ObjectiveTo understand the status of parasitic infection in the food sold on market in Qingpu District of Shanghai, and to provide an evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies for parasitic infection applicable to Qingpu District. MethodsAquatic products, meat products and other foodstuffs sold on online shops, at farm product markets, supermarkets/foodstores and restaurants were sampled in Qingpu District, Shanghai, during 2015‒2023, based on the administrative division of Qingpu District. The parasitic infection in the food samples were examined using pressing method and digestion for detecting metacercariae in freshwater products and pickled products, using dissection microscopy for Anisakis larvae in seawater products, Taenia cysticercus and Trichinella encysted larvae in meat products. ResultsA total of 1 079 samples of food products were examined during 2015‒2023, with a total parasite infection rate of 13.44%. The total parasite infection rate of freshwater fish products was 3.40% (16/471), and the difference of parasite infection rates between different freshwater fish species was statistically significant (χ²=229.609, P=0.001). The total infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 3.18% (15/471), which had been detected in Pseudorasbora parva, Cyprinidae rhodeus, and Carassius auratus, with a positive rate of 77.78% (7/9), 50.00% (5/10) and 3.90% (3/77), respectively. Metorchis orientalis was detected in in Pseudorasbora parva, with a positive rate of 33.33% (3/9). The positive rate of Gnathostoma spinigerum (third-stage larvae) was 0.81%. Paragonimus metacercariae were not detected in the freshwater shrimps and crabs. The infection rate of seawater fish products was 26.46%. The difference of parasite infection rate in seawater fishes was statistically significant (χ²=109.181, P=0.001). A total of 53 pork and beef samples were tested, none was detected with Trichinella larva cysts, Taenia solium metacercariae, and Taenia saginata metacercariae. The total infection rate of pickled yellow mud snail products was 58.11% (43/74). Paragonimus metacercariae was not detected in any of the pickled aquatic product samples. ConclusionThere are different degrees of parasitic infection in freshwater products, seawater products and pickled aquatic products in Qingpu District of Shanghai. The risk of parasite infection from raw or undercooked foods is high. Health education on healthy dietary practices such as throughly cooked food should be strengthened for local residents.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tooth-supporting tissues, and it constitutes a major global public health concern. Methylation modifications, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and RNA m6A modification, represent reversible processes coordinately regulated by methyltransferases, demethylases, and binding proteins. In periodontitis, aberrant methylation modifications suppress Toll-like receptor 2 expression, leading to oral microbial dysbiosis. These modifications further disrupt normal immune regulatory functions through C-C motif chemokine ligands, Fc-γ receptor-mediated phagocytosis, and NF-κB signaling pathways, resulting in localized immune-inflammatory imbalance in periodontal tissues. In addition, various methylation modifications regulate the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osterix (OSX), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), thereby interfering with osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, disrupting bone homeostasis, and ultimately driving alveolar bone resorption. Methylation-related biomarkers demonstrate promising potential for periodontitis screening and prognostic evaluation. While numerous abnormally methylated sites have been identified in periodontitis, the precise signaling pathways and comprehensive epigenetic regulatory networks remain to be fully elucidated. This review systematically summarizes the functional roles of DNA methylation modifications in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and explores their potential value in etiological studies, diagnostic biomarker discovery, and targeted therapeutic interventions, with the aim of providing novel perspectives for periodontitis prevention and treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVE To provide empirical basis for promoting the dynamic adjustment of the pharmaceutical care catalogue and the formulation of policies such as hierarchical payment of medical insurance. METHODS A multicenter cross- sectional survey method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among 424 inpatients in 22 tertiary medical institutions in 12 prefecture-level cities of Hubei Province to evaluate their demand for pharmaceutical care， willingness to pay and preference for service forms. Combined with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis， the influencing factors and key factors that affect patients’ willingness to pay for pharmaceutical care were identified. RESULTS Only 39.86% of the patients were aware of pharmaceutical care or pharmacists， and 89.62% of the patients hope to receive pharmaceutical care. Among the 16 types of pharmaceutical care， the patients surveyed had a relatively high recognition rate for guidance on drug usage and dosage， notification of medication precautions， and the identification， prevention and handling of adverse drug reactions. 96.70%， 95.30%， and 94.12% respectively expressed strong approval and approval. The demand for services such as insurance-related policy consultation， popular science on the mechanism of drug action， and assessment of the combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicines was relatively low， with 61.65%， 68.47%， and 68.47% expressing strong approval and approval respectively. The positive influencing factors of willingness to pay were household monthly income ＞ 5 000 yuan （OR＝1.742）， awareness of pharmaceutical care or pharmacists （OR＝3.620）， and the desire to receive pharmaceutical care （OR＝4.686） （P＜0.05）， while self-rating health as “good” （OR＝0.390） was a negative influencing factor （P＜0.05）. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases （54.48%） and antihypertensive drugs （45.05%） were the service scenarios that the surveyed patients most hope to be covered. 85.14% of the patients preferred “service when xiaochnye@126.com needed”， with a single service duration of less than 10 minutes being appropriate （84.43%）， and the willingness to pay within 20 yuan being the main type （85.38%）. CONCLUSIONS Based on the characteristics of patients’ needs and payment behaviors， it is suggested that our country could consider establishing a hierarchical payment mechanism for pharmaceutical care， and focus on differentiated design in combination with diseases and medication situations. At the same time， the rights， responsibilities and service standards of resident pharmacists in the links such as medication reorganization and medical order review should be further clarified to comprehensively enhance the clinical value and policy operability of pharmaceutical care.

