Anemia is one of the common accompanying symptoms of tumors. Whether chemotherapy-related anemia （CRA） or anemia caused by the disease itself， it greatly affects patients' survival rate， quality of life， and even their confidence in treatment. Currently， Western medicine mainly treats CRA through blood product transfusion and the use of erythropoietin， which can rapidly increase hemoglobin levels but are associated with strong dependence and short duration of efficacy. Therefore， exploring the theoretical basis， treatment methods， and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in managing CRA has become a focus of current research. According to recent clinical observations and related reports， TCM demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy in the treatment of CRA. By reviewing literature on classic TCM prescriptions for CRA， this article summarizes clinical cases， relevant pharmacological studies， and possible mechanisms of action. These analyses show that classic TCM prescriptions for CRA are mainly tonifying formulas， primarily those that tonify qi and blood and strengthen the spleen and kidney， and they offer clear therapeutic efficacy， high safety， and the potential to reduce toxicity and enhance effectiveness. In addition to tonifying formulas， modern prescriptions for CRA， such as those that promote blood circulation and remove stasis， promote new blood generation， and exert detoxifying and anticancer effects， have also been confirmed by clinical research to provide good therapeutic outcomes. By summarizing and analyzing the efficacy and mechanisms of classic TCM prescriptions for CRA and the clinical research status of modern formulas， this article aims to provide new strategies for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CRA.

Radiation-induced skin ulcer is the most common adverse effect of tumor radiotherapy, and it is also a serious type of ulcer among skin injuries. Due to the varying degrees of radiation damage, the surrounding tissue of ulcers has poor self-renewal ability, which leads to delayed healing of ulcers, then followed by continuous body fluid loss, infection, and other symptoms, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Due to the damaged blood supply or necrosis, skin ulcers are prone to relapse even after healing, which is a major challenge in clinical treatment. At present, there is still a lack of specific drugs and precise administration guidelines for the treatment of radiation-induced skin ulcers, and symptomatic treatment is the main treatment in clinical practice. Based on the clinical practical experience of authors' team and current relevant literature, this paper proposed corresponding drug therapy, hyperbaric oxygen assisted therapy, surgery therapy, and early prevention strategies for radiation-induced skin ulcers at different stages, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention of radiation-induced skin ulcer.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum miRNA-21 and miR-27b levels and prognosis of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma.Methods A total of 118 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma admitted to the Qinghai University Hospital from February 2019 to April 2021 were selected as the study subjects,and another 118 healthy patients in the same period as the control group.Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to detect the expression of miR-21 and miR-27b in the serum of all subjects.The relative expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b between the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma and healthy control patients were compared.The expression and correlation of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma of different pathological stages and Fuhrman grading were analyzed.The relationship between the expression of serum miR-21 and miR-27b and the survival and prognosis of the patients was explored as well.Results The expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma were higher than those in the healthy control group(P＜0.05).The serum miR-21 expression level in stage Ⅲ patients was higher than in stageⅠ(P＜0.05),while the serum miR-21 expression level in the stage Ⅳ patients was higher than that in stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ(P＜0.05).The expression level of miR-27b in the serum of patients gradually increased across the four stages,with a significant difference(P＜0.05).The pathological staging was positively correlated with the expression of miR-21 and miR-27b(P＜0.001).The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-27b in serum of patients gradually increased across grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ by Fuhrman grading,with significant difference(P＜0.05).Fuhrman grading was positively correlated with the serum miR-21 and miR-27b expression(P＜0.001).There was a statistically significant difference in the survival curve between the miR-21 high expression group and the low expression group(P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the survival curve between the high expression group and the low expression group of miR-27b(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma is indicative of the progression and prognosis of the patient's condition.

OBJECTIVE To prepare tetrandrine （TET）-loaded chitosan（CS）-stearic acid （SA） nano micelles modified with folic acid （FA）（ FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles）， characterize them and study the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. METHODS FA- CS-SA/TET nano micelles were prepared by ultrasonic method； the preparation technology was optimized by orthogonal test and validation test was also performed with the mass ratio of FA-CS-SA to TET， ultrasound power and ultrasound times as the factors， using the comprehensive score of entrapment efficiency （EE）， drug loading （DL） and particle size as evaluation index. FA-CS-SA/ TET nano micelles prepared by the optimal technology were characterized， and their release performance in vitro was investigated. RAW264.7 cells were used as subjects to investigate their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. RESULTS The optimal preparation technology included that the mass ratio of FA-CS-SA to TET was 2∶1， ultrasonic power was 200 W， and the ultrasonic frequency was 200 times. The parameters of FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles prepared by optimized technology included that EE was （98.86± 0.30）%， DL was （28.57±0.34）%， the average particle size was （227.0±9.4） nm， polydispersity index was 0.42±0.04， and the Zeta potential was（12.6±2.3）mV， respectively. The nano micelles were uniform in appearance and round in shape. The nano micelles were released quickly in 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution， with a cumulative release rate of （79.49±3.43）% within 72 hours， and its anti-inflammatory effect was stronger than that of TET raw materials. CONCLUSIONS FA-CS-SA/TET nano micelles are prepared successfully in the study， with good drug loading performance， uniform particle size， and good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.

