For middle-aged and elderly patients with conditions such as spinal fractures and degenerative spinal diseases, spinal internal fixation is a core surgical procedure for reconstructing spinal stability, heavily relying on the biomechanical stability provided by pedicle screw systems. Whereas, these patients are often complicated by osteoporosis that can significantly compromise the stability of the bone-pedicle screw interface, leading to a marked increase in pedicle screw loosening and surgical failure rates. The bone cement-augmented pedicle screw technique, which involves injecting bone cement into the vertebral body or screw trajectory to optimize the mechanical properties of the bone-pedicle screw composite, has been proven to significantly enhance fixation strength and effectively prevent screw-related failures, thereby reducing the incidence of internal fixation failure in high-risk populations undergoing spinal fusion. However, the widespread clinical application of this technique has faced challenges such as inaccurate clinical decision-making (indication and contraindication selection), non-standardized operative practices, and insufficient awareness of complication prevention, resulting in considerable variability in clinical outcomes and even severe complications. To address this, Prof. Luo Fei from First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University initiated the project and the Chinese Association Orthopaedic Surgeons organized relevant experts to develop the Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for bone cement-augmented pedicle screw technique ( version 2025), based on current evidence. The guidelines put forward 8 recommendations regarding the clinical value, scope of application, and operational standards of the technique, aiming to provide evidence-based medical support and technical standardization for clinical decision-making.

For middle-aged and elderly patients with conditions such as spinal fractures and degenerative spinal diseases, spinal internal fixation is a core surgical procedure for reconstructing spinal stability, heavily relying on the biomechanical stability provided by pedicle screw systems. Whereas, these patients are often complicated by osteoporosis that can significantly compromise the stability of the bone-pedicle screw interface, leading to a marked increase in pedicle screw loosening and surgical failure rates. The bone cement-augmented pedicle screw technique, which involves injecting bone cement into the vertebral body or screw trajectory to optimize the mechanical properties of the bone-pedicle screw composite, has been proven to significantly enhance fixation strength and effectively prevent screw-related failures, thereby reducing the incidence of internal fixation failure in high-risk populations undergoing spinal fusion. However, the widespread clinical application of this technique has faced challenges such as inaccurate clinical decision-making (indication and contraindication selection), non-standardized operative practices, and insufficient awareness of complication prevention, resulting in considerable variability in clinical outcomes and even severe complications. To address this, Prof. Luo Fei from First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University initiated the project and the Chinese Association Orthopaedic Surgeons organized relevant experts to develop the Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for bone cement-augmented pedicle screw technique ( version 2025), based on current evidence. The guidelines put forward 8 recommendations regarding the clinical value, scope of application, and operational standards of the technique, aiming to provide evidence-based medical support and technical standardization for clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the population distribution,biofilm formation and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pressure ulcers infected patients in the hospital,and to provide important clinical evidence.Methods From May 2019 to May 2022,a total of 126 strains of Staphylococcus aureus relat-ed to pressure ulcer infections were collected in the hospital.The bacteria were identified by Vitek MS mass spectrometer,and the drug susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method(K-B method).The drug susceptibility results were analyzed according to the standards of the American Association for Clinical Laboratory Standardization(ACLA),2016-M100.The crystal violet staining method was used to detect the biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and determine its formation ability.Glucose and silver ion powder were add-ed to the biofilm respectively,and their effects on biofilm formation were observed.Results From May 2019 to May 2022,126 strains of Staphylococcus aureus related to pressure ulcer infection were collected from the hospital.Pressure ulcer was detected at all ages and levels.The proportion of strains forming biofilm was 73.00％,and the proportion of strains forming biofilm was 81.81％in the strain isolated from stage Ⅳ pres-sure ulcer,which was higher than that in the strain isolated from other stages(Ⅱ and Ⅲ)(63.33％),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Strains with different biofilm formation ability had higher resistance rates to penicillin G,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim,but lower resist-ance rates to teicoplanin and levofloxacin.No Gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin were detected.There were no significant differences in drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in different biofilm levels(P＞0.05).11.10 mmol/L glucose could promote the formation of biofilm,10.00 μg/mL silver ion antibacte-rial gel could inhibit the formation of biofilm.Conclusion The biofilm formation ability of Staphylococcus au-reus to cause stage Ⅳ pressure ulcer infection is strong and the formation of biofilm is related to the stage of pressure ulcer.The antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus producing membrane has no obvious re-lationship with the grade of biofilm.The use of silver ions and the reduction of blood glucose level have a cer-tain inhibitory effect on biofilm formation.

