective of prematurity infants screened ROP from 2012 September to July 2020 and prospective cohort study of premature infants with treatment-requiring ROP who received intravitreal injections, laser surgery and combined therapy from 2015 December 01 to January 31, 2017. Demographic factors, diagnosis and clinical course were recorded in a de-identified manner using REDCap, a secure, web-based platform to collect image and demographic data. The IRB approved the study protocol not requiring parental consent due to the de-identified nature of the data which was used for program monitoring purposes. Indirect ophthalmoscopy and Retinal imaging was performed using RetCam (Natus Medical, Pleasanton, CA) and images were uploaded to the web-based platform which could be accessed by the Mongolian ophthalmologist for reference. Each eye was evaluated by the local Mongolian ophthalmologist for the presence or absence of ROP, zone of vascularization, stage, plus disease, and aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP). The diagnosis and classification of ROP for this current study were determined by examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy, and treatment plans were determined according to the International Classification for ROP and the Early Treatment for ROP Study (ET-ROP).2,13 Regression analysis to determine association between BW and GA and the development of ROP. Results: A total of 9126 premature infants with BW ≤ 2500 g and/or GA ≤ 36 weeks were screened for ROP during the study period. 327 (3.5%) of the 9126 infants screened required treatment. The193 infants who received ROP screening had a mean GA of 30.09 ± 1.7 weeks, and mean BW of 1500.3 ± 125.42g. The BW of infants in this study ranged from 750g to 2000g, and the GA at birth ranged from 25 to 35 weeks. The BW of infants in this study ranged from 750g to 2000g, and the GA at birth ranged from 25 to 35 weeks. There were 96 boys (49.7%) and 97 girls (50.3%). Among infants receiving treatment, the highest BW was 2000g (born at 31 weeks GA), and the oldest was 34 weeks (with a BW of 1300g). The distribution of birth weight and gestational age in Mongolia was similar to other low-middle income countries, with higher birth weight and older gestational age. As birth weight and gestational age decreased, relative risk of developing ROP increased. Conclusions: After treatment, resolution of ROP was noted in approximately 90 % of the patients who had treatment-requiring ROP. 10 % of patients treated with IVB, IVR, Laser surgery and combined therapy however, did not respond and progressed to retinal detachment. This prospective study provides information about the development of ROP in preterm infants in the capital city of Mongolia. The distributions of BW and GA among infants developing ROP in Mongolia differ from those found in higher-income countries, and are comparable to other low and middle-income countries. We used a secure, web-based data collection and retrieval system that could be extended to multiple countries, which is now equipped with a telemedicine platform enabling remote grading of fundus images.

AbstractIntroduction: In recent years, researchers have paid attention to the biological active products fromraw materials of animal origin. Lyophilized bovine bile and bovine liver hydrolyze and varieties ofplants have been used for increase secretion of bile in traditional systems of medicine of variouscountries. We investigated that beneficial effects of new product particularly its treatment liverdamage, improve regeneration process of damaged liver cell, effects on bile secretion, bile bilirubin,and bile cholesterol and plasma cholesterol levels. Moreover, we investigate physical, chemicalcapacity and drafted a MNS document.Goal: To complete pharmacological, technological and standardization study of Sillichol biologicalactive product.Material and MethodsSeveral biochemical methods were used for determination of chemical compounds in liverhydrolysate and lyophilized bile. The product was formed in combined powder form by dried stirringmethod and it was capsuled by NJP-1200 capsule machine. Litchfield-Wilcoxon’s method was usedto study the acute toxicity effect. The median lethal dose (LD50) value was calculated using themethod of Pearson and toxicity level of was determined according to classification of Sidorov K.K(1973). Human equivalent dose (effective dose) was calculated with according to FDA guidancefor drug-dose conversion. Acute hepatitis – Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage inrats (Skakun et al, 1984); Bile secretion effect was determined by method of Rozuet Jousse, 1980.All value expressed as mean S.E obtained from n number of experiments. The Student’s t-testfor unpaired observation between control and experimental samples was carried out for statisticalevaluation of a difference; p values of 0.05 or less were considered as statistically significant.ResultsTotal nitrogen, amino nitrogen, fat, ash and solution index were measured in liver hydrolysate.The results were accepted standard requirements of MNS 6484:2014. Bovine bile was dried byLabconco freezone L12 freeze drier in Drug Research Institute. The product named Sillichol wasformed combined powder form and capsuled №0 capsule. From the result of preclinical study, ourinvestigational new product is included in practically non-toxic class according to toxicity classificationby Sidorov (1750 mg/kg). Sillichol biological active product was increase bile level which is producedin liver cells and decreased bile cholesterol levels by 2.3-8.0% in the test group compared with thecontrol and reference groups.Conclusion: The biological active product was improving regeneration process of liver cells,normalize cell structure, effect to the anti-inflammatory in damaged liver cells.

