Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to population aging, lifestyle variation and other factors, the morbidity and mortality of cancer continue to rise in China, resulting in a serious public health problem threating people's health. In response to this increasingly serious problem, tremendous efforts have been made in China, including the development of a series of policies and measures for specific needs of cancer prevention and treatment. Currently, China's strategy to reduce the disease burden of cancer mainly focuses on primary and secondary prevention. This paper summarizes the current status of disease burden of cancer and the performance of three-grade cancer prevention in China.

In recent years, the incidence of cancer in China has been increasing steadily. Advancing primary prevention measures for cancers could be an effective strategy to curb this trend. Diet has been considered a modifiable and shared risk factor for various cancers. Studying dietary patterns, with consideration of the interactions between foods and nutrients, has a practical implication for cancer prevention. This study provided an overview of dietary pattern extraction methods, summarized the research findings on the association between dietary patterns and cancers in the digestive system, respiratory system, and genitourinary system, and elucidated the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, in order to provide scientific references for future research in this field.

In recent years, the incidence of cancer in China has been increasing steadily. Advancing primary prevention measures for cancers could be an effective strategy to curb this trend. Diet has been considered a modifiable and shared risk factor for various cancers. Studying dietary patterns, with consideration of the interactions between foods and nutrients, has a practical implication for cancer prevention. This study provided an overview of dietary pattern extraction methods, summarized the research findings on the association between dietary patterns and cancers in the digestive system, respiratory system, and genitourinary system, and elucidated the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, in order to provide scientific references for future research in this field.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment for a case of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction， and adjudged the relationship of levofloxacin with hypersensitivity reaction according to relative standards. Retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang database， PubMed and Embase， relevant literature about levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction was collected and analyzed. RESULTS Clinical pharmacists suggested checking the patient’s previous medication and allergy history based on symptoms such as fever and systemic rash， and determined that the drug hypersensitivity was “likely” or “highly likely” to be associated with levofloxacin. Clinicians provided symptomatic treatment to the patient based on the judgment of clinical pharmacists， and the patient improved after treatment. Results of the literature analysis showed that among 31 involved patients， there were 23 males and 8 females； 18 patients aged 50 and above； the incubation period of 24 patients was within 4 days after medication. The main adverse drug reactions were drug hypersensitivity syndrome， fixed drug eruption， erythema multiforme， etc. Most patients were improved after withdrawal and symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hypersensitivity reaction is the rare adverse drug reaction of levofloxacin， mostly occurring within 2.5 h to 4 days after administration， and it is more likely to occur in middle-aged and elderly patients. Before clinical use， patients should be asked about their drug allergy history in detail； when patients experience fever or rash without obvious causes， medication should be stopped promptly and symptomatic treatment should be taken to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the patients’ medication.

Abstract: - （ ） ， Noise induced hearing loss NIHL is a hearing disorder that seriously harms the health of workers and it is a （ ） complex disease caused by environmental and genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphism SNP is the most common ， （ ） genetic variation which is associated with the occurrence and development of NIHL. MicroRNA miRNA is a kind of small - - ， - non codingsingle strandedRNA whichishighlyexpressedinthecochleaandregulatesgenesbybindingtothe3′ untranslated （ ） - regionoftargetmessengerRNA mRNA .SNPofmiRNA isthemostcommongeneticvariation.SNPinthenon codingregion， participates in gene expression regulation and phenotype generation by leading to abnormal miRNA recruitment thereby， affecting the occurrence and development of NIHL. The genetic susceptibility genes of NIHL include oxidative stress genes - singlegenedeafnessgenesandheatshockproteingenes.TheSNPinthenon codingregionisassociatedwiththesusceptibility， of NIHL. miRNA SNP has been confirmed to be involved in the development of NIHL but the correlation between different miRNASNPandNIHLisdifferent.SNPaffectsthesusceptibilityofNIHLbyaffectingtheexpressionandfunctionofmiRNA.

