ObjectiveTo explore the differences in the accumulation of secondary metabolites of Dendrobium nobile cultivated on epiphytic stones and trees， so as to elucidate the scientific connotation of "only those that grow on stones has superior quality"， and provide a direction for the cultivation and quality evaluation of D. nobile. MethodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry（UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS）-based widely targeted metabolomics was used to detect the metabolites of D. nobile cultivated on epiphytic stones and trees. And the combination of principal component analysis（PCA）， hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was performed for multivariate statistical analysis of metabolites. Differential metabolites were screened by variable importance in the projection（VIP） value≥1 and log₂fold change（FC）≥1 or ≤-1， and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） enrichment analysis was conducted. ResultsA total of 1 267 metabolites were identified in the stems of D. nobile from the two cultivation modes， dominated by flavonoids（292）， phenolic acids（284）， and alkaloids（189）. Through OPLS-DA screening， 473 differential metabolites were obtained. Compared to epiphytic tree-cultivated D. nobile， epiphytic stone-cultivated D. nobile exhibited upregulation of flavonoids， phenolic acids， alkaloids， lignans and coumarins， while quinones and terpenoids were down-regulated. The differential metabolites mainly included flavonoid glycosides and alkaloids， and these differential metabolites significantly contributed to characterizing the two cultivation patterns. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment in pathways of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis， flavonoid biosynthesis， tyrosine metabolism， and phenylalanine metabolism in epiphytic stone-cultivated D. nobile. ConclusionEpiphytic stone cultivation is beneficial for the accumulation of phenolic acids， flavonoids， and alkaloids in D. nobile， indicating that the "only those that grow on stones has superior quality" documented in the materia medica has certain scientific basis， and the findings also provide a reference for quality evaluation and discrimination research between epiphytic stone and tree cultivated D. nobile.

Objective To analyze and compare the change of disease burden attributed to high temperature in the Chinese population in 2019 compared with 1990. Methods Based on the global burden of disease study data in 2019, the number of deaths, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and DALY rate attributable to high temperature in Chinese population of different ages and genders in 1990 and 2019 were extracted to analyze the changing trend of disease burden attributable to high temperature exposure in Chinese population and its main causes. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of changes in standardized attributable DALY rates. Results Compared with 1990, the number of disease deaths attributable to high temperature in China in 2019 increased from 10 700 to 13 900, and the attributable DALY decreased from 532,200 to 276 100 person-years. The standardized mortality and DALY rates decreased by 35.25% and 65.20%, respectively. The burden attributable to high temperature was higher in males than in females, and the burden was relatively heavier in the population aged 70 and above. In 2019, chronic non-communicable diseases were the main cause of the attributable burden of high temperature exposure, and ischemic heart disease had the highest DALY burden, with an age-standardized DALY rate of 4.64/100 000. Conclusion The absolute death burden attributable to high temperature exposure in Chinese population is still increasing. It is necessary to pay more attention to high-risk groups such as men and the elderly, continue to strengthen environmental protection, and formulate relevant interventions in a targeted way to further reduce the disease burden caused by high temperature exposure.

Infectious bone defect is bone defect with infection or as a result of treatment of bone infection. It requires surgical intervention, and the treatment processes are complex and long, which include bone infection control,bone defect repair and even complex soft tissue reconstructions in some cases. Failure to achieve the goals in any step may lead to the failure of the overall treatment. Therefore, infectious bone defect has been a worldwide challenge in the field of orthopedics. Conventionally, sequestrectomy, bone grafting, bone transport, and systemic/local antibiotic treatment are standard therapies. Radical debridement remains one of the cornerstones for the management of bone infection. However, the scale of debridement and the timing and method of bone defect reconstruction remain controversial. With the clinical application of induced membrane technique, effective infection control and rapid bone reconstruction have been achieved in the management of infectious bone defect. The induced membrane technique has attracted more interests and attention, but the lack of understanding the basic principles of infection control and technical details may hamper the clinical outcomes of induced membrane technique and complications can possibly occur. Therefore, the Chinese Orthopedic Association organized domestic orthopedic experts to formulate An evidence-based clinical guideline for the treatment of infectious bone defect with induced membrane technique ( version 2023) according to the evidence-based method and put forward recommendations on infectious bone defect from the aspects of precise diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, operation procedure, postoperative management and rehabilitation, so as to provide useful references for the treatment of infectious bone defect with induced membrane technique.

Osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT) is a foot and ankle disease characterized by ankle pain, which may impact the joint function and life quality. If managed improperly, it may lead to a further ankle arthritis, severely compromising the prognosis. The therapeutic effect of conservative treatment for OLT is still uncertain. Surgery is still the main treatment modality for OLT with various techniques. However, the optimized surgical technique is still inconclusive, furthermore, regeneration and repair of cartilage after debridement is also a great challenge for the treatment of OLT. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with good repair effect on cartilage injury is gradually applied in the treatment of OLT. However, there still lacks the unified understanding of the technique and specification of PRP for the treatment of OLT. Therefore, National Orthopedics Center of Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital allied Foot Ankle Basic Research & Orthopedics Group, Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons; Foot and Ankle Committee of Chinese Association of Sports Medicine Physicians; and Foot and Ankle Group of Orthopedic Specialized Branch of Shanghai Medical Association to organize related experts to formulate the Expert consensus on platelet- rich plasma treatment for osteochondral lesion of talus ( version2023). Fifteen recommendations were put forward upon PRP preparation, indications, contraindications and treatment methods of PRP for OLT, so as to standardize the PRP treatment for OLT.

Objective:To investigate the effects of biologics on psychological status and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 42 hospitals in 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) from September 2021 to May 2022. General clinical information and the use of biologics were obtained from adult patients diagnosed with IBD who voluntarily participated in the study. Psychological status was evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) assessment tools. Counts were analyzed via the Chi-square test, and datasets that were not normally distributed were analyzed via nonparametric tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 2 478 valid questionnaires were collected. The GAD-7 score of the biologics group was significantly lower than that of the non-use group [6 (2, 9) vs. 7 (3, 10), Z=-3.49, P<0.001]. IBDQ scores [183 (158, 204) vs. 178 (152, 198), Z=-4.11, P<0.001], intestinal symptom scores [61 (52, 67) vs. 58 (49, 65), Z=-5.41, P<0.001], systemic symptom scores [28 (24, 32) vs. 27 (23, 31), Z=-2.37, P=0.018], emotional ability scores [69 (58, 77) vs. 67 (56, 75), Z=-3.58, P<0.001] and social ability scores [26 (22, 29) vs. 25 (22, 29), Z=-2.52, P=0.012] in the biologics group were significantly higher than in the non-use group. GAD-7 scores [5 (2, 9) vs. 6 (3, 10), Z=-3.50, P<0.001] and PSQI scores [6 (4, 9) vs. 6 (4, 9), Z=-2.55, P=0.011] were significantly lower in the group using infliximab than in the group not using it. IBDQ scores were significantly higher in patients using vedolizumab than in those not using it [186 (159, 205) vs. 181 (155, 201), Z=-2.32, P=0.021] and were also significantly higher in the group treated with adalimumab than in the group not treated with adalimumab [187 (159, 209) vs. 181 (155, 201), Z=-2.16, P=0.030]. However, ustekinumab had no significant effect on any of the scores. Conclusion:The use of biologics is strongly associated with improvements in anxiety status and quality of life in IBD patients.

Objective:To investigate prognostic factors for acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) , and to construct a nomogram to verify the predictive value of these factors.Methods:Clinical data on 1 573 patients with ALM were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of National Cancer Institute in United States between 2004 and 2015. Data about patients′ age, gender, ulcer status, SEER staging, surgical protocols, T-, N- and M-staging, overall survival rates and disease-specific survival rates were extracted. Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation of clinical characteristics with overall survival rates and melanoma-specific survival rates, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate prognostic factors and establish predictive models.Results:Among the 1 537 patients with ALM, 714 were males, 823 were females, 818 were under 64 years of age, and 1 363 were Caucasian. Skin lesions occurred on the lower limbs and buttocks in 1 205 cases, and 974 cases had ulcers; according to the SEER staging, non-spread localized skin lesions were observed in 1 048 cases. There were significant differences in the mortality rate among patients of different ages at diagnosis, different gender, with different ulcer status, surgical status, and at different SEER stages, T-stages, N-stages and M-stages (all P < 0.001) . Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years, male, ulcers and distant lymph node metastasis in the SEER staging were associated with increased risk of death in the patients (all P < 0.05) , and the mortality rate was significantly higher in the patients with T2-, T3- or T4-stage ALM than in those with T1-stage ALM (all P < 0.05) , and higher in the patients with N1-, N2- and N3-stage ALM than in those with N0-stage ALM (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Age, gender, ulcer status, SEER stage, T-stage and N-stage are independent prognostic factors for overall survival rates and disease-specific survival rates of ALM.

