To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of fall risk among Chinese older adults, and to examine the roles of urban-rural differences, regional disparities, physical health status, and psychosocial factors in falls among this population, thereby providing evidence for tailored fall prevention strategies.

Based on the data from the 5^th National Physical Fitness Surveillance in China, this study aimed to explore the relationship between abnormal body weight and physical fitness levels in older adults.

To explore the dose-response correlation between appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and muscle strength in older adults.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of embryonic intervention with Zuogui pill on the glucose tolerance in offsprings of pregnant rats with gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， positive control group （insulin glargine）， Zuogui pill low-， medium- and high-dose groups （4.725， 9.45， 18.9 g/kg）. In addition to the blank group， streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally to establish a gestational diabetes mellitus rat model. From day 6 to day 18 of pregnancy， each group was given relevant medicine and distilled water intragastrically， once a day. After 21 days of birth， the body weight and body length of offsprings were recorded， and the area under the curve （AUC） was calculated through a glucose tolerance test. After 22 days of birth， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， fasting insulin （FINS） levels in serum， insulin sensitivity index （ISI）， and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） were measured， and the morphological structure of pancreatic tissue was observed. The protein spectrum of pancreatic tissue was analyzed by tandem mass tag-based proteomics， and protein and mRNA expression levels of apolipoprotein A1（ApoA1）， solute carrier family 27 member 1 （Slc27a1）， kininogen 1（Kng1） and sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha 2 （Atp1a2）， solute carrier family 7 member 5 （Slc7a5）， solute carrier family 3 member 2 （Slc3a2）， bile acid-coenzyme A： amino acid N- acyltransferase （Baat）， eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit gamma （Eif2s3） were detected. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the body weight， body length and ISI of offsprings in the positive control group and Zuogui pill medium-dose group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）， while the glucose tolerance and islet cell proliferation were significantly improved， and the AUC， FBG， FINS and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. There were 88 potential target proteins for the embryonic intervention of Zuogui pill in offsprings of pregnant rats with gestational diabetes mellitus，involving multiple pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR）， cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G （cGMP-PKG）， fat digestion and absorption， and bile secretion. The proteins closely related to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance mainly included ApoA1， Slc27a1， Kng1， Atp1a2， Slc7a5， Slc3a2， Baat， and Eif2s3. Among them， compared with the model group， protein and mRNA expressions of Slc7a5， Slc3a2， and Baat in the pancreatic tissues of pregnant rat offsprings in the Zuogui pill medium-dose group were significantly up-regulated （P＜0.05）； protein and mRNA expressions of ApoA1， Slc27a1， Kng1， Atp1a2 and Eif2s3 were all significantly down-regulated （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The intervention of Zuogui pill in the embryonic period on offsprings of pregnant rats with gestational diabetes mellitus can improve their blood glucose levels and pancreatic pathological morphology. The mechanism may be related to the upregulation of the expressions of Slc7a5， Slc3a2， and Baat and the down-regulation of ApoA1， Slc27a1， Kng1， Atp1a2 and Eif2s3 expressions in the PPAR， cGMP-PKG， fat digestion and absorption， and bile secretion pathways.

Objective:To analyze the current research status of ideological and political education content in domestic nursing courses and facilitate nursing education reform.Methods:Using purposeful sampling, 25 exemplary cases of ideological and political education in nursing courses from Xinhua Net were selected. NVivo 12 software was employed for content analysis, summarizing the ideological and political elements, carriers of these elements, and types of integration methods in nursing courses.Results:Nursing educators have thoroughly explored ideological and political elements, with the most attention given to professional ethics, though less focus was placed on personality development. A variety of carriers for ideological and political elements were utilized, with practical experience being the most common, but there was a lack of integration with policy and regulations. Various integration methods were applied, with interactive methods being the most frequently used, while practical approaches were less common.Conclusions:Future nursing education should emphasize fostering students' sense of national identity and focus more on personality development. It is important to promote a more balanced use of carriers for ideological and political elements, paying particular attention to policy-related content. The use of information technology in teaching should also be explored to flexibly apply various teaching methods, achieving the subtle integration of ideological and political education within nursing curricula.

