Recently， the American College of Gastroenterology （ACG） released the clinical guidelines on perioperative risk assessment and management of patients with cirrhosis， proposing a comprehensive approach for perioperative risk assessment and management in these patients. The guidelines mainly focus on the severity of liver diseases， extrahepatic comorbidities， and surgery-specific factors， with an emphasis on individualized risk stratification using validated risk assessment tools （such as the VOCAL-Penn score） for patients with cirrhosis. This article gives an excerpt of the key statements in the guidelines.

This paper systematically reviews the current status of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection， as well as recent progress in clinical and basic research both in China and internationally. It summarizes the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in Hp infection management， including improving Hp eradication rates， enhancing antibiotic sensitivity， reducing antimicrobial resistance， decreasing drug-related adverse effects， and ameliorating gastric mucosal lesions. These advantages are particularly evident in patients who are intolerant to bismuth-containing regimens， those with refractory Hp infection， and individuals with precancerous gastric lesions. An integrated， whole-process management approach and individualized， staged comprehensive treatment strategies combining TCM and western medicine are proposed for Hp infection. Future prevention and control of Hp infection should adopt an integrative Chinese-western medical strategy， emphasizing prevention， strengthening primary care， implementing proactive long-term monitoring， optimizing screening strategies， and advancing the development of novel technologies and mechanistic studies of Chinese herbal interventions. These efforts aim to provide a theoretical basis and practical pathways for the establishment and improvement of Hp infection prevention and control systems.

Objective: To understand the hydration status and related factors of rural boarding primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for drinking water health intervention for primary school students. Methods: In November 2023, a convenience sampling approach was employed to conduct a hydration status survey among 144 boarding students in grades 5 and 6 of a rural primary school in Guangxi. The Duplicate meal method and weighing method were utilized to measure the food derived water intake over three consecutive days. Urine osmolarity of students was measured on site for three days, and a simple physical examination was also carried out. A self administered questionnaire was used to investigate students drinking water literacy, daily water intake, and physical activity levels. Meanwhile, a drinking water literacy survey was conducted among 21 substitute teachers and 144 parents of the boarding students in grades 5 and 6. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with students hydration status. Results: The median daily total water intake of students was 2 043.55 mL, and 54.86% of the students did not reach the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). The median food derived water intake was 1 149.24 mL, accounting for 53.94% of the total water intake. Univariate analysis revealed that the daily drinking frequency, daily water intake, and food derived water intake of students were related factors of hydration status ( β =-1.60, -1.01, -0.00, all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students with a daily drinking frequency of ≥7 times were more likely to maintain an adequate hydration status ( OR =0.28, 95% CI =0.09-0.93, P ＜0.05). Conclusions The water intake from food is the main source of water in the body for boarding primary school students in a certain rural school in Guangxi. Primary school students should increase their water intake frequency appropriately to maintain an adequate hydration status.

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of overlapping hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection and the serological characteristics of such patients. MethodsA total of 8 637 patients with HCV infection who were hospitalized from January 1， 2010 to December 31， 2020 and had complete data of HBV serological markers were enrolled， and the composition ratio of patients with overlapping HBV serological markers was analyzed among the patients with HCV infection. The patients were divided into groups based on age and year of birth， and serological characteristics were analyzed， and the distribution of HBV-related serological characteristics were analyzed across different HCV genotypes. ResultsThe patients with HCV/HBV overlapping infection accounted for 5.85%， and the patients with previous HBV infection accounted for 48.10%； the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 14.67%， while the patients with a lack of protective immunity against HBV accounted for 31.39%. The patients were divided into groups based on age： in the 0 — 17 years group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 61.41% （304 patients）； the 18 — 44 years group was mainly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （698 patients， 37.31%）， the 45 — 59 years group was predominantly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （1 945 patients， 50.38%）， and the ≥60 years group was also predominantly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （1 486 patients， 61.66%）. The patients were divided into groups based on the year of birth： in the pre-1992 group， the patients with previous HBV infection accounted for 51.63% （4 112 patients）； in the 1992 — 2005 group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 54.72% （168 patients）； in the post-2005 group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 64.38% （235 patients）. In this study， 6 301 patients underwent HCV genotype testing： the patients with genotype 1b accounted for the highest proportion of 51.71% （3 258 patients）， followed by those with genotype 2a （1 769 patients， 28.07%）， genotype 3b （63 patients， 1.00%）， genotype 3a （10 patients， 0.16%）， genotype 4 （21 patients， 0.33%）， and genotype 6a （5 patients， 0.08%）. ConclusionWith the implementation of hepatitis B planned vaccination program in China， there has been a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with previous HBV infection among the patients with HCV/HBV overlapping infection， but there is still a relatively high proportion of patients with a lack of protective immunity against HBV.

