Purpose To explore the forensic pathological features of deaths caused by craniocerebral injury in traf-fic accidents,in order to provide forensic practitioners with a more rigorous approach to identification.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 225 autopsy reports of traffic accident fatalities resulting from craniocerebral in-jury.The causes of death were classified,tabulated,and analyzed.Results Among the 225 autopsy reports,the main causes of death included primary brain injury,secondary brainstem injury,and complications.The main types of injuries craniocerebral injuries observed were skull fractures,cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral contusion,cerebral edema and so on.Conclusion The occurrence of craniocerebral injury is related to factors such as age,vehicle,collision speed,and road conditions,and there is an inherent regularity to these factors.Forensic practitioners should combine comprehesive and systematic pathological examinations,clinical data,and the inherent regularities of related factors to make objective,comprehensive,and accurate determinations of the cause of death in traffic accident-related craniocere-bral injuries.

Purpose To explore the forensic pathological features of deaths caused by craniocerebral injury in traf-fic accidents,in order to provide forensic practitioners with a more rigorous approach to identification.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 225 autopsy reports of traffic accident fatalities resulting from craniocerebral in-jury.The causes of death were classified,tabulated,and analyzed.Results Among the 225 autopsy reports,the main causes of death included primary brain injury,secondary brainstem injury,and complications.The main types of injuries craniocerebral injuries observed were skull fractures,cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral contusion,cerebral edema and so on.Conclusion The occurrence of craniocerebral injury is related to factors such as age,vehicle,collision speed,and road conditions,and there is an inherent regularity to these factors.Forensic practitioners should combine comprehesive and systematic pathological examinations,clinical data,and the inherent regularities of related factors to make objective,comprehensive,and accurate determinations of the cause of death in traffic accident-related craniocere-bral injuries.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of combined complete preservation of chordal structure mitral valve replacement (C-MVR) with total anatomical arterial myocardial revascularization (TACR) in coronary patients with moderate-to-severe or severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR).Methods:This is a retrospective multi-center case series study. Data were retrospectively collected from 127 patients with coronary artery disease with moderate to severe or severe IMR who received TACR with C-MVR from July 2015 to April 2024 in 13 hospitals in China. There were 90 males and 37 females, aged (56.5±10.7) years (range: 33 to 74 years). Perioperative data and follow-up data including left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and patency rate of arterial grafts of patients were collected. Comparisons were made using paired sample t-test or χ2 test. Results:In this cohort of 127 patients, 67 underwent concurrent tricuspid valve repair. During surgery, 113 grafts of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), 127 grafts of the left radial artery, 80 grafts of the right radial artery, and 110 grafts of the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) were harvested. The number of the distal anastomosis was 4.2±0.4 (range: 3 to 5). The aortic cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass time were (97.5±23.4) minutes (range: 90 to 161 minutes) and (145.4±19.2) minutes (range: 101 to 210 minutes), respectively. There was one operative death. Intraoperative placement of an intra-aortic balloon pump was performed in 21 patients to improve the left ventricular ejection. No sternal ischemic occurred. All patients completed follow-up, with a mean follow-up period of (64.3±7.5) months (range: 4 to 110 months). No major cerebrovascular events occurred during the follow-up period, and all patients survived. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved postoperatively (55.0%±5.3% vs. 41.0%±15.3%, t=17.23, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with New York Heart Association functional class ≤2 increased postoperatively (23.6% (30/127) vs. 87.3% (110/126), χ2=103.77, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Classification ≤3 decreased postoperatively (4.8% (6/126) vs. 78.7% (100/127), χ2=142.19, P<0.01). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased postoperatively ((5.70±4.50) cm vs. (6.10±0.23) cm, t=12.15, P<0.01). Coronary multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) follow-up was conducted for (60.5±11.7) months (range: 6 to 109 months) postoperatively. MDCTA confirmed the patency rates of the grafts: 96.4% (108/112) for the LIMA grafts, 88.9% (112/126) for the left radial artery grafts, 93.7% (74/79) for the right radial artery grafts, and 90.9% (100/110) for the free RIMA grafts. No significant differences in graft patency rates were observed between the arterial grafts ( χ2=5.24, P=0.155). Conclusion:The results of this multi-centre study demonstrate satisfactory mid-term results of C-MVR with TACR for the treatment of coronary artery disease with moderate to severe or severe IMR.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of combined complete preservation of chordal structure mitral valve replacement (C-MVR) with total anatomical arterial myocardial revascularization (TACR) in coronary patients with moderate-to-severe or severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR).Methods:This is a retrospective multi-center case series study. Data were retrospectively collected from 127 patients with coronary artery disease with moderate to severe or severe IMR who received TACR with C-MVR from July 2015 to April 2024 in 13 hospitals in China. There were 90 males and 37 females, aged (56.5±10.7) years (range: 33 to 74 years). Perioperative data and follow-up data including left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and patency rate of arterial grafts of patients were collected. Comparisons were made using paired sample t-test or χ2 test. Results:In this cohort of 127 patients, 67 underwent concurrent tricuspid valve repair. During surgery, 113 grafts of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), 127 grafts of the left radial artery, 80 grafts of the right radial artery, and 110 grafts of the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) were harvested. The number of the distal anastomosis was 4.2±0.4 (range: 3 to 5). The aortic cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass time were (97.5±23.4) minutes (range: 90 to 161 minutes) and (145.4±19.2) minutes (range: 101 to 210 minutes), respectively. There was one operative death. Intraoperative placement of an intra-aortic balloon pump was performed in 21 patients to improve the left ventricular ejection. No sternal ischemic occurred. All patients completed follow-up, with a mean follow-up period of (64.3±7.5) months (range: 4 to 110 months). No major cerebrovascular events occurred during the follow-up period, and all patients survived. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved postoperatively (55.0%±5.3% vs. 41.0%±15.3%, t=17.23, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with New York Heart Association functional class ≤2 increased postoperatively (23.6% (30/127) vs. 87.3% (110/126), χ2=103.77, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Classification ≤3 decreased postoperatively (4.8% (6/126) vs. 78.7% (100/127), χ2=142.19, P<0.01). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased postoperatively ((5.70±4.50) cm vs. (6.10±0.23) cm, t=12.15, P<0.01). Coronary multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) follow-up was conducted for (60.5±11.7) months (range: 6 to 109 months) postoperatively. MDCTA confirmed the patency rates of the grafts: 96.4% (108/112) for the LIMA grafts, 88.9% (112/126) for the left radial artery grafts, 93.7% (74/79) for the right radial artery grafts, and 90.9% (100/110) for the free RIMA grafts. No significant differences in graft patency rates were observed between the arterial grafts ( χ2=5.24, P=0.155). Conclusion:The results of this multi-centre study demonstrate satisfactory mid-term results of C-MVR with TACR for the treatment of coronary artery disease with moderate to severe or severe IMR.

