Objective·To establish Downs cephalometric norms for the Han Chinese aged 18-25 with harmonious faces,and to analyze gender and regional characteristics.Methods·A stratified sampling approach was used to recruit participants from seven geographic regions across China.Over 30 000 volunteers were screened,and 883 participants with harmonious faces were ultimately included.Basic demographic data were collected,and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken.Hard tissue measurements were performed with Downs analysis(using anatomical porion).The data were then statistically analyzed to compare gender and regional differences in dentofacial structures.Results·The gender differences in the four hard tissue measurements,the angle of convexity,A-B plane angle,mandibular plane angle,and occlusal plane angle,were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Females showed larger values for the angle of convexity,mandibular plane angle,and occlusal plane angle,but smaller values for the A-B plane angle,compared to males.The gender differences in the interincisal angle,L1 to occlusal plane,L1 to mandibular plane,and U1 to AP plane were not statistically significant.There were regional differences in all 10 measurements of Downs analysis,though some regions shared common features.Specifically,the northeastern,eastern,and southern coastal regions exhibited a smaller facial angle,and larger mandibular plane angle,angle of convexity,occlusal plane angle,and U1 to AP plane.It suggested that,compared to inland regions,individuals from coastal regions tended to have more retrusive chins,steeper mandibular planes,more prominent upper incisors,and more convex hard tissue profiles.Conclusion·Gender differences exist in the dentofacial hard tissue structures of Han Chinese adults with harmonious faces,primarily in skeletal measurements.Each region has its unique dentofacial characteristics,along with some common features.These differences should be taken into account in clinical diagnosis and treatment for the development of personalized and precise therapeutic strategies.

Objective:To investigate the influence of continuous infusion with long time on infusion precision of infusion pump,and establish a predictive model for flow velocity to predict the change of flow velocity of infusion pump after infusion with long time,so as to provide reference for the use of infusion pump in clinical treatment.Methods:Six infusion sets of different models,numbered A to F,were selected.A 24-hour continuous infusion experiment was conducted using an infusion pump with the above six infusion sets.The flow rate of the infusion pump was set to 100 mL/h,and real-time data of the infusion speed was recorded to evaluate the performance changes of the infusion pump under long-term continuous infusion.A flow rate prediction model for the infusion pump was established based on the research data,and the accuracy of the model was verified.Results:After 24 hours of continuous infusion,the infusion accuracy of infusion sets A to F showed varying degrees of decline over time.The final infusion accuracies were 96.47%,97.95%,92.56%,88.41%,89.26%,93.93%,respectively,with corresponding flow rate errors of 3.53%,2.05%,7.44%,11.59%,10.74%,6.07%.The prediction model established in this study was used to predict the flow rate of the infusion pump during 24-36 hours of continuous infusion.Compared with the actual flow rate under the same conditions,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:Long-term continuous infusion affects the infusion accuracy of the infusion pump,resulting in a decrease in infusion speed.The established flow rate prediction model can accurately predict the flow rate of the infusion pump after long-term continuous infusion,providing a useful reference for the clinical application of infusion pumps.

The ultrasound probe is the most important accessory in ultrasound equipment,which adopted the piezoelectric vibrator as its core component,and it can complete ultrasonic emission and receiving echoes.A deep understanding for the operational characteristics of the probe's array elements is important premise that user can accurately judge the running situation of the probe.This study employed pulse-echo technique to detect sensitivity and capacitance of the array elements of ultrasonic probe.The detected data of 60 probes at China-Japan Friendship Hospital were collected,and 75%of the 60 probes existed residual couplant,and 80%of them existed indentation or damage to the outer skin.The tested results of leakage current indicated that 1 probe(1.7%)existed excessively high leakage current.In test for array elements,2 probes(3.4%)displayed partial damage at array elements,and 6 probes(10.2%)were irreparably damaged.The preventive test for the diagnostic equipment with ultrasound is helpful to establish a quality control system for ultrasound,and to provide analysis materials with reliability in using diagnostic equipment with ultrasound,and to also provide decision-making basis for equipment departments and clinical department of using equipment in hospital.

