BACKGROUND:Studies have found that probiotics have a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on peri-implantitis,and there are further explorations in the mechanism against peri-implantitis.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism and clinical application of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implantitis.METHODS:Relevant literature was searched on PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang Data,using the search terms of"probiotics,peri-implantitis,flora imbalance,immunoregulation,inflammatory reaction,mechanism of action"in Chinese and English.A total of 90 articles were finally included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Probiotics have the following mechanisms.They can activate the anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory factors.They can destroy the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria by secreting microbial complexes and bacteriocins,reduce the pH value of biofilms,improve the composition of microorganisms in microecology,induce the change of bacterial community structure,and restore the balance of microbial population around implants.They have immunomodulatory effects and can enhance the resistance of the host oral mucosa to pathogenic bacteria in the surrounding area of the implant.In addition,probiotics can produce antibacterial compounds,offset the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms,and regulate immune function.Through the above mechanisms,probiotics have certain potential in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis,which can improve the clinical parameters of peri-implantitis and affect the microbiota.Probiotic therapy provides a new treatment option,but more long-term prospective studies are needed to further verify its effect.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that probiotics have a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on peri-implantitis,and there are further explorations in the mechanism against peri-implantitis.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism and clinical application of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implantitis.METHODS:Relevant literature was searched on PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang Data,using the search terms of"probiotics,peri-implantitis,flora imbalance,immunoregulation,inflammatory reaction,mechanism of action"in Chinese and English.A total of 90 articles were finally included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Probiotics have the following mechanisms.They can activate the anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory factors.They can destroy the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria by secreting microbial complexes and bacteriocins,reduce the pH value of biofilms,improve the composition of microorganisms in microecology,induce the change of bacterial community structure,and restore the balance of microbial population around implants.They have immunomodulatory effects and can enhance the resistance of the host oral mucosa to pathogenic bacteria in the surrounding area of the implant.In addition,probiotics can produce antibacterial compounds,offset the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms,and regulate immune function.Through the above mechanisms,probiotics have certain potential in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis,which can improve the clinical parameters of peri-implantitis and affect the microbiota.Probiotic therapy provides a new treatment option,but more long-term prospective studies are needed to further verify its effect.

Objective Based on the assumption of spatial heterogeneity,the distribution pattern and risk characteristics of health poverty in middle-aged and elderly people with chronic diseases are described from the perspective of spatial differentiation.In order to providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of subsequent poverty reduction policies and a model policy for other countries.Methods It used factor detector and interaction detector to capture the role of single-factor and multi-factor interactions on the spatial differentiation of health poverty,and risk detectors were utilized to explore the high-risk factors in risky areas Results The single factor explanation of medical assistance and health education activities is prominent,and the factors such as PM2.5,old-age dependency ratio and urban unemployment rate have strong interaction.Furthermore,it identified high-risk factor characteristics in areas at high risk of health poverty.Conclusion The spatial differentiation pattern of health poverty among the middle-aged and elderly chronic disease population in China is the result of the synergistic driving effect of multidimensional factors,and there is variability in the risk characteristics among regions.The government should establish a contextual optimization strategy and pay attention to the joint effect of multiple factors to establish a synergistic management system.

Extensive epigenetic reprogramming involves in memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation. The elaborate epigenetic rewiring underlying the heterogeneous functional states of CD8+ T cells remains hidden. Here, we profile single-cell chromatin accessibility and map enhancer-promoter interactomes to characterize the differentiation trajectory of memory CD8+ T cells. We reveal that under distinct epigenetic regulations, the early activated CD8+ T cells divergently originated for short-lived effector and memory precursor effector cells. We also uncover a defined epigenetic rewiring leading to the conversion from effector memory to central memory cells during memory formation. Additionally, we illustrate chromatin regulatory mechanisms underlying long-lasting versus transient transcription regulation during memory differentiation. Finally, we confirm the essential roles of Sox4 and Nrf2 in developing memory precursor effector and effector memory cells, respectively, and validate cell state-specific enhancers in regulating Il7r using CRISPR-Cas9. Our data pave the way for understanding the mechanism underlying epigenetic memory formation in CD8+ T-cell differentiation.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism* ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromatin/immunology* ; Animals ; Mice ; Immunologic Memory ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; SOXC Transcription Factors/immunology* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic

Parkinson's disease (PD), a major neurodegenerative disease faced by an aging society worldwide, has not yet been fully elucidated in terms of its pathogenesis. Currently, clinical treatment mainly relies on symptom management and can only be relieved by medication. In recent years, many studies have shown that polysaccharides have potential in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Polysaccharides play a role in PD in ways such as anti-oxidative stress response, improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of neuroinflammation, anti-neurotoxicity, and activation of autophagy. This study discusses the mechanism of polysaccharides in PD, aiming to provide new ideas for PD prevention and treatment and new drug development in the future.