BACKGROUND: Female breast cancer (FBC) has become the most prevalent malignancy worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the global and regional burden in epidemiological trends and factors associated with the incidence and mortality of FBC. METHODS: FBC incidence and mortality in 60 selected countries by cancer registry data integrity in 2020 were estimated from the GLOBOCAN database, and their association with the human development index (HDI) was further evaluated. Trends of age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality in 60 countries from 2000 through 2019 were evaluated by joinpoint regression analysis using data of Global Burden of Disease 2019. The association between potential behavioral, metabolic, and socioeconomic risk factor exposure at the nation level retrieved from the World Bank and Global Health Observatory and the incidence and mortality of FBC were evaluated by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: FBC incidence and mortality varied greatly in the 60 included countries. Higher incidence and mortality rates were typically observed in countries with higher HDIs and vice versa. During 2000 to 2019, significantly increasing trends in incidence and mortality were observed in 26 (average annual percent changes [AAPCs], 0.35-2.96) and nine countries (AAPC, 0.30-1.65), respectively, while significantly decreasing trends in both incidence and mortality were observed in 22 countries, most of which were high-HDI countries. Among the population aged ≥40 years, there were 26 and 11 countries showing significantly increased trends in incidence and mortality, respectively. Ecological analysis showed that countries with higher prevalence rates of high cholesterol and higher health expenditures were more likely to have higher FBC incidence, and countries with higher rates of obesity and poorer universal health coverage were more likely to have higher FBC mortality. CONCLUSIONS Despite decreased or stabilized FBC incidence and mortality rates were observed in some countries with high HDI over the past decades, disease burden became even severer in developing countries, especially for the population aged ≥40 years. Effective targeted preventive programs are strongly encouraged to reduce the FBC disease burden worldwide.
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Registries ; Risk Factors

Objective:To explore the application of the pioneering TEBMCL (task based evidence-based laboratory medicine team cooperative learning) teaching mode in the teaching of Clinical Biochemical Laboratory Technology. Methods:A total of 336 undergraduates of medical laboratory from 3 classes of Batch 2014 were selected as research objects, and 112 students in class 1 were randomly selected as the teaching reform class, 113 students in class 2 were randomized into control class 1 and 111 students in class 3 into control class 2. The teaching effects achieved by applying the TEBMCL teaching mode to the teaching of Clinical Biochemical Laboratory Technology in the three classes were compared comprehensively and the TEBMCL teaching mode was also evaluated. The Access 2010 and SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis methods were used for statistical analysis. Results:Learning effect: ①Compared with the basic test of the three classes, there was no statistical differences ( P > 0.05); but the in-class test after each chapter showed that the results of the teaching reform class were better than those of the other two classes ( P < 0.05). It was also found that the performance of the control class 1 was better than that of the control class 2 after applying the new TEBMCL teaching mode in the second chapter ( P < 0.05). ②In a number of indicators, it was found that the scores of the reform class were better than those of the control class 1 and the control class 2 ( P < 0.05); ③In the terms of excellent grade and good grade, the teaching reform class was ahead of the control class 1 and the control class 2, and none of students in the teaching reform class failed the graduation design (thesis). In the terms of questionnaires and seminars: TEBMCL teaching mode was carried out for juniors who had professional basic knowledge, with short prcoess and high efficiency, while this method still needed to be improved. Conclusion:The new TEBMCL teaching mode has significant advantages compared with the traditional teaching mode, which can better promote the cultivation of students' abilities and improve the degree of knowledge mastery.

Objective To evaluate the value of different surgical methods in the repair of huge chest wall defect after breast malignant tumor operation.Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with chest wall defect after chest operation were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received one-stage repair for the chest wall defect with different surgical methods.Of the patients,9 cases got repair with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap,4 cases received repairment with internal mammary perforator flap of contralateral breast,and the others received dermatoplasty.Results All the 22 cases were successfully repaired.Two cases of dermatoplasty got mild edema who was healed after acitive dressing change.No one got effusion,infection or necrosis.No recurrence or distant metastasis happened except one case of liver metastasis in the follow-up of 6 to 24 months.Conclusions Application of different surgical methods in repair for the chest wall defect can improve patients' life quality.It is easy,safe and effective.We should choose the most suitable surgical method according to individual situation.

The application of structured education in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed significant effect. This paper introduced relevant content of structured education, the application status quo of structured education in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at home and abroad, aiming to provide reference for exploring health education models of patients with diabetes mellitus and reduce patients' complications, thus improving their quality of life.

Objective To observe the autophagy induced by heavy ion and X-ray radiations in SW480 cells and its effect in radiation responses.Methods The cellular ultrastructure was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The autophagy vesicles were labeled by monodansylcadaverin (MDC) fluorescence.The levels of LC3 which were induced by radiation and rapamycin were measured by Western blot assay.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.The invasion of SW480 colon cells was measured with a Transwell.Cell wound healing assay was used to observe the migration of SW480 colon cells.Results Heavy ion and X-ray radiation could induce autophagy in SW480 cells in a dose dependent manner i.e., the autophagy level increased along with irradiation dose (F =458.526, P ＜ 0.05) , but this induction of autophagy was inhibited by chloroquine.Rapamycin could also induce autophagy in SW480 cells and it had a synergistic effect with irradiation (F =189.393, P ＜ 0.05).The abilities of invasion, migration and proliferation of SW480 cells were reduced by irradiation and the combination treatment of irradiation and rapamycin (F =194.692, 629.917, 302.903, P ＜ 0.05) , but they were enhanced by chloroquine (F =194.692, 629.917, 302.903, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ionization radiation causes cell death by inducing autophagy.