Objective To investigate the effects of matrine on proliferation and apoptosis of human rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS) RD cells line in vitro,to study the regulatory mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-influenced apoptosis of RD cells line by detecting the expressions of β-catenin protein,Bcl-2 protein and caspase-3 protein,and to explore Wnt/β-catenin mechanism during the process of RMS.Methods The human RMS RD cells line was treated with matrine of different concentrations (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 g/L)for 48 hours respectively,and the proliferation inhibition rates of different concentrations of matrine on RD cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,while the apoptosis rates by flow cytometry (FCM) and the expressions of β-catenin,Bcl-2 and caspase-3 by Western blot.Results The proliferation inhibition rates between control group and different concentrations of matrine groups were(13.70 ±0.25)％,(33.16 ±0.11)％,(42.96 ±0.90)％,(56.26 ±0.79)％ and (67.89 ±0.63)％,respectively.The apoptosis rates were (5.49 ± 0.96) ％,(17.23 ± 5.03) ％,(25.84 ± 4.17) ％,(36.08 ± 3.68) ％and (47.79 ± 4.82) ％,respectively.The highest expression of β-catenin and Bcl-2 proteins and the minimum amount of caspase-3 protein were found in the control group.After intervention of matrine,the expressions of β-catenin and Bcl-2 reduced while the amount of caspase-3 rose significantly,which was concentration-dependent obviously.Differences were found between every concentration of matrine group with control group according to statistics (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Matrine can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of RD cells.Matrine can down-regulate the expression of β-catenin and Bcl-2 proteins in RD cells,while the amount of caspase-3 protein rises.Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway plays an important role in the apoptosis of RD cell induced by matrine,and its downstream proteins Bcl-2 and caspase-3 are also involved in the regulation of this process.

Aquilaria sinensis callus induced by stem tips were used to establish the suspension cell system. The results showed that the most suitable medium for callus induction and subculture is MS + 2.0 mg x L(-1) NAA + 1.0 mg x L(-1) 6-BA. After 12 times of subculture, the energetic and loose callus, which were appropriate for cell suspension culture, were cultured and shook in liquid medium MS + 2.0 mg x L(-1) NAA + 1.0 mg x L(-1) 6-BA + 500.0 mg x L(-1) casein hydrolysate (CH) to establish the suspension cell system. The growth curve of suspension cells showed a "S" type. At the beginning of the culture, cell density increased slowly; during 4 to 6 days, suspension cells reached logarithmic growth period; during 7 to 12 days, suspension cells were in the platform period; but after 12 days, cell density and activity went down obviously. Agarwood sesquiterpenes were not detected in the suspension cells during the growth period, however, they could be detected in MeJA treated suspension cells. In this study, a stable and active growing suspension cell system was established, which was a proper system to study the mechanism of agarwood sesquiterpene formation, and additionally provided a potential way to generate agarwood sesquiterpenes through application of cell culture.

Objective To explore the different probability of carcinoma and the necessity of treatment in cervical columnar ectopy (CCE),normal smooth cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) by investigating the different expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9).Methods The expression of MMP-9 was detected by using immunohistochemical method in 30 cases of CCE,28 cases of CIN and 30 cases of normal smooth cervix from 2007 to 2012.Results The positive expression of MMP-9protein in CIN was 96.4％ (27/28),CCE was 23.3％ (7/30) and normal smooth cervix was 20.0％ (6/30)respectively.The positive expression of MMP-9 protein was higher in CIN than CCE and normal smooth cervix,the difference has statistical significance (P＜ 0.01),there was no significant difference between CCE and normal smooth cervix (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions CCE,which was a physiological performance of cervical erosion,should not be overtreated.But the women of childbearing age should be routinely performed in cervical cancer screening.

