Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of vancomycin for preventing infection in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:A total of 124 patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing TKA between February 2024 and May 2024 at nine hospitals were enrolled. Preoperative infection prophylaxis involved either IORA (0.5 g vancomycin administered via intraosseous regional infusion before incision) or intravenous infusion (1 g vancomycin via peripheral vein). The IORA group included 15 males and 47 females with a median age of 66.5 years (range, 60.0-70.0 years), while the intravenous group included 14 males and 48 females with a median age of 66.0 years (range, 61.8-70.3 years) years. Intraoperative samples were collected including fat and synovium tissues after incision, before prosthesis placement, and after tourniquet release; distal femoral cancellous bone during femoral osteotomy; proximal tibial cancellous bone during tibial osteotomy; proximal intercondylar cancellous bone before prosthesis placement; and peripheral blood from non-infused arms at surgery initiation and after tourniquet release. Vancomycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vital sign changes were recorded from admission to 5~10 minutes post-IORA (IORA group) or post-incision (intravenous group). Follow-ups were conducted on postoperative day 1 and 3, and at 1 and 3 months, to document complications including IORA-related adverse events, periprosthetic joint infections, surgical site infections, red man syndrome, acute kidney injury, deep vein thrombosis and so on.Results:Vancomycin concentrations in bone, fat, and synovial tissue samples were significantly higher in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05), while vancomycin concentrations in blood samples were significantly lower in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05). Only 7.3%(41/558) of tissue samples in the IORA group had vancomycin concentrations below 2.0 μg/g (the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin against coagulase-negative staphylococcus), compared to 59.3%(331/558) in the intravenous group (χ 2=11.285, P<0.001). In the intravenous group, 16.9%(21/124) of blood samples had vancomycin concentrations exceeding 15.0 mg/L (the threshold associated with a significantly increased risk of nephrotoxicity), while all concentrations in the IORA group were below this threshold, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=22.943, P<0.001). There were no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) in vital signs changes before and after vancomycin administration between the two groups. Two patients in the intravenous group experienced incision exudate, while no other related complications occurred in either group. Conclusions:Compared to the traditional intravenous infusion of 1 g vancomycin, intraosseous injection of a low dose (0.5 g) of vancomycin achieves higher local tissue concentrations in the knee joint with a lower incidence of adverse reactions and is safe for infection prophylaxis. Despite guidelines not recommending the routine use of vancomycin for preventing infection after primary TKA, intraosseous injection of 0.5 g vancomycin may be considered intraoperatively for primary TKA in the following scenarios: patients in medical institutions with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, patients with potential preoperative MRSA colonization, or patients with cephalosporin allergy.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the expression levels of post-meiosis isolated protein 2(PMS-2)and p-glycoprotein(PGP)in gastric cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis and immune function.Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with gastric cancer who visited the hospital from May 2018 to February 2022 were selected for retrospective analysis.All patients received radical surgical treatment.The expression levels of PGP and PMS-2 proteins in adjacent tissues and cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry,and the correlations between the expression of PGP and PMS-2 proteins in cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics and immune function of patients with gastric cancer were analyzed.The patients were followed up for 3 years after the operation to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer,as well as the correlation between the protein expressions of PGP and PMS-2 in cancer tissues and prognosis.Results The positive expression rates of PGP and PMS-2 proteins in cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues(P<0.05).Positive expression of PMS-2 and PGP protein was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage(stage Ⅲ),presence of lymph node metastasis,and poorer tumor differentiation(P<0.05).However,their expression showed no significant correlation with age,gender,Lauren classification,vascular invasion,or tumor diameter(P>0.05).The preoperative CD4+/CD8+levels of gastric cancer patients with positive expression of PMS-2 and PGP proteins were respectively lower than those of patients with negative expression of PMS-2 and PGP proteins(P<0.05).Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that clinical stage Ⅲ,degree of differentiation,distant metastasis,lymph node metastasis,positive expression of PMS2 protein,positive expression of PGP protein,and preoperative CD4+/CD8+were all influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer(P<0.05).After a 3-year follow-up,the survival curves of gastric cancer patients with negative expressions of PMS2 and PGP protein were respectively higher than those of patients with positive expressions of PMS-2 and PGP protein(P<0.05).Conclusion The expressions of PMS-2 and PGP proteins in gastric cancer tissues are closely associated with clinical stage,presence or absence of lymph node metastasis,degree of tumor differentiation,prognosis and preoperative CD4+/CD8+level.Moreover,patients with positive expressions of PMS-2 and PGP proteins have a worse prognosis.