(±)-Talapyrones A-F (1-6), six pairs of dimeric polyketide enantiomers featuring unusual 6/6/6 and 6/6/6/5 ring systems, were isolated from the fungus Talaromyces adpressus. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and HR-ESI-MS data, and their absolute configurations were elucidated using a modified Mosher's method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. (±)-Talapyrones A-F (1-6) possess a 6/6/6 tricyclic skeleton, presumably formed through a Michael addition reaction between one molecule of α-pyrone derivative and one molecule of C₈ poly-β-keto chain. In addition, compounds 2/3 and 4/5 are two pairs of C-18 epimers, respectively. Putative biosynthetic pathways of 1-6 were discussed.
Polyketides/isolation & purification* ; Talaromyces/chemistry* ; Stereoisomerism ; Molecular Structure ; Circular Dichroism ; Pyrones/chemistry*

Objective To systematic analyze the risk factors for new-onset urethral stricture after transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate(HoLEP)in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods A case-control study was conducted on 746 BPH patients undergoing HoLEP treatment in Department of Urology of the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from November 2021 to August 2024.After 23 cases were excluded because of complication of prostate cancer,finally 723 patients were included.General clinical data such as age,height,weight,history of smoking and drinking,perioperative parameters,and follow-up data at 1,3 and 6 months after operation were collected.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the clinical risk factors for new-onset urethral stricture after HoLEP.Results The subjected patients had a median age of 66.5(64.0,75.0)years,and a preoperative median prostate volume of 66(45,92)mL,and a median indwelling catheter time of 4(4,5)d.The incidence of new urethral stricture after operation was 5.8%(42/723),with membranous part of the urethra(61.9%)the most common site,followed by the external urethral orifice(21.4%)and the bladder neck(7.1%).Risk factor analysis indicated that low BMI(<18.5 kg/m2)(OR=4.682,P=0.037),young age(OR=0.946,P=0.005),and postoperative urinary tract infection(OR=4.513,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for new-onset urethral stricture after surgery.Prostate volume and indwelling time of urinary catheter had no significant association with the occurrence of new urethral stricture after surgery.Conclusion The occurrence of new-onset urethral stricture after HoLEP is significantly correlated with BMI,age and urinary tract infection.The above 3 factors can be used as better predictors of new-onset urethral stricture after HoLEP.

Objective:To explore the learning curve of primary urologists mastering Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:The clinical data of 92 patients with larger volume BPH who received HoLEP performed by a urologist in Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. 92 patients were divided into group A (1-23 cases, n=23), group B (24-46 cases, n=23), group C (47-69 cases, n=23), and group D (70-92 cases, n=23) based on the sequence of surgery. The clinical characteristics, including prostate volume, operation time, enucleation efficiency, indwelling catheter time, decrease value of hemoglobin, intraoperative blood transfusion, perioperative complications, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, Qmax, and postvoid residual urine (PVR) at 3 months postoperatively were compared between the four groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), one-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons among multiple groups, and t-test was used for comparisons between two groups. Count data were expressed as the cases and percentage, and the Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:There were significant differences among the four groups in terms of operation time [(94.43±8.26) min, (86.39±5.89) min, (70.70±5.64) min, (64.70±4.23) min, P=0.001], enucleation efficiency [(0.90±0.08) mL/min, (1.01±0.07) mL/min, (1.23±0.12) mL/min, (1.34±0.12) mL/min, P=0.001], decrease value of hemoglobin [(25.98±1.39) g/L, (23.27±1.49) g/L, (20.03±1.07) g/L, (18.49±0.96) g/L, P=0.001] and indwelling catheter time [(5.91±1.54) d, (5.35±1.27) d, (3.39±0.72) d, (3.04±0.64) d, P=0.001]. Compared with group C and group D, the operation time was longer, the enucleation efficiency was lower, the decrease value of hemoglobin before and after the operation was higher, and the indwelling catheter time was longer, the above differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B, or group C and group D ( P>0.05). Among the 92 patients, only 3 patients received blood transfusion during operation, including 2 patients in group A and 1 patient in group B. 2 patients underwent surgical complications during the perioperative period. Among them, 1 patient suffered bladder wall injury due to improper operation of the tissue pulverizer in group A, and 1 patient developed prostatic capsule perforation in group B. Furthermore, after 56 cases of operation, a primary urologist can perform HoLEP surgery quickly and safely. Conclusion:The learning curve of a primary urologist mastering HoLEP for larger volume (≥ 80 mL) BPH was 56 procedures, and the operation efficiency and safety were significantly improved.

Objective Based on the assumption of spatial heterogeneity,the distribution pattern and risk characteristics of health poverty in middle-aged and elderly people with chronic diseases are described from the perspective of spatial differentiation.In order to providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of subsequent poverty reduction policies and a model policy for other countries.Methods It used factor detector and interaction detector to capture the role of single-factor and multi-factor interactions on the spatial differentiation of health poverty,and risk detectors were utilized to explore the high-risk factors in risky areas Results The single factor explanation of medical assistance and health education activities is prominent,and the factors such as PM2.5,old-age dependency ratio and urban unemployment rate have strong interaction.Furthermore,it identified high-risk factor characteristics in areas at high risk of health poverty.Conclusion The spatial differentiation pattern of health poverty among the middle-aged and elderly chronic disease population in China is the result of the synergistic driving effect of multidimensional factors,and there is variability in the risk characteristics among regions.The government should establish a contextual optimization strategy and pay attention to the joint effect of multiple factors to establish a synergistic management system.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a major neurodegenerative disease faced by an aging society worldwide, has not yet been fully elucidated in terms of its pathogenesis. Currently, clinical treatment mainly relies on symptom management and can only be relieved by medication. In recent years, many studies have shown that polysaccharides have potential in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Polysaccharides play a role in PD in ways such as anti-oxidative stress response, improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of neuroinflammation, anti-neurotoxicity, and activation of autophagy. This study discusses the mechanism of polysaccharides in PD, aiming to provide new ideas for PD prevention and treatment and new drug development in the future.