Primary splenic lymphoma is a rare malignant neoplasm， with similar clinical manifestations to Sjogren’s syndrome and liver cirrhosis， which often leads to misdiagnosis. This article reports a case of primary splenic lymphoma misdiagnosed as Sjogren’s syndrome with liver cirrhosis， in order to improve the understanding of primary splenic lymphoma， Sjogren’s syndrome， and liver cirrhosis and avoid misdiagnosis and treatment delay.

Hydropic ear disease is an otological disease caused by hydrops in the labyrinth of the inner ear membrane. According to the medical history and imaging classification system, it is mainly divided into two types: primary hydropic ear disease and secondary hydropic ear disease. The clinical manifestations vary depending on the anatomical localization of hydrops. Cochlear endolymphatic hydrops can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear fullness. Vestibular endolymphatic hydrops can cause dizziness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and gait instability. A number of studies on magnetic resonance imaging of hydropic ear disease have been carried out globally and relevant results have been obtained. This article reviews the research advances of magnetic resonance imaging of hydropic ear disease.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Endolymphatic Hydrops/diagnosis* ; Ear, Inner/pathology*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) against heat stress (HS)-induced oncosis in human skeletal muscle cells (HSKMCs) and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A HSKMC model of HS-induced oncosis were established by 43 ℃ water bath for 4 h, and the effects of treatments with 30 μmol/L DEX, ML385 (a Nrf2 inhibitor) +DEX, si-Nrf2+HS, and si-Nrf2+DEX prior to modeling on cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Oncosis characteristics were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. The oxidative stress markers (GSH, GSH-Px, MDA, SOD and ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, energy metabolism, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in the cells were quantified using standard kits, and the expressions of porimin, caspase-3 and Nrf2 pathway proteins were analyzed using Western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: HS induced typical oncotic features in HSKMCs including organelle swelling and cytoplasmic vacuolization. DEX pretreatment significantly attenuated these changes, reduced Annexin V⁺/PI⁺ cell ratio and cellular porimin expression, and lowered the levels of ROS and MDA while restoring GSH and SOD levels. DEX pretreatment also significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level, upregulated the expressions of Nrf2, p-Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, and suppressed the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. The protective effects of DEX were obviously attenuated by interventions with ML385 or si-Nrf2. CONCLUSIONS DEX mitigates HS-induced HSKMC oncosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to relieve oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory responses.
Humans ; Dexmedetomidine/pharmacology* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Heat-Shock Response/drug effects* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology* ; Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/drug effects*

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage poses a high risk of death or lifelong disability, yet effective treatments remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that miR-100-5p levels in the lesioned cortex increased after HI insult in neonatal mice. Knockdown of miR-100-5p expression in the brain attenuated brain injury and promoted functional recovery, through inhibiting the cleaved-caspase-3 level, microglia activation, and the release of proinflammation cytokines following HI injury. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing neuron-targeting rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) and miR-100-5p antagonists (RVG-EVs-Antagomir) selectively targeted brain lesions and reduced miR-100-5p levels after intranasal delivery. Both pre- and post-HI administration showed therapeutic benefits. Mechanistically, we identified protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha (Ppp3ca) as a novel candidate target gene of miR-100-5p, inhibiting c-Fos expression and neuronal apoptosis following HI insult. In conclusion, our non-invasive method using engineered EVs to deliver miR-100-5p antagomirs to the brain significantly improves functional recovery after HI injury by targeting Ppp3ca to suppress neuronal apoptosis.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism* ; Mice ; Recovery of Function/physiology* ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Antagomirs/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Brain Injuries/metabolism* ; Glycoproteins ; Peptide Fragments ; Viral Proteins