Varieties of plants and lyophilized bovine bile have been used for increase secretion of bile in traditional systems of medicine of various countries. Following many articles note on the benefi cial effects of lyophilized bovine bile particularly on the wound healing and gastric protection effects, there is paucity of reports in literature on its effects on a bile secretion, a bile bilirubin, bile cholesterol and a plasma cholesterol levels. Sillichol contains lyophilizedbovine bile, liver hydrolisate, yarrow extract and silymarin. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of bile fl ow, bile bilirubin concentration bile cholesterol level and hepatoprotective of Sillichol. Sixteen adult male wistar rats (weighing between 200-250 gr) were used in the study. They were randomly assigned into control and sillichol group comprising 4 in each group. Thereafter, they were weighed and anaesthetized with ketamine (2ml/200gr body weight) muscle leg and quickly pinned to a dissecting board. Laparotomy was performed and liver lobes were defl ected anterolaterally to expose the common bile duct. The common bile duct was cannulated with a portex cannula (0.5 mm diameter) after a semitransection was made on the bile duct. The cannuls was held in place with thread tied over it and around the bile duct.The bile was collected for 8 hours from each rat studied according to method of Rozuet Jousse. The rate of bile fl ow was noted, the volume of bilirubin, bile cholesterol levels were determined in the control and test groups. Moreover, total of 18 wistar rats (200-250 gr) were obtainedfrom laboratory house of Drug research institute and acclimated for 10 days before starting the experiment. Liver toxicity was induced by the subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4, 0.4 ml/100gr), 1:1 diluted with paraffi n oil, for four successive days of the experiment (N.P.Scakun et al, 1983). The rats were divided randomly into 3 groups comprising 6 rats in each group and fed the same diet throughout the experimental period. Mean values of bile cholesterol and bilirubinlevels, rate of bile secretion in the control and sillichol group. Bile cholesterol levels were signifi cantly decreased in the sillichol group compared with the control group (60.3±0.88 mg/dl vs 62.6±1.21mg/dl, p<0.05). Rate of bile secretion was signifi cantly increased in the experimental compared with the control group(10.21±0.25 ml/8hr vs 4.18±0.25 ml/8hr, p<0.05). Total bilirubin, conjugated and unconjugatedbilirubin concentrations in both sillichol and control groups were not signifi cantly different (p<0.01). The activities of GOT, GPT and ALP were estimated in serum samples as the liver function biomarkers using biochemical diagnostic test. The CCL4 treatment markedly affected the liverspecifi c enzymes. It was found that a signifi cant (p<0.05) increase in serum GOT, GPT and ALP activities of CCL4 treated rats. After the treats, hepatic biomarkers were elevated in the serum due to release of the enzymes from damaged liver. GOT (69.8±1.5), GPT (103.9±1.2), ALP (23.8±0.2) and Cholesterol (67.7±13.6) andtriglyceride (64.0±3.3) levels weredecreasedsignifi cantly (p<0.05) in the sillichol groupcompared with the control group. Silichol is decreasing concentration of cholesterol and bilirubin’s level in bile, constantly after administration of drug. Also, liverpreparation is increasing bile acid secretion in hepatocytes and a speed of secretion.From the results of pharmacological study concluded that involves CCL4 induced acute toxic hepatitis, liver preparation has hepatoprotective effect by protecting the liver cells from injury, improving the regeneration process and by correcting metabolic functions of the liver.

IntroductionNumber of kidney acute and chronic disease is increasing rapidly in the world and becoming the majorcause of death even population employment capacity is invalid. Statistical report of Mongolian Ministryof Health last 5 years statistic kidney disease is in the 3rd of non-contagious disease Synthetic andchemical medicines used for this sort of disease would have side effects in some cases. Plants, animalsand minerals biologically active substances, side effects need to produce new drugs, has attracted theattention of researches.GoalIdentifying pharmacology act of new granule medicine preparation.Material and Methods: The effects of the medicinal substances were investigated on “WISTAR” linesof white rat. Pathological model of nephritis was formed by injected the rats with kanamycin sulfate(Mondodoev.A.J, Lameza.S.B, Bartonov.E.A, 1988). The experimental animals were given any of thenew granular herbal medicine and compared to the rats given Nefromon. After treatment the creatinine,urea acid and MDA in the serum were determined. MDA is identified by an amount of concentration andmethod (Stalinaya. I.D. 1977).ResultCreatinine amount of disease model group of kidney illness created by kanamycin sulfate is comparedwith healthy group animals and 1.64 times, carbamide amount is 4.25 times, rest of the azote’s 2.73are increased and comparing the experiment group creatinine amount is 1.65 creatinine amount is 1.65decreased comparing with disease model group.ConclusionWhen compound ingredients preparation creates experiment animal kanamycin sulfate oxidantdominates, intensify the kidney cell active, decrease the carbamide and creatinine and decrease thekidney cell necrosis.