This paper reviews the published articles of recent years on the application of deep learning methods in automatic localization of acupoint, and summarizes it from 3 key links, i.e. the dataset construction, the neural network model design, and the accuracy evaluation of acupoint localization. The significant progress has been obtained in the field of deep learning for acupoint localization, but the scale of acupoint detection needs to be expanded and the precision, the generalization ability, and the real-time performance of the model be advanced. The future research should focus on the support of standardized datasets, and the integration of 3D modeling and multimodal data fusion, so as to increase the accuracy and strengthen the personalization of acupoint localization.
Deep Learning ; Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Neural Networks, Computer

Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment. To date, differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties, which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects. On the basis of current research evidence, this expert consensus outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, clinical grading, ancillary examinations, diagnostic basis, prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM. In addition to strategies such as basic oral care, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, anti-infective agents, pro-healing agents, and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines, we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment. This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, standardizing clinical practice, reducing OM occurrence, promoting healing, and improving the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Risk Factors ; Stomatitis/etiology*

Objective To investigate the application effects of different myocardial protective solutions in total thoracoscopic minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery.Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with total thoracoscopic minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery in this hospital from May 2020 to January 2024 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into the St Thomas cardioplegia group(STH group,n=13),del Nido cardioplegia group(DN group,n=24),histidine tryptophan ketoglutar-ate solution group(HTK group,n=35)according to the different myocardial protective solutions.The levels of lactate(Lac)before and during surgery,the highest levels of myocardial creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),high-sensitivity troponin T(TnT)and creatinine(Cr)before operation,on the operative day and after surgery as well as the duration of extracorporeal circulation,aortic cross-clamping time,maximum flow rate,minimum bladder temperature,cardioplegia perfusion times,number of defibrillation after aortic de-clamping,postoperative ventilator assisted time,ICU stay duration and postoperative hospitalization duration were com-pared among the three groups.Results Except for 1 case of HTK was discharged automatically after surgery,the other 71 cases recovered and discharged according to the doctor's advice.There were no statistically signif-icant differences in the age,body weight,extracorporeal circulation time,aortic blocking time,maximum flow volume of extracorporeal circulation,minimum bladder temperature of extracorporeal circulation,Lac before extracorporeal circulation,highest Lac during extracorporeal circulation,assistant time of postoperative venti-lator,ICU stay duration,postoperative hospitalization duration,serum Cr before operation,Cr on operative day,preoperative TnT,postoperative TnT on operative day,postoperative highest TnT,preoperative CK-MB,postoperative CK-MB on operative day and postoperative highest CK-MB among the three groups(P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the defibrillation ratio after aortic de-clamping and perfusion frequency of myocardial protective solution(P＜0.05).There was statistically significant difference in the perfusion frequency of myocardial protective solution in pairwise comparison among groups(P＜0.05),and the defibrillation ratio after aortic de-clamping had statistical difference between the DN group and HTK group(P＜0.05).Conclusion DN,STH and HTK all have good myocardial protective effect in total thoraco-scopic minimally invasive aortic valve surgery.HTK has the advantages of less perfusion times and decreasing the operative procedures compared with DN and STH;DN has the advantage of lower use for electrical defib-rillation correcting arrhythmias after aortic opening over HTK.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of percutaneous liver puncture for local management of portal vein thrombosis(PVT).Methods Variations in thrombus,blood flow,and laboratory examination results were observed before and after percutaneous liver puncture in 197 patients with PVT,and the occurrence of comorbidities was recorded and followed up for one year after treatment.Results After treatment,the thrombus in the main portal vein vessels almostly disappeared in 119 patients(60.41％)with PVT,the thrombus had a significant reduction in 57 patients(28.93％),and the thrombus had a smaller change or an increase in 21 patients(10.66％);146 patients(74.11％)had smooth blood flow in the main portal vein vessels,29 patients(14.72％)showed significant improvement in blood flow,and 22 patients(11.17％)showed no significant improvement or worsening of blockage.The mean portal venous pressure was significantly lower than that before treatment(P＜0.001);thrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,and prothrombin time were prolonged compared to those before thrombolysis(P＜0.001),and fibrinogen were reduced compared to those before thrombolysis(P＜0.001).A total of 35 patients(17.77％)occured comorbidities during treatment.One year after treatment,196 patients(99.49％)with PVT survived,of which thrombus essentially disappeared in 141(71.94％),thrombus stabilized(or decreased)in 42(21.43％),and thrombus increased in 13(6.63％).Conclusion percutaneous liver puncture for local management of PVT is effective and reliable in the short-term and requires standardized management of the entire process.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)combined with indwelling catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of portal vein thrombosis(PVT).Methods The clinical efficacy of 307 patients with portal hypertension complicated by PVT,who received successful TIPS combined with indwelling catheter-directed thrombolysis at the Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University of China between January 2016 and December 2019,were retrospectively analyzed.Before and after TIPS,the inferior vena cava pressure(IVCP)and portal vein pressure(PVP)were measured,and the pre-TIPS,post-TIPS(before thrombolysis),and post-thrombolysis portal pressure gradient(PPG,PPG=PVP-IVCP)was separately calculated.Reexamination of portal venography DSA was performed to determine the degree of PVT disappearance and whether the shunt was unobstructed.All patients were followed up for one year.Results The pre-TIPS,post-TIPS(before thrombolysis),and post-thrombolysis mean PPG was(24.50±6.91)mmHg,(18.51±5.11)mmHg,and(10.17±3.97)mmHg,respectively.The post-thrombolysis mean PPG was strikingly lower than the pre-thrombolysis values,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Among the 307 patients,complete disappearance of PVT was observed in 221(72.3%),remarkable reduction of PVT in 86(27.7%),and no invalid result was seen.The patients having complete patency of the shunt flow accounted for 85.7%of the 307 patients(261/307),and the patients having partial patency of the shunt flow accounted for 14.3%of the 307 patients(46/307).Forty-two patients developed complications,and no death occurred.All patients were followed up for one year,and the main clinical symptoms were improved or completely disappeared.Among the 307 patients,an increase in thrombus volume was found in 17(5.5%)when compared to their postoperative values,which returned to the first-time postoperative level after local treatment of the thrombus via the TIPS shunt combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis.Within one year after TIPS and thrombolysis,overt hepatic encephalopathy(OHE)occurred in 54 patients(17.6%,54/307).One patient died of hepatic failure 9 months after TIPS,another patient died of cerebral hemorrhage 11 months after TIPS,and all the remaining patients were alive.Conclusion For patients with portal hypertension complicated by PVT,TIPS combined with indwelling catheter-directed thrombolysis is clinically safe and effective.The standardized,systematic management of the whole therapeutic process should be strengthened.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,32:22-27)