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of vancomycin for preventing infection in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:A total of 124 patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing TKA between February 2024 and May 2024 at nine hospitals were enrolled. Preoperative infection prophylaxis involved either IORA (0.5 g vancomycin administered via intraosseous regional infusion before incision) or intravenous infusion (1 g vancomycin via peripheral vein). The IORA group included 15 males and 47 females with a median age of 66.5 years (range, 60.0-70.0 years), while the intravenous group included 14 males and 48 females with a median age of 66.0 years (range, 61.8-70.3 years) years. Intraoperative samples were collected including fat and synovium tissues after incision, before prosthesis placement, and after tourniquet release; distal femoral cancellous bone during femoral osteotomy; proximal tibial cancellous bone during tibial osteotomy; proximal intercondylar cancellous bone before prosthesis placement; and peripheral blood from non-infused arms at surgery initiation and after tourniquet release. Vancomycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vital sign changes were recorded from admission to 5~10 minutes post-IORA (IORA group) or post-incision (intravenous group). Follow-ups were conducted on postoperative day 1 and 3, and at 1 and 3 months, to document complications including IORA-related adverse events, periprosthetic joint infections, surgical site infections, red man syndrome, acute kidney injury, deep vein thrombosis and so on.Results:Vancomycin concentrations in bone, fat, and synovial tissue samples were significantly higher in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05), while vancomycin concentrations in blood samples were significantly lower in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05). Only 7.3%(41/558) of tissue samples in the IORA group had vancomycin concentrations below 2.0 μg/g (the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin against coagulase-negative staphylococcus), compared to 59.3%(331/558) in the intravenous group (χ 2=11.285, P<0.001). In the intravenous group, 16.9%(21/124) of blood samples had vancomycin concentrations exceeding 15.0 mg/L (the threshold associated with a significantly increased risk of nephrotoxicity), while all concentrations in the IORA group were below this threshold, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=22.943, P<0.001). There were no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) in vital signs changes before and after vancomycin administration between the two groups. Two patients in the intravenous group experienced incision exudate, while no other related complications occurred in either group. Conclusions:Compared to the traditional intravenous infusion of 1 g vancomycin, intraosseous injection of a low dose (0.5 g) of vancomycin achieves higher local tissue concentrations in the knee joint with a lower incidence of adverse reactions and is safe for infection prophylaxis. Despite guidelines not recommending the routine use of vancomycin for preventing infection after primary TKA, intraosseous injection of 0.5 g vancomycin may be considered intraoperatively for primary TKA in the following scenarios: patients in medical institutions with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, patients with potential preoperative MRSA colonization, or patients with cephalosporin allergy.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the expression levels of post-meiosis isolated protein 2(PMS-2)and p-glycoprotein(PGP)in gastric cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis and immune function.Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with gastric cancer who visited the hospital from May 2018 to February 2022 were selected for retrospective analysis.All patients received radical surgical treatment.The expression levels of PGP and PMS-2 proteins in adjacent tissues and cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry,and the correlations between the expression of PGP and PMS-2 proteins in cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics and immune function of patients with gastric cancer were analyzed.The patients were followed up for 3 years after the operation to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer,as well as the correlation between the protein expressions of PGP and PMS-2 in cancer tissues and prognosis.Results The positive expression rates of PGP and PMS-2 proteins in cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues(P<0.05).Positive expression of PMS-2 and PGP protein was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage(stage Ⅲ),presence of lymph node metastasis,and poorer tumor differentiation(P<0.05).However,their expression showed no significant correlation with age,gender,Lauren classification,vascular invasion,or tumor diameter(P>0.05).The preoperative CD4+/CD8+levels of gastric cancer patients with positive expression of PMS-2 and PGP proteins were respectively lower than those of patients with negative expression of PMS-2 and PGP proteins(P<0.05).Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that clinical stage Ⅲ,degree of differentiation,distant metastasis,lymph node metastasis,positive expression of PMS2 protein,positive expression of PGP protein,and preoperative CD4+/CD8+were all influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer(P<0.05).After a 3-year follow-up,the survival curves of gastric cancer patients with negative expressions of PMS2 and PGP protein were respectively higher than those of patients with positive expressions of PMS-2 and PGP protein(P<0.05).Conclusion The expressions of PMS-2 and PGP proteins in gastric cancer tissues are closely associated with clinical stage,presence or absence of lymph node metastasis,degree of tumor differentiation,prognosis and preoperative CD4+/CD8+level.Moreover,patients with positive expressions of PMS-2 and PGP proteins have a worse prognosis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by alternating periods of inflammation and remission. Although UC incidence is lower in Taiwan than in Western countries, its impact remains considerable, demanding updated guidelines for addressing local healthcare challenges and patient needs. The revised guidelines employ international standards and recent research, emphasizing practical implementation within the Taiwanese healthcare system. Since the inception of the guidelines in 2017, the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease has acknowledged the need for ongoing revisions to incorporate emerging therapeutic options and evolving disease management practices. This updated guideline aims to align UC management with local contexts, ensuring comprehensive and context-specific recommendations, thereby raising the standard of care for UC patients in Taiwan. By adapting and optimizing international protocols for local relevance, these efforts seek to enhance health outcomes for patients with UC.