Objective:To investigate the influence of continuous infusion with long time on infusion precision of infusion pump,and establish a predictive model for flow velocity to predict the change of flow velocity of infusion pump after infusion with long time,so as to provide reference for the use of infusion pump in clinical treatment.Methods:Six infusion sets of different models,numbered A to F,were selected.A 24-hour continuous infusion experiment was conducted using an infusion pump with the above six infusion sets.The flow rate of the infusion pump was set to 100 mL/h,and real-time data of the infusion speed was recorded to evaluate the performance changes of the infusion pump under long-term continuous infusion.A flow rate prediction model for the infusion pump was established based on the research data,and the accuracy of the model was verified.Results:After 24 hours of continuous infusion,the infusion accuracy of infusion sets A to F showed varying degrees of decline over time.The final infusion accuracies were 96.47%,97.95%,92.56%,88.41%,89.26%,93.93%,respectively,with corresponding flow rate errors of 3.53%,2.05%,7.44%,11.59%,10.74%,6.07%.The prediction model established in this study was used to predict the flow rate of the infusion pump during 24-36 hours of continuous infusion.Compared with the actual flow rate under the same conditions,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:Long-term continuous infusion affects the infusion accuracy of the infusion pump,resulting in a decrease in infusion speed.The established flow rate prediction model can accurately predict the flow rate of the infusion pump after long-term continuous infusion,providing a useful reference for the clinical application of infusion pumps.

The ultrasound probe is the most important accessory in ultrasound equipment,which adopted the piezoelectric vibrator as its core component,and it can complete ultrasonic emission and receiving echoes.A deep understanding for the operational characteristics of the probe's array elements is important premise that user can accurately judge the running situation of the probe.This study employed pulse-echo technique to detect sensitivity and capacitance of the array elements of ultrasonic probe.The detected data of 60 probes at China-Japan Friendship Hospital were collected,and 75%of the 60 probes existed residual couplant,and 80%of them existed indentation or damage to the outer skin.The tested results of leakage current indicated that 1 probe(1.7%)existed excessively high leakage current.In test for array elements,2 probes(3.4%)displayed partial damage at array elements,and 6 probes(10.2%)were irreparably damaged.The preventive test for the diagnostic equipment with ultrasound is helpful to establish a quality control system for ultrasound,and to provide analysis materials with reliability in using diagnostic equipment with ultrasound,and to also provide decision-making basis for equipment departments and clinical department of using equipment in hospital.

Objective·To establish Downs cephalometric norms for the Han Chinese aged 18-25 with harmonious faces,and to analyze gender and regional characteristics.Methods·A stratified sampling approach was used to recruit participants from seven geographic regions across China.Over 30 000 volunteers were screened,and 883 participants with harmonious faces were ultimately included.Basic demographic data were collected,and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken.Hard tissue measurements were performed with Downs analysis(using anatomical porion).The data were then statistically analyzed to compare gender and regional differences in dentofacial structures.Results·The gender differences in the four hard tissue measurements,the angle of convexity,A-B plane angle,mandibular plane angle,and occlusal plane angle,were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Females showed larger values for the angle of convexity,mandibular plane angle,and occlusal plane angle,but smaller values for the A-B plane angle,compared to males.The gender differences in the interincisal angle,L1 to occlusal plane,L1 to mandibular plane,and U1 to AP plane were not statistically significant.There were regional differences in all 10 measurements of Downs analysis,though some regions shared common features.Specifically,the northeastern,eastern,and southern coastal regions exhibited a smaller facial angle,and larger mandibular plane angle,angle of convexity,occlusal plane angle,and U1 to AP plane.It suggested that,compared to inland regions,individuals from coastal regions tended to have more retrusive chins,steeper mandibular planes,more prominent upper incisors,and more convex hard tissue profiles.Conclusion·Gender differences exist in the dentofacial hard tissue structures of Han Chinese adults with harmonious faces,primarily in skeletal measurements.Each region has its unique dentofacial characteristics,along with some common features.These differences should be taken into account in clinical diagnosis and treatment for the development of personalized and precise therapeutic strategies.