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the iterative cone beam CT (iCBCT) imaging mode of Varian linear accelerators and to explore its specific advantages in clinical application.Methods:The kV cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging systems of Halcyon 2.0, Edge, and VitalBeam linear accelerators from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital were selected, among which Halcyon 2.0 and Edge were equipped with the iCBCT imaging mode. The Penta-Guide phantom was used to evaluate the registration accuracy of iCBCT imaging modes. The accuracy of treatment couch position was measured by a ruler. The image quality of the iCBCT and conventional CBCT modes of various imaging devices were analyzed using the CatPhan604 phantom. The imaging beam-on time and reconstruction time were measured to assess image acquisition efficiency. The uniformity, spatial resolution, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image acquisition time and reconstruction time between two imaging modes were statistically analyzed by t-test. Results:The maximum deviations of image registration measurement results of the iCBCT mode for Halcyon 2.0 and Edge accelerators compared to the standard values were 0.7 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. The treatment couch position error of all devices was less than 1 mm. The iCBCT images under head scanning protocol primarily improved the uniformity and CNR. Compared to conventional CBCT images, Halcyon iCBCT increased the uniformity and CNR by 2.50% ( P<0.001) and 78.85% ( P<0.001), respectively, while Edge increased them by 2.18% ( P<0.001) and 86.42% ( P<0.001), both superior to VitalBeam CBCT images. Under pelvis scanning protocols, iCBCT images primarily improved the CNR compared to conventional CBCT images. Halcyon and Edge iCBCT increased the CNR by 113.57% ( P<0.001) and 133.87% ( P<0.001), respectively, both superior to VitalBeam CBCT images. In terms of image acquisition efficiency, the average reconstruction times for Halcyon and Edge iCBCT images increased by 7.28 s and 15.53 s, respectively, and the total image acquisition time of Halcyon accelerator was the shortest. Conclusions:While ensuring the registration accuracy, iCBCT imaging mode can significantly improve the CNR of images and improve the uniformity of images under head scanning protocol. The Halcyon imaging system can enhance image acquisition efficiency.