Ferroptosis is a key driver of the onset and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. By exploring the role of ferroptosis in COPD from the perspective of "qi deficiency with retention and stagnation"， it is considered that mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalanced antioxidant defenses are the microscopic manifestations of "qi deficiency"， whereas iron accumulation and lipid peroxide deposition constitute the pathological basis of "retention and stagnation". In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the treatment principle is tonifying deficiency and benefiting qi， scattering retention and unblocking stagnation. Its mechanism involves improving the antioxidant system and mitochondrial function to enhance cellular resistance to ferroptosis， as well as relieving pulmonary iron overload， excessive lipid peroxidation， and inflammatory factor release to reduce the accumulation of pathological products， thereby exerting therapeutic effects on COPD.

Objective To explore the underlying mechanisms by which time-restricted feeding(TRF)attenuates dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis in mice via modulation of regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma(Reg3γ)expression and gut microbiota.Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 mice were stratified by body weight and randomized into ad libitum feeding(AL)and TRF groups(n=7).The AL mice were given unrestricted food access,whereas the TRF mice were allowed feeding only during 00:00 and 08:00 daily,for totally 4 weeks.Mouse colitis model was induced at the fourth week by adding 2.5%dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)in drinking water for 6 d.Disease severity and the effects of TRF were assessed with disease activity index(DAI)scoring,colon length measurement,HE staining and histopathological scoring,and mRNA expression levels of regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma(Reg3g)and inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissues.Another 14 mice were randomized into AL plus antibiotic cocktail(AL+ABX)and TRF plus antibiotic cocktail(TRF+ABX)groups,with 7 animals in each group.ABX was administered to deplete gut microbiota and evaluate the microbiota dependence of TRF in attenuating colitis.Fecal samples from AL and TRF mice were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing(16S rRNA-seq),and serum lipopolysaccharide(LPS)level was measured.The colonic epithelial cells were collected for RNA-seq.Results After modeling,the AL mice exhibited typical colitis symptoms,such as weight loss,diarrhea,and hematochezia.TRF intervention significantly attenuated these above symptoms,with lower DAI scores from day 4 post-modeling(P<0.001),reduced colon shortening(P<0.01),preserved tissue architecture,and decreased inflammation.RT-qPCR analysis showed that TRF down-regulated colonic mRNA expression levels of Reg3g and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α)(P<0.05)while up-regulated that of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10(P<0.000 1)when compared with the corresponding levels in AL mice.ABX treatment led no significant differences between the AL+ABX and TRF+ABX groups in term of DAI score,colon length,or histopathology.Obviously down-regulated Reg3g was observed in the TRF+ABX group than the AL+ABX group(P<0.05),whereas L-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and IL-10 showed no notable changes.16S rRNA-seq revealed that TRF markedly reshaped gut microbiota composition,with increased Gram-positive bacterial abundance,reduced Gram-negative bacteria,with concomitant lower serum LPS level(P<0.001).RNA-seq also indicated significant suppression of NF-κB and other inflammation-related signaling pathways in the TRF group.Conclusion TRF attenuates DSS-induced colitis in mice by downr-egulating Reg3γ expression,reshaping gut microbiota,and reducing serum LPS level,and thereby suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways.

A molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of tenuazonic acid(TeA)was developed based on the Au-MoS2/MOF(Fe2+/Fe3+)high-efficiency catalytic cycle amplification strategy,using p-aminobenzoic acid(PABA)as the functional monomer,and TeA as the template molecule.The molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)was prepared on the surface of Au-MoS2/MOF(Fe2+/Fe3+)modified electrode through electropolymerization.By introducing flower-like MoS2 nanoflakes(MoS2 NFs)as a co-catalyst into a mixed-valence structured Fe-MOF(Fe2+/Fe3+),the H2O2 electrochemical signal of the MIP/Au-MoS2/MOF(Fe2+/Fe3+)/GCE was significantly enhanced.Under optimal conditions,the sensor exhibited good selectivity and high sensitivity toward TeA.A linear relationship(R2=0.992)was observed between the electrochemical response and TeA concentration in the range of 0.001-10 μg/kg,with a detection limit of 0.3 ng/kg.The developed method was successfully applied to determination of TeA in fruit samples,with recoveries ranging from 90.8%to 110.8%,and relative standard deviations from 1.9%to 8.4%.