Objective:To explore the influences of FibroScan detection on the pregnancy outcomes of pregnant rats transfected with hepatitis B virus and the growth of their offspring rats.Methods:Sixty SPF-grade SD rats with a male-to-female ratio of 5∶1 were selected，randomly divided the female rats into the groups of mid-pregnancy with hepatitis B，late-pregnancy with hepatitis B，normal mid-pregnancy，normal late-pregnancy，and control group，and the rats in the mid-pregnancy and late-pregnancy groups were subjected to FibroScan testing on the 10th and 15th days of gestation respectively. The number of offspring rats in each group was randomly reduced to 10 on the 3rd day after delivery，and the offspring rats were divided into the groups of mid-pregnancy with hepatitis B，late-pregnancy with hepatitis B，normal mid-pregnancy，normal late-pregnancy，and control group. The pregnancy outcome levels of pregnant rats were observed by adopting a stratified analysis strategy，including differences in weight changes，number of deliveries，fetal rat outcomes，lactation conditions，litter size，and litter weight. The growth levels of offspring rats，including differences in weight，body length，tail length，and the time of fur growth，tooth eruption，eye opening，and ear standing on the 21st day were observed，and the survival rate of the offspring rats was compared.Results:With regard to the pregnancy outcome levels of the pregnant rats，there were no statistically significant differences in weight changes during pregnancy among the five groups of pregnant rats［ F（4，45）=2.627，Adjusted P=0.222］. There were also no statistically significant differences in the number of deliveries，fetal rat outcomes，and lactation conditions（Adjusted P=1.000）. The number of deliveries［ F（4，21.095）=2.280，Adjusted P=0.222］and litter weight［ F（4，20.128）=2.159，Adjusted P=0.222］showed no statistically significant differences. After correction using the BH method，none of the indicators showed significant differences（ P>0.05）. In terms of the growth levels of the offspring rats，among the five groups of offspring rats，there were no statistically significant differences in body weight on the 21st day［H（4）=11.623，Adjusted P=0.135］，body length on the 21st day［H（4）=10.962，Adjusted P=0.135］，and tail length on the 21st day［H（4）=9.126，Adjusted P=0.058］. Besides，the differences in the time of fur growth，tooth eruption，eye opening，and ear standing［H（4）=0.000，Adjust P=1.000］showed no statistical significance. The survival rate on the 7th day，14th day，and 21st day was 100%，with no significant differences（Adjusted P=1.000）. After correction using the BH method，none of the indicators showed significant differences（ P>0.05）. Conclusion:FibroScan detection had no significant influences on the pregnancy outcomes of pregnant rats with hepatitis B or on the growth of their offspring rats in multiple stages，dimensions，and indicators，indicating that FibroScan detection is safe for pregnant rats. This research provides an animal experimental basis for the safe use of FibroScan in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.