The clinical efficacy advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound prescriptions have always been inadequately characterized in experimental research，which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of TCM pharmacology and even the progress of TCM. The concept of simultaneous treatment/regulation，guided by the theory of mutual generation and restriction of five zang-organs，has guiding significance in the clinical practice of TCM throughout history and is still widely used in the current clinical practice. However，this unique and clinically valuable diagnostic and therapeutic medication system based on the syndrome differentiation has been completely ignored in the modern research of TCM pharmacology，which might be one of the key factors restricting the pharmacological characterization of the therapeutic advantages of TCM compound prescriptions. On the basis of systematically summarizing the phased progress and achievements of the efficacy evaluation of TCM compound prescriptions，this article explores the path of exploring the pharmacological advantages of TCM compound prescriptions on simultaneous treatment/regulation on the basis of the correlation patterns of five zang-organs，from the theory of Zangxiang，the core concept of five zang-organs，and the TCM disease recognition based on the theory of mutual generation and restriction of five zang-organs. With the heart-lung correlation as a breakthrough point，this study explored a new characterization method for the pharmacological advantages of TCM，aiming to provide new ideas for evaluating the efficacy of TCM compound prescriptions.

ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effect of Changju Zhidong prescription on gut microbiota structure of children with tic disorder（TD）. MethodTwenty-four children with TD who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic of Dongzhimen Hospital of Bejjing University of Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the observation group， and eight healthy children were selected as the normal group. The observation group was treated with Changju Zhidong prescription for 12 weeks， and the clinical efficacy was observed by Yale global tic severity scale（YGTSS）， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome score， and score of TCM symptom evaluation scale for pediatric gastrointestinal tract. Meanwhile， The fecal samples of the observation and normal groups were collected before and after treatment， and 16S rDNA sequencing was used to explore the effects of Changju Zhidong prescription on the distribution of gut microbiota of the children. ResultCompared with the pre-treatment， the YGTSS， TCM syndrome score， and score of TCM symptom evaluation scale for pediatric gastrointestinal tract of the observation group were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of treatment（P<0.05）， Simpson and Pieloue indices in alpha diversity were significantly reduced（P<0.05）. Before treatment， the relative abundance of Streptococcus parasanguini in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the normal group， while the relative abundances of Citrobacter， Lactobacillus， Lacticaseibacillus， Muribaculaceae unclassified， Odoribacter and 7 other bacterial groups were significantly lower than that in the normal group. Compared with the pre-treatment， the observation group showed a significant decrease in Ruminococcus torques group unclassified and Ruminococcus torques group， and a significant increase in Olsenella， Acetivibrio and 4 other bacterial groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways of Changju Zhidong prescription regulating gut microbiota were bacterial secretion system， insect hormone biosynthesis， limonene and pinene degradation， novobiocin biosynthesis， tropane piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. ConclusionThe pathogenesis of children with TD is accompanied by intestinal flora disorders， and Changju Zhidong prescription can improve core and gastrointestinal symptoms， increase the abundance of beneficial and decrease the abundance of harmful gut microbiota in children with TD， and its mechanism may be through the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides.

With the rapid development of social economy， the number of patients with nervous system diseases has increased， and the incidence of the population has a trend of younger， which has a serious impact on life health and social economy. Artemisinin is an active antimalarial component extracted and isolated from Artemisia annua， a Chinese medicinal material. Artemisinin and its derivatives， in addition to the antimalarial effect， also have anti-parasitic， anti-fungal， anti-viral， hypoglycemic， hypolipidemic， anti-tumor， and anti-inflammatory effects， showing a wide range of pharmacological activities. In the past five years， research on the new pharmacological effects of artemisinin and its derivatives has been deepening， and the efficacy of artemisinin and its derivatives in nervous system diseases has attracted much attention， including anti-neuroinflammation， anti-oxidative stress， maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier， regulating the release of neurotransmitters， repairing neuronal damage， and promoting neuronal regeneration. These pharmacological effects indicate that artemisinin and its derivatives are potentially capable of neuroprotection. By sorting out literature on the pharmacological activity of artemisinin and its derivatives in nervous system during 2019－2024， this paper systematically summarized the protective effects of artemisinin and its derivatives against nervous system diseases such as stroke， neurodegenerative diseases， neuroimmunological diseases， neuralgia， and nervous system tumors. This review is expected to provide clues and evidence for new indication expansion of artemisinin drugs， innovative drug development， and clinical treatment of nervous system diseases.