Objective The aim of this study is to detect the expression of purinergic 2X7 receptor(P2X7R)and the NLRP3 inflammasome in benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)tissues and to analyze the clinical correlations.Methods Twelve patients undergoing surgery for BPH were enrolled.Based on the presence or absence of inflammatory cell infiltration in HE-stained tissue sections,the patients were divided into inflammation group and non-inflammation group.Preoperative routine ex-aminations excluded surgical contraindications,and International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)questionnaires,urinary flow rate measurements,expressed prostatic secretions(EPS)analysis,and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)tests were conducted.Prostate tissues obtained during surgery were subjected to HE staining,immunofluorescence/Western blot to detect the expression of NLRP3,P2X7R,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,IL-1 β,and TNF-α,and immunofluorescence to assess lymphocyte infiltra-tion.SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze correlations between the expression levels of NLRP3 and P2X7R in prostate tissues and indicators including Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,IL-1 β,TNF-α,lymphocyte count,IPSS score,urinary flow rate,EPS,and PSA.Results In BPH tissues,the expression levels of NLRP3 and P2X7R were positively correlated(P＜0.05).The ex-pression levels of NLRP3 and P2X7R were positively correlated with Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,IL-1 β,TNF-α,and lym-phocyte count(P＜0.05).NLRP3 and P2X7R expression levels were positively correlated with white blood cell count in EPS,but showed no correlation with IPSS score,lecithin body count in EPS,maximum urinary flow rate and PSA(P＜0.05).Conclusion P2X7R and NLRP3 in prostate tissues exacerbate local inflammatory responses,which may be an important mecha-nism in BPH development.However,they are not correlated with IPSS score,lecithin body count in EPS,maximum urinary flow rate and PSA.

Objective The aim of this study is to detect the expression of purinergic 2X7 receptor(P2X7R)and the NLRP3 inflammasome in benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)tissues and to analyze the clinical correlations.Methods Twelve patients undergoing surgery for BPH were enrolled.Based on the presence or absence of inflammatory cell infiltration in HE-stained tissue sections,the patients were divided into inflammation group and non-inflammation group.Preoperative routine ex-aminations excluded surgical contraindications,and International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)questionnaires,urinary flow rate measurements,expressed prostatic secretions(EPS)analysis,and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)tests were conducted.Prostate tissues obtained during surgery were subjected to HE staining,immunofluorescence/Western blot to detect the expression of NLRP3,P2X7R,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,IL-1 β,and TNF-α,and immunofluorescence to assess lymphocyte infiltra-tion.SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze correlations between the expression levels of NLRP3 and P2X7R in prostate tissues and indicators including Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,IL-1 β,TNF-α,lymphocyte count,IPSS score,urinary flow rate,EPS,and PSA.Results In BPH tissues,the expression levels of NLRP3 and P2X7R were positively correlated(P＜0.05).The ex-pression levels of NLRP3 and P2X7R were positively correlated with Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,IL-1 β,TNF-α,and lym-phocyte count(P＜0.05).NLRP3 and P2X7R expression levels were positively correlated with white blood cell count in EPS,but showed no correlation with IPSS score,lecithin body count in EPS,maximum urinary flow rate and PSA(P＜0.05).Conclusion P2X7R and NLRP3 in prostate tissues exacerbate local inflammatory responses,which may be an important mecha-nism in BPH development.However,they are not correlated with IPSS score,lecithin body count in EPS,maximum urinary flow rate and PSA.

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of marginal donor heart in heart transplantation.Methods:The clinical data of consecutive heart transplant recipients and donors in Zhengzhou 7th. People’s Hospital from April 2018 to November 2022 were retrospectively included. According to the definition of marginal donor hearts, the patients were divided into conventional donor hearts group (117 cases) and marginal donor hearts group ( 62 cases), the data before and after heart transplantation of the two groups were analyzed.Results:The main reason for the formation of marginal donor hearts was the cold ischemia time of donor hearts >6 h; it was easier to receive marginal donor hearts with ECMO and MV before operation; the use of marginal donor hearts in heart transplantation increased postoperative mechanical ventilation time, surgical post-intensive care unit length of stay; patients with marginal donors had lower survival than conventional donors, but did not produce a significant difference in survival after heart transplantation.Conclusion:The application of marginal donor heart in heart transplantation is an effective method to solve the shortage of heart organs and reduce the death of transplant waiting persons.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preemptive analgesia with ibuprofen on postoperative pain following single posterior tooth implantation, aiming to provide a clinical reference for its application.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial was conducted. A total of 82 participants were included in the trial, meeting the eligibility criteria from April 2022 to April 2024 at the Capital Medical University School of Stomatology (40 cases), Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University (22 cases), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University (20 cases). Participants were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to either the ibuprofen group or the control group, with each group comprising 41 individuals. Participants in the ibuprofen group received 300 mg of sustained-release ibuprofen capsules orally 15 min before surgery, while the control group received a placebo. Both groups received the same postoperative analgesic regimen for 3 days. Pain scores were assessed using the numerical rating scale at 30 min, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postoperatively, and the additional use of analgesic medication was recorded from days 4 to 6 postoperatively.Results:A total of 82 participants were initially enrolled in the study, with 7 dropouts (4 from the control group and 3 from the ibuprofen group), resulting in 75 participants (37 in the control group and 38 in the ibuprofen group) completing the trial. There were no reports of adverse events such as nausea or vomiting among the participants. The ibuprofen group exhibited significantly lower pain scores at 4 h, 6 h and 8 h [1.0 (0.0, 2.0), 1.0 (0.0, 2.0), 1.5 (0.0, 3.0) ] postoperatively compared to the control group 4 h, 6 h and 8 h [2.0 (1.0, 3.0), 3.0 (1.5, 4.0), 2.0 (1.0, 4.0)] ( Z=-1.99, P=0.047; Z=-3.01, P=0.003; Z=-2.10, P=0.036). The proportions of patients requiring additional analgesic medication between days 4 and 6 post-surgery were 18.4% (7/38) in the ibuprofen group and 27.0% (10/37) in the control group, with no significant difference (χ 2=0.79, P=0.373). The median additional medication usage postoperatively was [0.0 (0.0, 0.0) pills] in the ibuprofen group and [0.0 (0.0, 1.0) pills] in the control group, with no significant difference ( Z=-0.78, P=0.439). Conclusions:Preemptive analgesia with ibuprofen effectively reduces postoperative pain following tooth implantation, representing a safe and effective perioperative pain management strategy.