Waardenburg syndrome (WS), also known as auditorypigmentary syndrome, is characterized by non-progressive sensorineural hearing loss and anomalous pigmentation. Its mode of inheritance is either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. So far only PAX3, MITF, SOX10 and EDNRB mutations have been identified among Chinese patients with WS. This review has provided an update for WS-related genes, mutation databases, molecular and functional data, and a discussion over the molecular diagnosis of WS.

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the outcomes of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) percutaneous release treatment for the stenosal tendosynovitis. Methods A total of 119 eligible participants, from outpatient of Dongzhimen Hospital during June, 2014 to April, 2017, were included into the study. The participants received TCM percutaneous release treatment, and were followed-up and assessed outcomes at 27 w. Responders were defined as participants with normal movement in week 27 compared with the baseline period. The NRS assessment in both groups was described, and the baseline characteristics of participants potentially related to cure response were mainly analyzed using Logistic regression analysis. Results Cure group and non-cure group were determined according to the cure response. And the outcomes of pain relief along the timeframe showed the feasibility of criteria of cure response. The uni-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors age,course of disease,interventions and pain severity were significantly different between the cure and non-cure groups,and the multi-factor Logistic regression confirmed the four factors influenced the cure response of the TCM percutaneous release treatment for the stenosal tendosynovitis. The cutting knife was 5.85 fold than the traditional needling knife at increasing the cure response (OR=5.853,95% CI 1.853-18.485;P=0.003).All the factors that age equal to or older than 60 years(OR=6.170, 95% CI 1.890-20.141; P=0.003), course of disease more than six months (OR=4.696, 95% CI 1.371-16.085;P=0.014)and pain severity from 6 to 7(OR=5.184,95% CI 1.416-18.975;P=0.013)were negatively associated with clinical response. Conclusions The patients with increasing age, long course of disease and distinct pain severity may be less likely to respond to the TCM percutaneous release treatment. These findings contribute to guiding clinical practice in terms of pretreatment patient selection. Further research is needed to confirm the association.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous micro-invasive release therapy by using push-cut knife on stenosal tendosynovitis. Methods The patients with stenosal tendosy-novitis were chosen according to inclusion criteria,and then divided,based on random digital table and 1:1 of random concealmert,into push-cut knife group and needle-knife group. The push-cut knife group was given push-cut knife therapy one time, and was given traditional needle-knife one time. The main outcome index was cure rate on the 27thweek after treatment, and secondary indexes included pain scores,joint range of motion (ROM) and trigger indications. The safety indexes included complications and adverse events. Results There were totally 120 patients were chosen,but one quitted due to serious disease in needle-knife group,and 119 patients completed the study and were brought into the statistical analysis of outcome indexes. On the 27thweek after treatment,there were 55 cases(91.67%) cured in push-cut knife group and 39 (66.10%) cured in needle-knife group (P<0.001). The indexes of trig-ger indications,pain and ROM were significantly relieved in 2 groups,and improved more significantly o-ver time. The comparisons at the time points of the 1st,3rd,6th,12thand 27thweeks showed that,the re-liefs of trigger indications, pain and ROM were superior in push-cut knife group than those in needle-knife group (P<0.05). There were no adverse events or complications occurred in 2 groups. Conclu-sion The push-cut knife has higher one-off cure rate in treatment of stenosal tendosynovitis. The signs of pain,ROM and trigger indications are relieved immediately after treatment,and continuously relieved af-ter half year. There are no adverse events occurred.

Objective To ummarized the clinical characteristics of lactic acidosis combined with hypoglycemic coma,diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperkalemia,so to improve the physician's treatment ability by summary the clinical feature of lactic acidosis combined with hypoglycemic coma,diabetic ketosis and hyperkalemia.Methods Analyzed the clinical characteristics and disease development of one case with lactic acidosis combined with hypoglycemic coma,diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperkalemia,and reviewed literature.Results The patient had hypoglycemia and acidosis at the same time due to taking phenformin and glibenclamide.After 2 days,the patient was better through correcting acidosis,intravenous fluid therapy,lowering blood potassium and controlling blood glucose.Conclusion Because acidosis caused the potassium transfer from intracellular to extracellular,the latter leads to hyperpotassemia,lactic acidosis caused by phenformin should be treated with intravenous fluid therapy,correcting acidosis.