Objective:To explore the vigilant attention function and behavioral changes in sleep disordered breathing(SDB) children.Methods:Thirty SDB children (SDB group) and 30 normal children (control group) were selected from June 2022 to August 2023. All participants underwent continuous performance test(CPT-AX) (Go/Nogo) and behavioral test. The latency and amplitude of contingent negative variation(CNV) components under cue/uncue conditions in leads F3, Fz and F4 were measured. The t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to conduct statistical analysis by SPSS 25.0 software. Results:(1) There were no statistically significant differences in the number of correct responses, reaction time and number of false alarms between the SDB group and the control group (all P>0.05).(2) The latencies of cue-CNV in the SDB group(F3: 618.00(582.50, 644.50)ms, Fz: 603.00(579.50, 634.00)ms, F4: (606.87±25.07)ms) were longer than those in the control group(F3: (508.47±25.82)ms, Fz: 502.00(470.00, 520.50)ms, F4: 514.00(487.00, 536.50)ms) in leads F3, Fz and F4. The latency of cue-CNV of lead F4 in the SDB group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The latencies of uncue-CNV in lead F3 and Fz in the SDB group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Conclusion:SDB children have shown activation in the right brain area during attentional tasks, and the prolonged CNV latency may be a sensitive neuroelectrophysiological marker for early clinical assessment of vigilant attention dysfunction.

Objective:To explore the mental health level of Chinese adults aged 20~79 years and its association with exercise based on the surveillance data.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 161 901 samples from the Fifth National Physical Fitness Surveillance, including 121 928 adults aged 20-59 years and 39 973 elderly aged 60-79 years. The mental health status was assessed by a comprehensive questionnaire, and the participation in frequency and duration of exercise were investigated. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were applied to test the relationship between exercise and mental health using SPSS 26.0 software.Results:The rate of depressive symptoms among residents aged 20-79 years in China was 16.6%(26 311/158 518). In the adults aged 20-59 years, the rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were 18.0%(21 465/119 409) and 13.8%(16 435/119 444), respectively, and the proportion of those who often or always felt stressed was 15.3%(18 373/120 444). In the elderly aged 60-79 years, the rate of depression symptoms was 12.4%(4 846/39 109), the proportion of those with loneliness scale scores higher than 25 was 32.8%(12 650/38 525), and 4.0%(1 587/39 395) elderly often or always felt stressed. Compared with the non-exercisers, the risk of depression symptoms in the exercisers was reduced by 20% ( β=-0.22, OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.78-0.82). With increased frequency and intensity of physical exercise, the mental health condition improved significantly. For those who exercised at least 3 days a week and had moderate intensity or above, the detection rate of depression symptoms decreased by 35% ( β=-0.39, OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.63-0.67).The negative associations between exercise and depression were found in different ages, genders and resident subgroups. The risk of anxiety was 6% lower in the adults who participated in physical activity ( β=-0.06, OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.97) and 15% lower in those who exercised over 3 days per week at moderate-to-vigorous intensity ( β=-0.16, OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.81-0.89). No association between exercise and risk of stress was observed ( P>0.05), but the positive effect was also found as exercise frequency and intensity increased. Older adults with exercise had a reduced risk of high loneliness scores by 50% ( β=-0.70, OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.47-0.52) and a 35% lower detection of stress risk ( β=-0.43, OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.59-0.72). Conclusion:Exercise was significantly and meaningfully associated with self-reported mental health.Exercise can actively and effectively prevent and improve mental health.