Multiple plant lineages have independently evolved sex chromosomes and variable kary-otypes to maintain their sessile lifestyles through constant biological innovation.Morus notabilis,a dioecious mulberry species,has the fewest chromosomes among Morus spp.,but the genetic basis of sex determination and karyotype evolution in this species has not been identified.In this study,three high-quality genome assemblies were generated for Morus spp.[including dioecious M.notabilis(male and female)and Morus yunnanensis(female)]with genome sizes of 301-329 Mb and were grouped into six pseudochromosomes.Using a combination of genomic approaches,we found that the putative ancestral karyotype of Morus species was close to 14 protochromosomes,and that sev-eral chromosome fusion events resulted in descending dysploidy(2n=2x=12).We also charac-terized a～6.2-Mb sex-determining region on chromosome 3.Four potential male-specific genes,a partially duplicated DNA helicase gene(named MSDH)and three Ty3_Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons(named MSTG1/2/3),were identified in the Y-linked area and considered to be strong candidate genes for sex determination or differentiation.Population genomic analysis showed that Guangdong accessions in China were genetically similar to Japanese accessions of mul-berry.In addition,genomic areas containing selective sweeps that distinguish domesticated mul-berry from wild populations in terms of flowering and disease resistance were identified.Our study provides an important genetic resource for sex identification research and molecular breeding in mulberry.

Purpose: This study was to investigate the work experience of newly recruited male nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: With a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study was adopted semistructured interviews by phone or video calls. A total of 9 male nurses newly recruited for the COVID-19 wards in Chinese hospitals were interviewed for this study. And Colaizzi's method was applied for evaluation in the data analysis. Results: Based on our findings, three themes were extracted. First, the newly recruited male nurses showed negative emotions at the beginning of COVID-19 epidemic, which was caused by changes in working conditions and content, but also prompted the nurses to change the way of coping with the crisis. Second, they gradually mastered the working skills and psychological training to cope with COVID-19 and developed a positive attitude toward life and a high sense of professional responsibility. Finally, we learned about their needs to respond to public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion COVID-19 is a disaster for all of humanity. The newly recruited male nurses are an important force in emergency rescue. Although they suffered from short-term negative emotions, they quickly adapted to the crisis. In order to better prepare for future emergencies, the disaster response capacity of newly recruited male nurses needs to be further improved. In addition, newly recruited male nurses have a strong demand for timely and personalized career development guidance.

Objective:To observe heart rate circadian rhythm in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 and to analyze the effects of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on heart rate circadian rhythm in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) patients.Methods:A cross-sectional observation was performed in 213 patients with CKD stage 5 and 96 controls, and the patients were divided into those with severe SHPT (PTX group, n=70) and without severe SHPT (non-PTX group, n=143). Forty-six PTX patients were followed up prospectively. The baseline data were compared among these groups. Holter electrocardiogram was performed for each participant. Non-dipping heart rate was defined as night/day heart rate ratio greater than 0.9. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of heart rate circadian rhythm in patients with CKD stage 5. Results:The 24-hour, daytime and nighttime mean heart rate in patients with CKD stage 5 were all higher than those in controls, especially in PTX group (all P<0.05). The night/day heart rate ratios of controls and CKD stage 5 patients were (0.81±0.08) and (0.91±0.08) respectively ( P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed 24-hour and daytime or nighttime mean heart rate in patients with CKD stage 5 were positively correlated with serum levels of phosphorus and ln(alkaline phosphatase), while nighttime mean heart rate and night/day heart rate ratio were positively related with serum intact parathyroid hormone level. After adjusting with postoperative follow-up period (median time: 10.9 months), 24-hour and nighttime mean heart rate, and night/day heart rate ratio in PTX patients all decreased significantly (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Heart rate is increased and circadian rhythm is abnormal in patients with CKD stage 5, which are related with mineral and bone disorder. PTX significantly decreases 24-hour and nighttime mean heart rate in severe SHPT patients, and improves the heart rate circadian rhythm.

