Based on the results of the National Drug Sampling and Inspection Programme,we summarized the history,the standard collection,the production enterprises and the dosage form specifications,the quality standard study,the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic study,and the clinical application study of Wuwei Qingzhuo preparation of Mongolian medicine and Shiliu Jianwei preparation of Zang medicine,to provide the basis for improved quality standards for both preparations.The development of these two preparations was searched and analyzed through literature.The available information shows that there is very little research on the two preparations and insufficient pharmacological experimental and clinical experimental data.The two preparations are basically the same in prescription and efficacy.However,the quality standards are very different,which are not conducive to the quality control of the two and their related dosage forms.And it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should take the situation of this category into comprehensive consideration,and unify the quality standards of the two preparations.

Objective To examine the quality of Zukamu preparations through the national drug sampling and testing,and further understand their current quality status and existing problems.This work is benefit for improving the quality standard of Zukamu preparations and providing technical support for the drug regulatory authorities.Methods Samples of Zukamu preparations were collected from a total of 29 provinces in China,and were tested for description,identification,other requirements(weight variation,particle size,determination of water,disprsion,and microbial limit items),and assay in accordance with the national pharmaceutical standards.The test data were analyzed to evaluate the quality status of the Zukamu preparations,and exploratory research was carried out to address the problems found in the test.Results A total of 97 batches of Zukamu preparations were sampled,and the passing rate was 100.0%according to the current quality standard.Exploratory study,revealed that Zukamu preparation were subject to 4 testing standards,with uneven test items,missing items,poor operability,and lack of exclusivity in some items.The test based on the existing standards can't comprehensively evaluate the quality of the preparation.Conclusions Based on the national drug sampling and testing,combined with exploratory research on drug safety,authenticity and effectiveness,it is recommended to unify the quality standards of Zukamu preparations by combining with the work of standard improving,revising the identification method of thin-layer chromatography,increasing the content determination,and establishing the quick test method,thereby effectively evaluating and controling the quality of the samples of Zukamu preparations.

Based on the results of the National Drug Sampling and Inspection Programme,we summarized the history,the standard collection,the production enterprises and the dosage form specifications,the quality standard study,the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic study,and the clinical application study of Wuwei Qingzhuo preparation of Mongolian medicine and Shiliu Jianwei preparation of Zang medicine,to provide the basis for improved quality standards for both preparations.The development of these two preparations was searched and analyzed through literature.The available information shows that there is very little research on the two preparations and insufficient pharmacological experimental and clinical experimental data.The two preparations are basically the same in prescription and efficacy.However,the quality standards are very different,which are not conducive to the quality control of the two and their related dosage forms.And it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should take the situation of this category into comprehensive consideration,and unify the quality standards of the two preparations.

Objective To examine the quality of Zukamu preparations through the national drug sampling and testing,and further understand their current quality status and existing problems.This work is benefit for improving the quality standard of Zukamu preparations and providing technical support for the drug regulatory authorities.Methods Samples of Zukamu preparations were collected from a total of 29 provinces in China,and were tested for description,identification,other requirements(weight variation,particle size,determination of water,disprsion,and microbial limit items),and assay in accordance with the national pharmaceutical standards.The test data were analyzed to evaluate the quality status of the Zukamu preparations,and exploratory research was carried out to address the problems found in the test.Results A total of 97 batches of Zukamu preparations were sampled,and the passing rate was 100.0%according to the current quality standard.Exploratory study,revealed that Zukamu preparation were subject to 4 testing standards,with uneven test items,missing items,poor operability,and lack of exclusivity in some items.The test based on the existing standards can't comprehensively evaluate the quality of the preparation.Conclusions Based on the national drug sampling and testing,combined with exploratory research on drug safety,authenticity and effectiveness,it is recommended to unify the quality standards of Zukamu preparations by combining with the work of standard improving,revising the identification method of thin-layer chromatography,increasing the content determination,and establishing the quick test method,thereby effectively evaluating and controling the quality of the samples of Zukamu preparations.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a fluorescence identification method of the microscopic characteristics for Plantagin Semen and its adulterants， and to provide technical support for the market supervision and inspection of TCM decoction pieces. METHODS： Under visible and ultraviolet light， comparative study and identification of the Plantagin Semen （seeds of Platago asiatica L. and Platago depressa Willd.） and its adulterants as seeds of Platago major L.， fruits of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.， seeds of Codonopsis pilosula （Franch.） Nannf， seeds （peeled） of Kochia scoparia （L.） Schrad.， fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC. were carried out by means of stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy from aspects of overall surface characteristics， umbilicus characteristics and section characteristics. RESULTS： Under visible light， the surface texture of Plantagin Semen was wavy stripe or fine wrinkle， while the adulterants were wavy stripe， longitudinal edge or texture was not obvious. The umbilicus of Plantagin Semen was located in the center of the ventral surface， while that of adulterants were located at one end except for P. major. In the section of Plantagin Semen， there were obvious direct embryos， in which the adulterants were small or circular embryos except for P. major. Under ultraviolet light， P. asiatica had obvious wavy stripes in surface， orange and light blue-green fluorescence； P. depressa had grid-shaped wrinkles and gray-blue and gray-brown fluorescence； the umbilical fluorescence of Plantagin Semen was strong， and the fluorescence of the adulterants was weak except for S. tenuifolia. There were obvious differences in fluorescence color， embryo size and distribution between the section of Plantagin Semen and adulterants. CONCLUSIONS： The stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy is effect and accurate for the identification of Plantagin Semen.

This article was aimed to study the semantic relationship of clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from 3 000 clinical medical records and outpatient medical records from books. The aim was to verify the coverage of semantic relationships of UMLS and SNOMED in medical language system with real medical records. The extraction was from the practical aspect in order to improve the semantic relationships involved in TCM clinical practice processes.

In this article, the Chinese Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Subject Headings, Standards of the People's Republic of China - Classification and Codes of Diseases and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Chinese Terms in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy were compared. Three standards were compared from the terminology quantity, content and classification. Each standard has its special feature. The compatibility and consistency are not strong in these standards. More authoritative traditional Chinese medicine terminology standards need to be established for the application in the clinical practice and scientific research.

Objective To investigate the relationship between compatibilities of prescriptions for treating stroke and their dynasty and resource distribution, provide decision support for clinical applications. Methods Totally 905 prescriptions were selected from Database of Chinese Medicine Prescriptions. Information of selected prescriptions was standardized. The frequency of single herbs appeared in the prescriptions was counted. The core herb groups of the prescriptions were calculated by Apriori algorithm, and categorized by different dynasties. The concept of classical value of prescriptions (CVP) was proposed to characterizing the degree of classical of prescriptions and revealing the law of development of the prescriptions for treating stroke. Results The selected prescriptions involved 1479 different herbs, which were picked from 245 medical books. The top 3 most frequently used herbs were Saposhnikoviae Radix (40.22%), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (36.69%) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma (32.71%). Totally 29 3-item core herb groups were obtained, and the top three actions of relieving exterior syndrome, invigoration and calming wind. With support values>80 (frequency), the main effect was relieving exterior syndrome. CVP of selected prescriptions was calculated and categorized by dynasties. The top 10 books with largest reappearing rate and their high frequent herbs, and the top 10 books with largest proportion of all selected prescriptions were obtained. Conclusion The basic law of prescriptions for treating stroke in different medical books was obtained. The dynasty distribution of CVP indicates that the research of Chinese medicine for stroke increasingly getting systematic and becoming more accurate in choosing herbs. The principles of choosing herbs to combine a prescription for treating stroke are similar among the collections of selected medical books.