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in the field of drug discovery and development.In particular, natural language processing technology has been significantly improved after the emergence of the pre-training model.On this basis, the introduction of graph neural network has also made drug development more accurate and efficient.In order to help drug developers more systematically and comprehensively understand the application of artificial intelligence in drug discovery, this article introduces cutting-edge algorithms in AI, and elaborates on the various applications of AI in drug development, including drug small molecule design, virtual screening, drug repurposing, and drug property prediction, finally discusses the opportunities and challenges of AI in future drug development.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TTN-AS1 on the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Methods:The expression of TTN-AS1 in breast cancer cells was detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into the 0 Gy group, 4 Gy group, negative control (NC) +4 Gy group, si- TTN-AS1+4 Gy group, si- TTN-AS1+ miR-107 inhibitor+4 Gy group, and si- TTN-AS1+ miR-107 inhibitor+si- HMGA1+4 Gy group. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis rates in each group. Results:Compared with breast epithelial cells, TTN-AS1 was significantly highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines ( P<0.001). Compared with the NC+4 Gy group, the cell proliferation ability was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) and cell apoptosis was significantly increased ( P<0.001) in the si- TTN-AS1+4 Gy group. Compared with the 0 Gy group, the expression levels of TTN-AS1 and HMGA1 from 8 h to 24 h after radiotherapy were significantly up-regulated (both P<0.01), whereas the expression of miR-107 was significantly down-regulated from 8 h to 24 h after radiotherapy in the 4 Gy group ( P<0.001). The cell proliferation ability in the si- TTN-AS1+ miR-107 inhibitor+4 Gy group was significantly higher than that in the si- TTN-AS1+4 Gy group ( P<0.001), and cell apoptosis was significantly lower than that in the si- TTN-AS1+4 Gy group ( P<0.001). Compared with the si- TTN-AS1+ miR-107 inhibitor+4 Gy group, cell proliferation ability was significantly decreased ( P<0.001), whereas cell apoptosis was significantly increased in the si- TTN-AS1+ miR-107 inhibitor+si- HMGA1+4 Gy group ( P<0.001). Conclusion:TTN-AS1 can promote the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by regulating the miR-107/ HMGA1 signaling axis.

Objective:By using balloon occlusive hepatic angiography in cirrhotic portal hypertension to evaluate contrast doses on the detection rate of intrahepatic venous-lateral branch shunt (HVVC), and the effect on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and portal vein pressure gradient (PPG).Methods:From Jan 2018 to Jun 2021, 131 patients received transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) at Beijing Shijitan Hospital.Results:A positive correlation between PVP and weged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP) ( r=0.241, P=0.001) was found when only by right hepatic vein approach. Ten ml of iodine contrast medium when compared to 5ml doses found more cases of intrahepatic venous-venous lateral branch shunt. The mean PPG of patients with HVVC was significantly higher than the mean of HVPG( P<0.05).The right hepatic vein was the only reliable vein by which WHVP was measured. Conclusions:Right hepatic vein manometry,adequate ballon occlusion and using 10ml of iodine contrast help get reliable WHVP and found HVVC; HVVC can affect the consistency of HVPG and PPG.

Objective:To investigate the accuracy of 3.0 T MR in the diagnosis of full thickness tear and partial thickness tear of the supraspinatus-infraspinatus tendon, and to analyze the causes of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of the supraspinatus-infraspinatus tendon tear.Methods:The MRI diagnosis report and arthroscopic surgery records of 210 patients with shoulder joint injuries in Peking University Third Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Taking the results of arthroscopic surgery as the gold standard, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of 3.0 T MR for full thickness tear and partial thickness tear of the supraspinatus-infraspinatus tendon were calculated, and the reasons of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were analyzed.Results:In 210 patients with rotator cuff injury, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRI for full thickness tear of the supraspinatus-infraspinatus tendon were 81.4% (171/210), 83.1% (98/118), 79.3% (73/92), 83.7% (98/117) and 78.4% (73/93) respectively. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRI for partial tears of the supraspinatus-infraspinatus tendons were 77.6% (163/210), 65.7% (44/67), 83.2% (119/143), 64.7% (44/68) and 83.8% (119/142) respectively. Among the 44 cases of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of the supraspinatus-infraspinatus tendon tear, 21 cases (47.7%) occurred in the junction supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon-osseous (stop). Among the 7 cases of intra-tendon tear of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle, 6 cases were misdiagnosed cases, which was the most easily missed diagnosed type of partial tear. The reason for missed diagnosis was that the signal of partial tear was not high (no fluid signal was shown on T 2WI). Complex laceration was also a type of missed diagnosis in partial tears. Among the 4 cases of superior and inferior surface tendons combined with intra-tendon lacerations, 3 cases were missed diagnosed. Conclusion:3.0 T MR has higher accuracy for the diagnosis of full thickness tear and partial thickness tear of supraspinatus-infraspinatus tendon, but there is still a certain rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. A full understanding of the causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of MR in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons is helpful to further improve the accuracy of MR in the diagnosis of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon injuries of shoulder joint.