Objective To investigate the mechanism of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.Methods Cell counting kit-8(CCK8)assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of APS on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS,HOS,MG63 and osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19,the cell line with the most significant inhibitory effect of APS on osteosarcoma cells was selected for subsequent experiments.Osteosarcoma cells were divided into control group(NC group),APS group,APS+sh-SP1 co treatment group with transfected SP1 knockdown plasmid(APS+sh-SP1),and APS+oe SP1 co treatment group with transfected SP1 overexpression plasmid(APS+oe SP1 group).Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SP1 protein in each group.CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of each group.Transwell assay was used to detect the metastatic ability of cells in each group.TOP/FOP Flash assay was used to detect the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.The protein expressions of Wnt3a,β-catenin,CyclinD1,cMYC,matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)and Snail were detected by western blotting.Result After 48h of APS treatment,the cell proliferation inhibition rates of osteosarcoma cells U2OS,HOS,MG63 and osteoblast cells hFOB1.19 were 62.93%±4.79%,20.66%±1.10%,39.31%±3.20%and 5.97%±0.72%,respectively.Compared with osteoblast hFOB1.19,APS significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells,and the difference was statistically significant(F=208.400,P<0.001),and the inhibitory effect on osteosarcoma U2OS cells was the most significant(t=20.380,P<0.001).Compared with NC group,SP1 protein expression,cell proliferation ability,number of transmembrane cells,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity in cells,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway key proteins Wnt3a,β-catenin,downstream proliferation-related protein CyclinD1,cMYC,and downstream metastasis related proteins MMP2 and Snail in the APS group were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=9.740～90.780,all P<0.05).Compared with the APS group,the expression of SP1 protein,cell proliferation ability,the number of transmembrane cells,the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins in the APS+sh-SP1 group were further decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.032～12.940,all P<0.05).Compared with the APS group,the expression of SP1 protein,cell proliferation ability,the number of transmembrane cells,the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins in the APS+oe-SP1 group were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.350～22.450,all P<0.05).Conclusion APS inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by targeting SP1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.Methods Cell counting kit-8(CCK8)assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of APS on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS,HOS,MG63 and osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19,the cell line with the most significant inhibitory effect of APS on osteosarcoma cells was selected for subsequent experiments.Osteosarcoma cells were divided into control group(NC group),APS group,APS+sh-SP1 co treatment group with transfected SP1 knockdown plasmid(APS+sh-SP1),and APS+oe SP1 co treatment group with transfected SP1 overexpression plasmid(APS+oe SP1 group).Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SP1 protein in each group.CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of each group.Transwell assay was used to detect the metastatic ability of cells in each group.TOP/FOP Flash assay was used to detect the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.The protein expressions of Wnt3a,β-catenin,CyclinD1,cMYC,matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)and Snail were detected by western blotting.Result After 48h of APS treatment,the cell proliferation inhibition rates of osteosarcoma cells U2OS,HOS,MG63 and osteoblast cells hFOB1.19 were 62.93%±4.79%,20.66%±1.10%,39.31%±3.20%and 5.97%±0.72%,respectively.Compared with osteoblast hFOB1.19,APS significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells,and the difference was statistically significant(F=208.400,P<0.001),and the inhibitory effect on osteosarcoma U2OS cells was the most significant(t=20.380,P<0.001).Compared with NC group,SP1 protein expression,cell proliferation ability,number of transmembrane cells,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity in cells,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway key proteins Wnt3a,β-catenin,downstream proliferation-related protein CyclinD1,cMYC,and downstream metastasis related proteins MMP2 and Snail in the APS group were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=9.740～90.780,all P<0.05).Compared with the APS group,the expression of SP1 protein,cell proliferation ability,the number of transmembrane cells,the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins in the APS+sh-SP1 group were further decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.032～12.940,all P<0.05).Compared with the APS group,the expression of SP1 protein,cell proliferation ability,the number of transmembrane cells,the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins in the APS+oe-SP1 group were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.350～22.450,all P<0.05).Conclusion APS inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by targeting SP1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis.