Objective The anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plants in the six species of Selaginella genus were compared,and their effective parts and components were analyzed.Methods The total flavonoid content of various extraction parts and the main components of ethyl acetate part of Selaginella were determined by ultraviolet and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),respectively.In vitro inflammatory cell models were constructed using Concanavalin A(ConA)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced rat splenic lymphocytes and mouse macrophages,and cell viability was measured by CCK-8 methods.The nitric oxide(NO)level was determined by the Griess method,and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by ELISA.The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and TNF-α,among other inflammatory factors,were detected by RT-PCR.Results The flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate part of Selaginella was relatively high,and biflavonoids such as amentoflavone was the main components.All the extraction parts of the six species of Selaginella showed no significant cytotoxicity.The ethyl acetate part,roberstonin-4'-methylether,and amentoflavone could significantly reduce the release of NO in RAW264.7 cells or lymphocytes,and the ethyl acetate part of Selaginella labordei were the most effective in both models.Selaginella labordei had a rich variety of biflavonoid components,with roberstonin-type biflavonoids relatively higher than other species.The mechanism of action was related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α levels,the downregulation of mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,iNOS,and others.Conclusion All six species of Selaginella have certain in vitro anti-inflammatory effects and Selaginella labordei showed stronger activity,with biflavonoids as their main active components.

Objective The anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plants in the six species of Selaginella genus were compared,and their effective parts and components were analyzed.Methods The total flavonoid content of various extraction parts and the main components of ethyl acetate part of Selaginella were determined by ultraviolet and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),respectively.In vitro inflammatory cell models were constructed using Concanavalin A(ConA)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced rat splenic lymphocytes and mouse macrophages,and cell viability was measured by CCK-8 methods.The nitric oxide(NO)level was determined by the Griess method,and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by ELISA.The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and TNF-α,among other inflammatory factors,were detected by RT-PCR.Results The flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate part of Selaginella was relatively high,and biflavonoids such as amentoflavone was the main components.All the extraction parts of the six species of Selaginella showed no significant cytotoxicity.The ethyl acetate part,roberstonin-4'-methylether,and amentoflavone could significantly reduce the release of NO in RAW264.7 cells or lymphocytes,and the ethyl acetate part of Selaginella labordei were the most effective in both models.Selaginella labordei had a rich variety of biflavonoid components,with roberstonin-type biflavonoids relatively higher than other species.The mechanism of action was related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α levels,the downregulation of mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,iNOS,and others.Conclusion All six species of Selaginella have certain in vitro anti-inflammatory effects and Selaginella labordei showed stronger activity,with biflavonoids as their main active components.