AIM:To observe the different effects of three intervention approaches on related biometric parameters in children diagnosed with latent myopia, and to investigate different control effects on children with latent myopia.METHODS:Prospective cohort concurrent controls trials. A total of 60 cases(120 eyes)of children who were initially diagnosed as latent myopia and untreated previously at ophthalmology clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from December 2021 to May 2022 were recruited. They were randomly divided into three groups, with 20 cases(40 eyes)in group A treated with 0.01% Atropine eye drops, 20 cases(40 eyes)in group B treated with vision training with a flip chart, and 20 cases(40 eyes)in group C treated with esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops. They were followed-up for 12 mo, and the spherical equivalent(SE), axial length(AL), corneal curvature(CC), accommodative facility(AF), and macular retinal thickness of the three groups of children were compared at 6 and 12 mo post-intervention.RESULTS:Significant statistical differences were found in AL, SE and AF of the three groups of children at 6 and 12 mo(all P<0.05), and there were significant differences between 6 and 12 mo after the intervention(all P<0.05). SE and AF in the group B and C were higher than those in the group A(all P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in CC before and after the intervention(all P>0.05). The retinal thickness of the temporal, nasal, inferior and macular fovea of the outer ring at 6 and 12 mo after intervention in the three groups was significantly different from that at the initial diagnosis(all P<0.05), and there was significant difference between 6 mo and 12 mo after intervention(all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the retinal thickness of the other macular areas among the three groups before and after intervention(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:When it comes to preventing and controlling myopia, 0.01% Atropine is more effective than flip chart training and esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops. Therefore, the administration of 0.01% atropine and the implementation of flip chart training can effectively slow down the advancement of latent myopia.

Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common cause of vision loss due to retinal vascular disease. Macular edema(ME)is a common complication of RVO and a major cause of central vision impairment. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)is a high-resolution imaging technique that can provide detailed cross-sectional images of the retina and choroid. OCT biomarkers play an important role in the early and accurate diagnosis of RVO-ME, prediction of disease progression, and assessment of visual prognosis. This article provides an overview of various OCT biomarkers for RVO-ME, including retinal thickness, disorganization of retinal inner layers, hyper-reflectivity of retinal inner layer, the integrity of external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone, the third highest reflectance band of the fovea, hyperreflective dots, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, prominent middle limiting membrane sign, serous retinal detachment height, macular volume and choroidal thickness. These biomarkers serve as objective indicators for evaluating the severity of RVO-ME, guiding treatment decisions, and predicting visual outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of erianin （ERI） on the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） and its mechanism. METHODS PCOS rat model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone， and the successfully constructed rats were randomly divided into PCOS group， ERI low-dose， medium- dose and high-dose groups （10， 20， 40 mg/kg） and ERI high dose + verteporfin group （40 mg/kg ERI + 10 mg/kg verteporfin）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 normal rats were selected as the normal group. Rats in each administration group were given corresponding dose of ERI and/or intraperitoneal injection of vitiporfin， and rats in the PCOS group and normal group were orally administered an equal volume of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After administration， the body weight， fasting blood glucose （FPG）， serum levels of estradiol （E2）， testosterone （T）， follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） were detected in each group； morphological changes in ovarian tissue were observed， and the apoptosis of ovarian tissue cells was analyzed. Apoptosis-associated proteins [B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase-3] and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway associated proteins [large tumor suppressor kinase 1 （LATS1）， phosphorylated LATS1 （p-LATS1） and Yes associated protein （YAP）， phosphorylated YAP （p-YAP）， transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif （TAZ）] were detected in ovarian tissue. RESULTS Compared with PCOS group， the ovarian polycystic characteristics of the ERI low-dose， medium-dose，and high-dose groups were reduced， the number of atretic follicles was reduced， and the granulosa cell layer was thickened； the body mass， FPG， T， LH， LH/FSH， the number of cystic follicles， cell apoptosis index， protein expressions of Bax， Caspase-3， p-LATS1 and p-YAP were greatly decreased （P＜0.05）； the number of corpus luteum， protein expressions of E2， Bcl-2， LATS1， YAP and TAZ were greatly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with ERI high-dose group， the above indexes in ERI high-dose + vitiporfin group were inhibited （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ERI can promote the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells and improve the level of sex hormones in PCOS rats， and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of erianin （ERI） on the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） and its mechanism. METHODS PCOS rat model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone， and the successfully constructed rats were randomly divided into PCOS group， ERI low-dose， medium- dose and high-dose groups （10， 20， 40 mg/kg） and ERI high dose + verteporfin group （40 mg/kg ERI + 10 mg/kg verteporfin）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 normal rats were selected as the normal group. Rats in each administration group were given corresponding dose of ERI and/or intraperitoneal injection of vitiporfin， and rats in the PCOS group and normal group were orally administered an equal volume of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After administration， the body weight， fasting blood glucose （FPG）， serum levels of estradiol （E2）， testosterone （T）， follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） were detected in each group； morphological changes in ovarian tissue were observed， and the apoptosis of ovarian tissue cells was analyzed. Apoptosis-associated proteins [B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase-3] and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway associated proteins [large tumor suppressor kinase 1 （LATS1）， phosphorylated LATS1 （p-LATS1） and Yes associated protein （YAP）， phosphorylated YAP （p-YAP）， transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif （TAZ）] were detected in ovarian tissue. RESULTS Compared with PCOS group， the ovarian polycystic characteristics of the ERI low-dose， medium-dose，and high-dose groups were reduced， the number of atretic follicles was reduced， and the granulosa cell layer was thickened； the body mass， FPG， T， LH， LH/FSH， the number of cystic follicles， cell apoptosis index， protein expressions of Bax， Caspase-3， p-LATS1 and p-YAP were greatly decreased （P＜0.05）； the number of corpus luteum， protein expressions of E2， Bcl-2， LATS1， YAP and TAZ were greatly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with ERI high-dose group， the above indexes in ERI high-dose + vitiporfin group were inhibited （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ERI can promote the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells and improve the level of sex hormones in PCOS rats， and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.