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, fluctuating inflammatory condition that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. Although the incidence of CD in Taiwan is lower than that in Western countries, the severity of CD presentation appears to be similar between Asia and the West. This observation indicates the urgency for devising revised guidelines tailored to the unique reimbursement system, and patient requirements in Taiwan. The core objectives of these updated guidelines include the updated treatment choices and the integration of the treat-to-target strategy into CD management, promoting the achievement of deep remission to mitigate complications and enhance the overall quality of life. Given the diversity in disease prevalence, severity, insurance policies, and access to medical treatments in Taiwan, a customized approach is imperative for formulating these guidelines. Such tailored strategies ensure that international standards are not only adapted but also optimized to local contexts. Since the inception of its initial guidelines in 2017, the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD) has acknowledged the importance of continuous revisions for incorporating new therapeutic options and evolving disease management practices. The latest update leverages international standards and recent research findings focused on practical implementation within the Taiwanese healthcare system.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasingly common liver disease worldwide. MAFLD is diagnosed based on the presence of steatosis on images, histological findings, or serum marker levels as well as the presence of at least one of the three metabolic features: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic risk factors. MAFLD is not only a liver disease but also a factor contributing to or related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which is the major etiology responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with MAFLD. Hence, understanding the association between MAFLD and CVD, surveillance and risk stratification of MAFLD in patients with CVD, and assessment of the current status of MAFLD management are urgent requirements for both hepatologists and cardiologists. This Taiwan position statement reviews the literature and provides suggestions regarding the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, risk stratification, nonpharmacological interventions, and potential drug treatments of MAFLD, focusing on its association with CVD.

Background: The initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) typically leads to a reversible initial dip in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The implications of this phenomenon on clinical outcomes are not well-defined. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 23, 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials and cohort studies comparing kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without initial eGFR dip after initiating SGLT2i. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effect meta-analysis. Results: We included seven studies in our analysis, which revealed that an initial eGFR dip following the initiation of SGLT2i was associated with less annual eGFR decline (mean difference, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.437 to 0.843) regardless of baseline eGFR. The risk of major adverse kidney events was similar between the non-dipping and dipping groups but reduced in patients with a ≤10% eGFR dip (hazard ratio [HR], 0.915; 95% CI, 0.865 to 0.967). No significant differences were observed in the composite of hospitalized heart failure and cardiovascular death (HR, 0.824; 95% CI, 0.633 to 1.074), hospitalized heart failure (HR, 1.059; 95% CI, 0.574 to 1.952), or all-cause mortality (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.589 to 1.170). The risk of serious adverse events (AEs), discontinuation of SGLT2i due to AEs, kidney-related AEs, and volume depletion were similar between the two groups. Patients with >10% eGFR dip had increased risk of hyperkalemia compared to the non-dipping group. Conclusion Initial eGFR dip after initiating SGLT2i might be associated with less annual eGFR decline. There were no significant disparities in the risks of adverse cardiovascular outcomes between the dipping and non-dipping groups.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disease. It is featured by abnormal alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process for degradation of cellular contents, including protein aggregates, to maintain cellular homeostasis. Corynoxine B (Cory B), a natural alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks., has been reported to promote the clearance of α-syn in cell models by inducing autophagy. However, the molecular mechanism by which Cory B induces autophagy is not known, and the α-syn-lowering activity of Cory B has not been verified in animal models. Here, we report that Cory B enhanced the activity of Beclin 1/VPS34 complex and increased autophagy by promoting the interaction between Beclin 1 and HMGB1/2. Depletion of HMGB1/2 impaired Cory B-induced autophagy. We showed for the first time that, similar to HMGB1, HMGB2 is also required for autophagy and depletion of HMGB2 decreased autophagy levels and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase III activity both under basal and stimulated conditions. By applying cellular thermal shift assay, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular docking, we confirmed that Cory B directly binds to HMGB1/2 near the C106 site. Furthermore, in vivo studies with a wild-type α-syn transgenic drosophila model of PD and an A53T α-syn transgenic mouse model of PD, Cory B enhanced autophagy, promoted α-syn clearance and improved behavioral abnormalities. Taken together, the results of this study reveal that Cory B enhances phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase III activity/autophagy by binding to HMGB1/2 and that this enhancement is neuroprotective against PD.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of suicidal ideation and the effects of daily stress and positive mental health on suicidal ideation among college freshmen in Wuhan. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for mental health improvement and suicide prevention among college students from the perspective of positive psychology. Methods: In December 2020, a convenient sampling method was used to select 2 592 freshmen from three universities in Wuhan. Demographic information, suicidal ideation, positive mental health, and daily stress were assessed. T test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the status and influencing factors of suicidal ideation among college freshmen. Results: The one year prevalence of suicidal ideation was 27.5%. Freshmen with suicidal ideation had higher daily stress scores and daily stress scores in different domains than freshmen without suicidal ideation( t =-13.00--4.68)， the positive mental health scores of freshmen with suicidal ideation were lower than freshmen without suicidal ideation ( t =17.14， P <0.01). Female ( OR=1.72, 95%CI =1.44-2.05), the higher education level of the mother (OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.05-1.53) and total experience of daily stress ( OR=1.11, 95%CI =1.09- 1.13 ) were associated with risk of oneyear suicidal ideation. Positive mental health was negatively associated with suicidal ideation ( OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.87-0.90, P <0.01) and had a moderating effect on the association between daily stress and suicidal ideation. Conclusion Suicidal ideation among college freshmen is closely related to daily stress and positive mental health. It is necessary to pay close attention to daily stress of freshmen and reduce suicidal ideation by improving positive mental health.