Objective:To investigate the pain level of lumbar puncture and family anxiety of hospitalized children, and analyze the influencing factors of family anxiety.Methods:A multi-center cross-sectional survey was used to enroll 190 children and their families who underwent lumbar puncture in 4 hospitals of Jiangsu Province from July 2018 to December 2019. The FLACC scale and face pain scale (WONG-BAKER scale) were adopted. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to investigate the pain level, and the anxiety state-trait questionnaire (STAI) was used to investigate the anxiety level.Results:The pain level scores before and after lumbar puncture were (2.86 ± 1.08) and (6.24 ± 1.59) scores respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 24.241, P<0.001). The total anxiety level of the children′s family members was (73.78 ± 4.67) scores, which was affected by factors such as the pain score, the age of the child, the number of lumbar punctures, the success rate of a lumbar puncture, the level of the hospital, the family status, and the education level of the family (adjusted R2 = 0.574, F = 29.784, P = 0.001). Conclusions:The pain in children is at a high level, and the anxiety level of their family members is also at a high level and is affected by many factors. Clinical medical staff can stratify the children and their families, and adopt targeted methods to relieve the pain of the children and the anxiety of the family members and promote the smooth development of the lumbar puncture.

Purpose: This study was to investigate the work experience of newly recruited male nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: With a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study was adopted semistructured interviews by phone or video calls. A total of 9 male nurses newly recruited for the COVID-19 wards in Chinese hospitals were interviewed for this study. And Colaizzi's method was applied for evaluation in the data analysis. Results: Based on our findings, three themes were extracted. First, the newly recruited male nurses showed negative emotions at the beginning of COVID-19 epidemic, which was caused by changes in working conditions and content, but also prompted the nurses to change the way of coping with the crisis. Second, they gradually mastered the working skills and psychological training to cope with COVID-19 and developed a positive attitude toward life and a high sense of professional responsibility. Finally, we learned about their needs to respond to public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion COVID-19 is a disaster for all of humanity. The newly recruited male nurses are an important force in emergency rescue. Although they suffered from short-term negative emotions, they quickly adapted to the crisis. In order to better prepare for future emergencies, the disaster response capacity of newly recruited male nurses needs to be further improved. In addition, newly recruited male nurses have a strong demand for timely and personalized career development guidance.

Objective:To assess the anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titers in children after completion of chemotherapy and (or) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), evaluate the efficacy and safety of the current hepatitis B re-vaccination schedule.Methods:A total of 239 children who completed their chemotherapy and (or) HSCT and visited the vaccination clinic of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from March 2017 to July 2019 were enrolled in this study. According to the previous diseases, patients were divided into leukemia group (85 cases), lymphoma group (30 cases), solid tumor group (49 cases) and non-malignant hematological disease group (75 cases). According to the treatment of previous diseases, the patients were divided into chemotherapy group (126 cases), HSCT group (89 cases) and chemotherapy plus HSCT group (24 cases). HBsAb titers were assessed both at the time of diagnosis and after completion of treatment and some children who were HBsAb seronegative were re-vaccinated with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine, the vaccine-related adverse reactions were monitored. HBsAb titers were measured again one month after the completion of inoculation. HBsAb titers were defined as negative at levels <10 U/L and positive at ≥ 10 U/L. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to compare the difference of negative conversion rate of hepatitis B antibody between groups, and Logistic regression was used to explore the risk factors of hepatitis B antibody negative conversion.Results:Among 239 patients, there were 143 males and 96 females. At the time of diagnosis, 179 patients (74.9%) were HBsAb seropositive and 60 patients (25.1%) were HBsAb seronegative. After completion of chemotherapy and (or) HSCT, 133 of 179 children with HBsAb seropositive (74.3%) at diagnosis became HBsAb seronegative. Univariate analysis showed significant differences at the negative conversion rates of HBsAb between different disease groups (χ2=10.211， P=0.015), different treatments groups (χ2=14.899， P<0.01) and different HBsAb titers groups before treatment (χ2=32.117， P<0.01). Logistic regression showed that HSCT (chemotherapy group as the reference, odds ratio ( OR）=2.999, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.276-7.050， P=0.012) and HBsAb titers<328.2 U/L before treatment (HBsAb titers≥328.2 U/L group as the reference, OR=6.397， 95% CI3.159-12.954， P<0.01) were risk factors for negative conversion of HBsAb. Among 48 patients whose HBsAb was seronegative after completion of chemotherapy and (or) HSCT and re-vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, 47 (97.9%) cases became HBsAb seropositivie. No serious adverse effects or complications were reported among these patients. Conclusions:After completion of chemotherapy and (or) HSCT, most children completely lose their protective humoral immunity against hepatitis B. Hepatitis B re-vaccination schedule can be efficiently and safely applied in those patients.