MethodIn the experiment， 46% vol Red Star Erguotou （10 mL·kg·d^-1） was used to establish the AONFH rat model， and the intervention effect of JPHGP at different doses （2.5， 5.0， 10.0 g·kg^-1） was observed. Jiangusheng pill （JGS， 1.53 g·kg^-1） was selected as the positive control. After 8 weeks of administration， the bone histomorphometry of the femoral head was analyzed by Micro-CT imaging， and the area of medullary microvessels in the femoral head was detected by ink perfusion. The pathological change was observed by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. The protein expressions of Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （CD31）， VEGF， VEGFR2， PI3K， phosphor-Akt （p-Akt） and phosphatase and Tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 （PTEN） in the femoral head were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. ResultCompared with normal group， the model group presented the fracture and thinning of trabeculae in the femoral head， increased empty bone lacunae， and elevated number and diameter of adipocytes （P<0.01）. Micro-CT imaging revealed a decrease in bone mineral density （BMD）， bone volume fraction （BV/TV）， trabecular thickness （Tb.Th） and trabecular number （Tb.N） （P<0.05， P<0.01） while an increase in bone surface-to-volume ratio （BS/BV） and trabecular separation （Tb.Sp） （P<0.01）. The results of ink perfusion showed that the area of medullary microvessels in the femoral head was reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， JPHGP lowered the empty bone lacunae rate as well as the number and diameter of adipocytes in the femoral head of AONFH rats. Micro-CT imaging indicated that JPHGP low-dose group had elevated BV/TV， Tb.Th and Tb.N （P<0.05， P<0.01） while decreased BS/BV （P<0.01）， and there was an upward trend in BMD while a downward trend in Tb.Sp， but without statistical difference. In addition， JPHGP medium- and high-dose groups had a rise in BMD， BV/TV， Tb.Th and Tb.N （P<0.05， P<0.01）， a decrease in BS/BV and Tb.Sp （P<0.05， P<0.01） and enlarged area of medullary microvessels in the femoral head （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of CD31， VEGF， VEGFR2， PI3K， p-Akt in the model group were lower than those in the normal group （P<0.01）， and after medium and high doses of JPHGP treatment， the expressions of CD31， PI3K and p-Akt in the femoral head of rats were up-regulated （P<0.01） while the protein expression of PTEN was down-regulated （P<0.01）. Moreover， JPHGP up-regulated the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionJPHGP can repair the vascular injury in AONFH， and its mechanism may be related to the activation of VEGF/VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provides certain scientific basis and reference for the clinical application of JPHGP. ObjecctiveTo observe the repair effect of Jianpi Huogu prescription （JPHGP） on vascular injury in experimental alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （AONFH）， and to explore its mechanism based on vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）/VEGFR2/phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway.

Chorioretinal disease has become a significant problem affecting human vision. Abnormal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)leads to increased fundus permeability and neovascularization. Vitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents can rapidly inhibit the level of VEGF in the eye and effectively control the development of the disease. At present, anti-VEGF agents are widely administered in ophthalmology. However, studies have shown that intravitreal anti-VEGF agents can reduce plasma VEGF concentration after entering the circulatory system, and the pointless off-target effects of drugs may lead to systemic adverse reactions. For elderly patients, patients with serious comorbidities, lactating women, premature infants and other special populations, attention should be paid to systemic VEGF inhibition after multiple injections. In this paper, in order to provide reference for clinical anti-VEGF therapy, the pharmacokinetics therapy, systemic adverse reactions, contralateral eye effects, and effects of anti-VEGF on breast milk and preterm infants were discussed, and the systemic effects of vitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents were reviewed.