Objective:To explore the cognitive function characteristics of children with primary snoring (PS) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) using event-related potentials.Methods:From October 2020 to October 2022, 20 children with OSAHS, 20 children with PS, and 22 normal children were recruited for continuous performance task (CPT) and behavioral assessments. ERP and behavioral data were meticulously recorded, with measurements of N1, P2, N2, and P3 wave amplitudes and latencies at F3, Fz, and F4 electrode sites. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test via SPSS 25.0 software.Results:(1) Behavioural test: There was no statistically significant difference in terms of correct responses, response times, and false alarms among the three groups (all P>0.05). (2) F3 Lead: There were statistically significant differences in Go-P2 amplitude, Nogo-P2 amplitude, Nogo-P2 latency, Go-P3 amplitude, and Nogo-P3 latency among the three groups (all P<0.05). Specifically, the OSAHS group exhibited higher Go-P2 amplitude((15.03±5.12) μV vs (10.97±5.50)μV), Nogo-P2 amplitude((14.80±5.84) μV vs (9.67±4.79)μV), and Go-P3 amplitude((11.58±6.02) μV vs (7.49±4.89) μV) compared to the normal group. Additionally, the OSAHS and PS groups exhibited longer Nogo-P2 latency compared to the normal group((223.10±20.61) ms vs (208.00±23.09) ms, (230.60±13.61) ms vs (208.00±23.09) ms), as well as prolonged Nogo-P3 latency((459.20±34.26) ms vs (460.40±24.52) ms and (429.91±31.49) ms) (all P<0.05). Fz Lead: There were statistically significant differences in Go-N1, Go-P2, Nogo-P2, Go-P3, Nogo-N2 wave amplitudes, and Nogo-P3 latency among the three groups (all P<0.05). Compared to the normal group, the OSAHS group exhibited increased Go-P3 amplitude((9.07±5.68) μV vs (5.10±3.51) μV) and decreased Nogo-N2 amplitude((-8.80±5.97) μV vs (-12.84±4.86) μV). Moreover, both the OSAHS and PS groups had prolonged Nogo-P3 latency compared to the normal group((481.60±45.16) ms vs (435.13±28.17) ms and 484.00(443.50, 525.00) ms vs (435.13±28.17) ms) (both P<0.05). F4 Lead: There were statistically significant differences in Go-P2 and Nogo-P2 wave amplitudes among the three groups (all P<0.05). Compared to the normal group, the OSAHS group demonstrated increased Go-P2 amplitude((13.72±5.64) μV vs (9.70±4.59) μV) and Nogo-P2 amplitude((13.90±5.35) μV vs (9.64±3.74) μV) (both P<0.05). Conclusions:Both children with OSAHS and PS exhibit attentional cognitive impairments. However, children with OSAHS demonstrate more pronounced deficits in conflict monitoring, response inhibition, and executive functioning. The prolonged latency of the P3 wave serves as a sensitive electrophysiological marker for the early detection of neurocognitive impairment in children with sleep disordered breathing.

Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of caregiver readiness of elderly patients with chronic heart failure.Methods From March 2021 to April 2022,the convenient sampling method was used to select 335 caregivers of elderly patients with chronic heart failure who were hospitalized in 6 hospitals in Hangzhou as the survey subjects.The general information questionnaire,Caregiver Readiness Scale and Caregiver Burden Scale were used to investigate the caregivers of elderly patients with chronic heart failure.Results A total of 326 valid questionnaires were collected.The score of Caregiver Readiness Scale for elderly patients with chronic heart failure was(18.88±6.36),and 61.04%of the caregivers had mild to moderate burden.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the caregiver's age,education level and cumulative care time were the positive influencing factors of the caregiver readiness,and the caregiver burden was the negative influencing factor of the caregiver readiness(P＜0.001).Conclusion The caregiver readiness of elderly patients with chronic heart failure is at a medium level.Caregivers who are older,more educated,have a longer cumulative caregiving time,and have a lighter caregiving burden are more prepared.Medical staff should pay attention to the motivation of caregivers,provide professional support from multiple aspects,and reduce the burden of care,increase readiness level.

Objective To comprehend the present condition of sustaining within familial pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients,alongside exploring the factors that impact this continuity.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 392 COPD patients from outpatient clinics of 2 tertiary-level A hospitals and 1 community health service center in Huaihua in Hunan Province from December 2023 to February 2024 as survey respondents.Patients were surveyed using the general information questionnaire,the COPD Assessment Test,the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale,the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale,and the Brief 2-Way Social Support Scale.Results We sent out 392 questionnaires and collected 362 valid ones,with an effective response rate of 92.47％.The percentage of COPD patients who never performed home pulmonary rehabilitation was 56.08％,and the maintenance time of health behaviors in home pulmonary rehabilitation was 17.40％for 1-3 months,7.18％for 4-6 months,4.70％for 7-12 months,and 14.64％for more than 1 year.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that exercise place,pulmonary rehabilitation health education,exercise habits before having COPD,perceived level of exercise behavior,and two-way social support were influential factors affecting the maintenance of health behaviors in pulmonary rehabilitation in the families of COPD patients,which explained 38.5％of the variability.Conclusion Patients with COPD have a low level of maintenance of health behaviors in home pulmonary rehabilitation,and health education on exercise rehabilitation for COPD patients and caregivers should be strengthened to enhance patients'level of exercise perception and ability to utilize social support.