Objective To evaluate the influences of the genotypes,anther developmental stages,and cultural conditions on the efficiency of embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in the anthers culture of Bupleurum chinense.Methods The different effects such as four genotypes,plant growth regulators,and temperature condition were compared in the experiments.The histological study was performed with the process of the anther culture.Results The highest inducing rate of embryogenic calli were achieved for the genotypes Zhongcaiyihao(ZCYH),Z4,and Z5 at the early-to middle-uninucleate stages,except for genotype ZPM1 at the tetrad stage.Cold pretreatment increased the production of the embryogenic callus,in which 4-day cold pretreatment improved the production of embryogenic callus from 0% to 2.2% and 5.0% for genotypes ZPM1 and ZCYH,respectively.No embryogenic callus was induced in the medium containing less than 0.75 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D).The highest regeneration rate (34.6%)was obtained in 1/2 MS salts regeneration medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylmaminopurine (BA).The low concentration of BA was able to promote the embryogenic callus formation and subsequent plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis.Chromosome counting of regenerated plantlets showed mostly diploid plant (2n = 12)with only one haploid plant(n = 6).Because of the low rate of microspore embryo formation,we only tracked the process of embryogenesis from the connective tissue,instead of microspore by histological observations.Conclusion This study establishes an efficient system for embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration system.This is the first report on the haploid plantlet through the anther culture orB.chinense.

Objective To assess the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) combined with low dose of hormone and lamivudine in the treatment of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).Methods The clinical data of 49 HBV-GN patients diagnosed by renal pathology was reviewed.They were treated with MMF( ≥ 12 years old,0.75 g,two times a day; ＜ 12 years old,0.4 g/m2,two times a day),low dose of hormone [0.5 mg/(kg·d) ],lamivudine( ≥ 12 years old,100 mg/d; ＜ 12 years old,3 mg/kg,two times a day).Results Among of 49 HBV-GN patients,clinical cure rate was 71.4％(35/49),the total effective rate was 81.6％(40/49),85.7％(42/49) patients' HBV DNA level decreased from 5.43 ×104 copies/ml to ＜ 1000 copies/ml.The complete remission rate was 88.0％ (22/25),the partial remission rate was 8.0％ (2/25),the inefficiency was 4.0％ (1/25) in membranous nephropathy (MN);the complete remission rate was 44.4％ (4/9),the inefficiency was 55.6％ (5/9) in mesangial proliferative glomerulone phritis (MsPGN) ; the complete remission rate was 70.0％(7/10); the partial remission rate was 30.0％(3/10)in membrane proliferative glomerulone phritis (MPGN) ;the complete remission rate was 40.0％ (2/5),the inefficiency was 60.0％(3/5) in focal segmental glomerulosclerosts (FSGS).There was significant difference among the different pathological type (P＜0.05).There were less adverse reactions.Conclusions MMF combined with low dose hormone and lamivudine is safe and effective in treating HBV-GN.The efficacy and pathological type has some relationship,MN has the best response,MPGN and MsPGN are second,FSGS is poor.

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of male sterility of Bupleurum chinense and further explore the developmental period and reason of abortion for the male sterile plants.

METHODThe morphological characteristics of B. chinense male sterile and normal plants were investigated and compared. The anther development process and pollen viability of two types of plants were examined by microscopic assay.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe shapes and sizes of anther and filament were different between the male sterile and the normal plants. For the male sterile plant's, the filament size was no more than 1/2 of that of normal plants and the anthers were shriveled, failed to dehisce and pollinate naturally, and the pollen grains in the anthers had no vitality. Other morphological characteristics were similar between two types of plants. The main reason leading to male sterility of B. chinense was the abnormal development of tapetum cells with two circumstances. The one is that the tapetum cells degraded early during the period of microsporocyte phase to tetrad phase and the other is that the tapetum cells proliferated with delayed degradation in the tetrad to uninucleate phase.

Bupleurum ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; physiology ; Plant Infertility ; Pollen ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo breed new varieties with better uniformity and commercial quality as well as higher saikosaponin contents.

METHODThe excellent germplasm resources were selected from "zhongchai no. 1" population. Single plant method was applied to get better varieties. All the breeding material was investigated according to morphological characters, agronomic characters and the contents of saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d. The experiments of comparative test and varieties regional test were carried out.

RESULTThe bred new varieties of "zhongchai No. 2" and "zhongchai No. 3" had better uniformity. The dark brown roots ratios of the two varieties were 83.2%, 89.9%, respectively. The contents of saikosaponins (a + d) of the two varieties reached 1.31%, 1.02%, respectively.

CONCLUSION"zhongchai No. 2" and " zhongchai No. 3" both had the advantages of better uniformity, darker brown roots and higher saikosaponin contents.

Breeding ; Bupleurum ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Saponins ; analysis