Objective To discuss the perioperative care and wound protection of xenotransplantation from genetically edited pigs to monkeys, with the goal of improving the success rate of such experimental procedures. Methods From October 2022 to October 2023, perioperative care and wound protection were performed on 7 recipient rhesus monkeys undergoing xenotransplantation of genetically edited pig tissues and organs. Customized wound protective garments were designed based on monkeys' size and surgical area to protect the wounds, alongside meticulous perioperative care. This included preoperative preparation and medication, intraoperative monitoring of physiological indicators and anesthesia management, and postoperative care comprising wound protection, observation and monitoring, and nutritional support. Results All seven monkeys successfully underwent xenotransplantation. With the aid of protective garments and detailed care, all surgical wounds healed by first intention, and postoperative recovery was satisfactory. Conclusion Proper care and wound protection during xenotransplantation from genetically edited pigs to monkeys not only promote wound healing, but also alleviate pain and harm to animals. This has significant implications for advancing experimental research in pig-monkey xenotransplantation and enhancing animal welfare.

Objective:To explore the evaluation effect of ultrasonography and Pirani score on tarsal deformity, treatment effect and pseudo-correction of congenital clubfoot in infants and young children, and the correlation between the two methods.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical data of 26 children (40 feet) with congenital clubfoot who were evaluated by ultrasonography in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected. There were 16 males and 10 females. The age at the first ultrasound examination was ( M(IQR)) 9.0 (18.0) days (range: 1 to 46 days). All patients were treated with Ponseti method by the same physician. The Pirani scores before and after treatment and at the last examination, and the talonavicular angle, calcaneocuboid angle and tibiocalcaneal angle measured by ultrasound were collected, and the treatment and follow-up were recorded. Paired sample t test, repeated measures analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for data comparison, and Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the efficacy of ultrasound in evaluating different Pirani scores. Results:The number of plaster fixation in 26 children was 4.0 (1.0) times (range: 2 to 8 times). The medial talonavicular angle and posterior tibiocalcaneal angle were significantly improved after treatment and at the last follow-up compared with those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). There was no difference in lateral calcaneocuboid angle before and after treatment and at the last follow-up ( F=1.971, P>0.05). Pseudo-correction occurred in 2 cases (2 feet) during the treatment, with an incidence of 5%. Correlation analysis showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between talonavicular angle and Pirani midfoot score ( r=0.480, P<0.01). There was no correlation between calcaneocuboid angle and Pirani midfoot score ( r=0.114, P=0.105). There was a moderate negative correlation between tibial heel angle and Pirani hindfoot score ( r=-0.566, P<0.01). The cut-off point of Pirani midfoot score of 1.5 was 38.78°, the sensitivity was 0.90, the specificity was 0.56, and the area under the curve was 0.75. The cut-off value of angle was 27.51 °, the sensitivity was 0.16, the specificity was 0.92, and the area under the curve was 0.44.The cut-off points of Pirani midfoot score of 3.0 were 45.08°and 9.96°, the sensitivity was 0.94 and 0.91, the specificity was 0.37 and 0.42, and the area under the curve was 0.59 and 0.62, respectively. The cut-off values of Pirani hindfoot score of 2.0 and 3.0 were 167.46° and 160.15°, respectively. The sensitivity was 0.75 and 0.67, the specificity was 0.81 and 0.83, and the area under the curve was 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. Conclusion:Ultrasound can complement with Pirani score, visually and dynamically observe the morphology and position changes of talonavicular joint, calcaneocuboid joint and tibiotalocalcaneal joint, monitor the recovery and pseudo-correction of tarsal bones, and better evaluate the therapeutic effect.