Early screening of tumors is crucial for prevention and treatment of cancer,thus identifying effective biomarkers is of great importance for early diagnosis of tumors.In recent years,tumor-secreted exosomes(Exos)have attracted widespread attention as a novel biomarker for tumor liquid biopsy.Especially,some specific proteins contained in Exos play important roles in the occurrence,development,metastasis and microenvironment regulation of tumors,indicating their enormous potential as potential diagnostic biomarkers for tumors.Compared to traditional biopsy sample testing,exosome-based protein detection methods exhibit significant advantages in liquid biopsy,including rapid sampling,easy operation,non-invasiveness,and feasibility for early detection,holding important application value for clinical diagnosis of tumors.This review aimed to comprehensively summarize and discuss various detection strategies for exosomal proteins in liquid biopsy for tumors,while comprehensively evaluating the analytical performance of these methods.Meanwhile,new perspectives and strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of tumors were discussed.Additionally,the unique advantages of exosomal proteins as a new generation of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers and insights into their promising prospects for future clinical applications were emphasized.

Objective To analyze the literature in the field of body fluid identification collected in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)database from 2000 to 2023,and explore the research sta-tus,hotspots and development trends in this field.Methods The CiteSpace software was utilized to conduct a visual analysis of the literature in the field of body fluid identification included in the WoSCC database from 2000 to 2023.Meanwhile,a bibliometric analysis of the annual publication vol-ume,journal distribution,national contribution,research institutions,author collaboration,and keywords of the literature was conducted.Results A total of 715 papers on forensic body fluid identification were included,and the annual publication volume showed a continuous and stable growth.Among the 55 countries(regions)that published papers,the United States ranked first with 174 papers,followed by China with 107 papers.In terms of journal distribution,Forensic Science International:Genetics had the largest number of papers,which accounted for 20%of the total papers.In terms of author collaboration,a total of 2 079 authors participated in body fluid identification research,and the author collaboration network showed a clearly clustered distribution.The keywords analysis revealed that re-search hotspots focused on traditional methods,specific RNA molecular markers,DNA methylation,spectroscopy,and the application of microbiomics.Conclusion Research in the field of forensic body fluid identification is thriving,and research institutions and teams should strengthen their collaboration.Establishing unified result interpretation standards and systems and exploring the multiple biomarkers combined application methods will be the research hotspots and important directions for future research in this field.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,laboratory examination indicators,and auxilia-ry examination results of critically ill children with adenovirus pneumonia,screen relevant indicators with warning effects for critically ill children with adenovirus pneumonia,and construct an early identification scale for critically ill children with adenovirus pneumonia.Methods The clinical data of totally 86 children with adenovirus pneumonia admitted in the hospital from May 2021 to September 2023 were retrospectively ana-lyzed,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen relevant indicators for the early identifi-cation of severe adenovirus pneumonia in children.The sensitivity and the specificity were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Experts conducted a quantitative evaluation of the weight scores of each factor,and finally an early identification scale for critically ill children with adenovirus pneumo-nia was developed.Results Among 86 children with severe adenovirus pneumonia,34 were critically ill with adenovirus pneumonia.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of respiratory distress,respiratory distress,consciousness and behavior disorders,respiratory symptoms,cardiovascular symptoms,and neurological symptoms between the two groups(P<0.05).The differences of white blood cell count,platelet count,erythrocyte dynamic sedimentation rate,serum ferritin,serum ferritin/erythrocyte dynamic sed-imentation rate,R-glutamyltransferase,alanine aminotransferase,lactate dehydrogenase between the severe group and the critically ill group were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression a-nalysis showed that white blood cell count,platelet count,alanine aminotransferase,serum ferritin/erythrocyte dynamic sedimentation rate and lactate dehydrogenase were all influencing factors for the progression to criti-cal illness in children with adenovirus pneumonia(P<0.05),and the ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve of the diagnostic model composed of white blood cell count,platelet count,alanine aminotrans-ferase,serum ferritin/red blood cell dynamic sedimentation rate,and lactate dehydrogenase for diagnosing crit-ical illness was 0.864,and the sensitivity and the specificity were 86.42%and 82.76%,respectively.After 25 peer experts evaluated the weight scores of various clinical manifestations and examination items,the early i-dentification scale for critically ill children with adenovirus pneumonia was finally developed.Conclusion Dur-ing clinical treatment,the clinical manifestations of children with adenovirus pneumonia can be considered in conjunction with relevant auxiliary examination results,and early identification scales can be used to determine whether children with adenovirus pneumonia are at risk of developing into critical illness.