Objective:To explore the influences of FibroScan detection on the pregnancy outcomes of pregnant rats transfected with hepatitis B virus and the growth of their offspring rats.Methods:Sixty SPF-grade SD rats with a male-to-female ratio of 5∶1 were selected，randomly divided the female rats into the groups of mid-pregnancy with hepatitis B，late-pregnancy with hepatitis B，normal mid-pregnancy，normal late-pregnancy，and control group，and the rats in the mid-pregnancy and late-pregnancy groups were subjected to FibroScan testing on the 10th and 15th days of gestation respectively. The number of offspring rats in each group was randomly reduced to 10 on the 3rd day after delivery，and the offspring rats were divided into the groups of mid-pregnancy with hepatitis B，late-pregnancy with hepatitis B，normal mid-pregnancy，normal late-pregnancy，and control group. The pregnancy outcome levels of pregnant rats were observed by adopting a stratified analysis strategy，including differences in weight changes，number of deliveries，fetal rat outcomes，lactation conditions，litter size，and litter weight. The growth levels of offspring rats，including differences in weight，body length，tail length，and the time of fur growth，tooth eruption，eye opening，and ear standing on the 21st day were observed，and the survival rate of the offspring rats was compared.Results:With regard to the pregnancy outcome levels of the pregnant rats，there were no statistically significant differences in weight changes during pregnancy among the five groups of pregnant rats［ F（4，45）=2.627，Adjusted P=0.222］. There were also no statistically significant differences in the number of deliveries，fetal rat outcomes，and lactation conditions（Adjusted P=1.000）. The number of deliveries［ F（4，21.095）=2.280，Adjusted P=0.222］and litter weight［ F（4，20.128）=2.159，Adjusted P=0.222］showed no statistically significant differences. After correction using the BH method，none of the indicators showed significant differences（ P>0.05）. In terms of the growth levels of the offspring rats，among the five groups of offspring rats，there were no statistically significant differences in body weight on the 21st day［H（4）=11.623，Adjusted P=0.135］，body length on the 21st day［H（4）=10.962，Adjusted P=0.135］，and tail length on the 21st day［H（4）=9.126，Adjusted P=0.058］. Besides，the differences in the time of fur growth，tooth eruption，eye opening，and ear standing［H（4）=0.000，Adjust P=1.000］showed no statistical significance. The survival rate on the 7th day，14th day，and 21st day was 100%，with no significant differences（Adjusted P=1.000）. After correction using the BH method，none of the indicators showed significant differences（ P>0.05）. Conclusion:FibroScan detection had no significant influences on the pregnancy outcomes of pregnant rats with hepatitis B or on the growth of their offspring rats in multiple stages，dimensions，and indicators，indicating that FibroScan detection is safe for pregnant rats. This research provides an animal experimental basis for the safe use of FibroScan in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.

Objective The monosaccharide composition of Abelmoschus Manihot Radix polysaccharide was identified and then we evaluated the therapeutic effect on slow transit constipation.Finally,the pharmacodynamic substances and molecular mechanisms in the polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix to improve slow transit constipation were explored by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.Methods The polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix has been prepared by aqueous-alcoholic precipitation and has been determined by HPAEC method;The mice model of slow transit constipation was made by sc loperamide(10 mg?kg-1)and the therapeutic effect for the treatment of constipation was evaluated by two indicators:fecal water content and small intestinal propulsion rate;Pathological changes in the colon tissue of STC mice were observed by HE.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin-1 expression in colon tissue of STC mice;qRT-PCR method was used to detect mRNA expressions of AQP3,AQP4,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in each group;Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to explore the potential targets and pathways of the polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix in treating slow transit constipation.Results The Polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix significantly increased fecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate in mice caused by slow transit constipation,decreased the expressions of AQP3,AQP4,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA(P<0.01,P<0.001),protected the integrity of the colonic barrier in STC mice,and increased the protein expressions of ZO-1 and claudin-1 in colon tissues of STC mice.By network pharmacology,it was found that monosaccharides such as rhamnose,fucose and glucuronic acid could mainly act on key targets such as STAT3,JUN,CASP3,HSP90AA1,VEGFA and IL-1β and regulate the Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications to improve the symptoms of constipation in mice.Western blot results showed that intervention with polysaccharides from the roots of Solanum palmatum significantly reduced the expression of CASP3,VEGFA and IL-1β protein in the colon tissue of constipated mice.Conclusion The polysaccharide from Abelmoschus Manihot Radix can treat slow transit constipation through multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway therapy.It provides a scientific basis for the further clinical application of Abelmoschus Manihot and drug development(National patent ZL202310894613.3.has been authorized)and it is expected to promote the efficient utilisation of resources from the non-medicinal parts of Abelmoschus Manihot.

Objective To study the identification methods and traits of the Chinese medicinal materials Inonotus obliquus.Methods Samples were collected from the origin of northeast China,and source identification,molecular biology identification,trait identification,microscopic identification and HPLC assay were used to study the Inonotus obliquus,its non-pure fungous part,and counterfeit.Results Inonotus obliquus had a nodular shape,the microstructure was closely interconnected with mycelia,and the medicinal part was the sclerotium,not the"fruiting body"as stipulated in the current standards of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Occasionally,a very small amount of tubule and subiculum could be seen in Inonotus obliquus.Tubule hole shape was circular,with a diameter of 130-190 μm,and ruptured.The pipe wall structure was special,which was composed of longitudinal arranged small compartment with diameter of 2-5-8 μm.Non-pure fungous part was the decayed host xylem infiltrated by mycelia.The contents of trametenolic acid and ergosterol in this part were significantly lower than the pure sclerotium(P<0.05).The microstructure and HPLC fingerprints of Inonotus obliquus and the counterfeit burl were clearly distinguishable from each other.Conclusion The method used is able to identify the authenticity of Inonotus obliquus and the quality of the medicinal materials.