Objective:To explore the evaluation effect of ultrasonography and Pirani score on tarsal deformity, treatment effect and pseudo-correction of congenital clubfoot in infants and young children, and the correlation between the two methods.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical data of 26 children (40 feet) with congenital clubfoot who were evaluated by ultrasonography in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected. There were 16 males and 10 females. The age at the first ultrasound examination was ( M(IQR)) 9.0 (18.0) days (range: 1 to 46 days). All patients were treated with Ponseti method by the same physician. The Pirani scores before and after treatment and at the last examination, and the talonavicular angle, calcaneocuboid angle and tibiocalcaneal angle measured by ultrasound were collected, and the treatment and follow-up were recorded. Paired sample t test, repeated measures analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for data comparison, and Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the efficacy of ultrasound in evaluating different Pirani scores. Results:The number of plaster fixation in 26 children was 4.0 (1.0) times (range: 2 to 8 times). The medial talonavicular angle and posterior tibiocalcaneal angle were significantly improved after treatment and at the last follow-up compared with those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). There was no difference in lateral calcaneocuboid angle before and after treatment and at the last follow-up ( F=1.971, P>0.05). Pseudo-correction occurred in 2 cases (2 feet) during the treatment, with an incidence of 5%. Correlation analysis showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between talonavicular angle and Pirani midfoot score ( r=0.480, P<0.01). There was no correlation between calcaneocuboid angle and Pirani midfoot score ( r=0.114, P=0.105). There was a moderate negative correlation between tibial heel angle and Pirani hindfoot score ( r=-0.566, P<0.01). The cut-off point of Pirani midfoot score of 1.5 was 38.78°, the sensitivity was 0.90, the specificity was 0.56, and the area under the curve was 0.75. The cut-off value of angle was 27.51 °, the sensitivity was 0.16, the specificity was 0.92, and the area under the curve was 0.44.The cut-off points of Pirani midfoot score of 3.0 were 45.08°and 9.96°, the sensitivity was 0.94 and 0.91, the specificity was 0.37 and 0.42, and the area under the curve was 0.59 and 0.62, respectively. The cut-off values of Pirani hindfoot score of 2.0 and 3.0 were 167.46° and 160.15°, respectively. The sensitivity was 0.75 and 0.67, the specificity was 0.81 and 0.83, and the area under the curve was 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. Conclusion:Ultrasound can complement with Pirani score, visually and dynamically observe the morphology and position changes of talonavicular joint, calcaneocuboid joint and tibiotalocalcaneal joint, monitor the recovery and pseudo-correction of tarsal bones, and better evaluate the therapeutic effect.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.

Purpose: Elder self-neglect is a global public health issue and should be taken seriously at large. Nurses,usually working directly with elderly patients, have a better understanding of what factors may causeelder self-neglect. In this qualitative study, we explored the influencing factors of elder self-neglect fromthe perception of nurses in the context of Chinese culture. Methods: Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted from November 2018 to December 2018.Purposive sampling was used. Twenty one participants recruited from eight geriatric wards of a generalhospital located in Wuhan were interviewed. A content analysis of qualitative nature was performed toanalyze the data. Results: Our conceptual model illustrated the findings based on the three themes of the conflict betweenpersonal recognition and social judgment, the choice between current needs and individual beliefs, aswell as the compromise between insufficient abilities and limited resources. Conclusion Nurses together with family members and social workers can help older adults improvetheir awareness of self-neglect to bridge the gap with social judgment, learn to focus on their own needs,as well as seek as much support as possible. Nurses should also respect the autonomy and selfdeterminationof elder self-neglecters because self-neglect is related to older adults' values. Furthermore,larger studies are needed to quantitatively test and refine the model.

Purpose: Elder self-neglect is a global public health issue and should be taken seriously at large. Nurses,usually working directly with elderly patients, have a better understanding of what factors may causeelder self-neglect. In this qualitative study, we explored the influencing factors of elder self-neglect fromthe perception of nurses in the context of Chinese culture. Methods: Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted from November 2018 to December 2018.Purposive sampling was used. Twenty one participants recruited from eight geriatric wards of a generalhospital located in Wuhan were interviewed. A content analysis of qualitative nature was performed toanalyze the data. Results: Our conceptual model illustrated the findings based on the three themes of the conflict betweenpersonal recognition and social judgment, the choice between current needs and individual beliefs, aswell as the compromise between insufficient abilities and limited resources. Conclusion Nurses together with family members and social workers can help older adults improvetheir awareness of self-neglect to bridge the gap with social judgment, learn to focus on their own needs,as well as seek as much support as possible. Nurses should also respect the autonomy and selfdeterminationof elder self-neglecters because self-neglect is related to older adults' values. Furthermore,larger studies are needed to quantitatively test and refine the model.