Objective:To investigate the psychology status and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) in China, and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:From September 2021 to May 2022, 42 hospitals in 22 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China, the clinical data of 2 478 IBD patients were collected, which included age, gender, weight, first visit or not, disease activity, disease course, main clinical manifestations(diarrhea, abdominal pain, hematochezia, extraintestinal manifestations), complications, treatment medication(5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents, and biological agents), and whether to have surgery. Anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life of IBD patients were evaluated by generalized anxiety disorder-7 items, patient health questionnaire-9 items, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire, and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results:The average age of 2 478 IBD patients was 37.96 years old, and male counted for 62.43%(1 547/2 478). There were 61.82%(1 532/2 478) of the IBD patients in the active stage of disease, mostly mild or moderate(588 and 734 cases). There were 60.61%(1 502/2 478) of the IBD patients with different degrees of anxiety, 58.35%(1 446/2 478) of the IBD patients with different degrees of depression, and 48.87%(1 211/2 478) of the IBD patients had different degrees of sleep problems. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that female, higher level of disease activity and longer disease course were independent risk factors of anxiety, depression and sleep quality in the IBD patients(unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) 1.08(0.65 to 1.50), 0.45(0.23 to 0.68), 0.19(0.02 to 0.36), 0.83(0.33 to 1.32), 0.62(0.36 to 0.88), 0.28(0.08 to 0.47), 0.47(0.16 to 0.77), 0.39(0.23 to 0.55), 0.14(0.02 to 0.26); P<0.001, <0.001, =0.025 , =0.001, <0.001, =0.005, =0.003, <0.001, =0.027). The usage of biological agents was an independent protective factor of anxiety(unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) -0.67(-1.17 to -0.17), P=0.008), and older age was an independent risk factor of sleep quality(unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) 0.35(0.09 to 0.61), P=0.008). Higher level of disease activity, symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain, presence of extraintestinal manifestations, usage of 5-aminosalicylic acid and glucocorticoid, and with surgical treatment were independent risk factors of quality of life(unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) -11.00(-12.24 to -9.76), -2.90(-5.26 to -0.55), -3.93(-6.25 to -1.61), -5.79(-9.87 to -1.71), -4.78(-7.79 to -1.76), -7.71(-11.07 to -4.35), -4.37(-8.00 to -0.73); P<0.001, =0.016, =0.001, =0.005 , =0.002, <0.001, =0.019), while the usage of biological agents was an independent protective factor of quality of life (unstandardized regression coefficient(95% confidence interval) 4.72(1.97 to 7.48), P=0.001). Conclusion:IBD patients generally have different degrees of anxiety, depression and sleep problems, which affect the quality of life of patients. Gender, disease activity and disease course are the influencing factors of mental disorders in IBD patients.

Objective:To determine the influences of structural changes after valgus impacted femoral neck fracture on hip range of motion (ROM) so as to provide evidence for clinical judgment of whether reduction is necessary or not in the internal fixation of such fractures.Methods:1. 3D reconstructions of the CT hip scans were performed for the 73 patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University for valgus impacted femoral neck fractures from January 2019 to April 2019.The femoral neck-shaft angle, anteversion angle, femoral offset, axial alpha angle, lateral center edge angle (LCEA), anterior center edge angle (ACEA) and center displacement were measured and compared between the affected and healthy sides to determine the influences of the fracture on the above indexes. 2. Hip motions (flexion and MIR-90°) were simulated on bilateral sides to determine the influences of structural changes after fracture on hip ROM using stepwise regression and Logistic regression. 3. The distribution of femoral-acetabular contact points on the femoral side was observed in simulation of hip flexion to detect the potential area for femoracetabular impingement (FAI) induced by the fracture displacement.Results:1. The valgus impacted femoral neck fractures had significant influences on femoral neck-shaft angle, anteversion angle, femoral offset and axial alpha angle. Compared with the healthy side, on average, the femoral neck-shaft angle increased by 5.1°, anteversion angle decreased by 6.5°, femoral offset decreased by 8.2 mm and axial alpha angle increased by 9.7° on the affected side, showing significant differences ( P<0.05).The displacements of the femoral head center averaged 9.2 mm. There was no significant difference in LCEA or ACEA between the affected and healthy sides ( P>0.05). 2. Compared with the healthy side, on average, the simulated hip flexion decreased significantly by 27.0° and the hip MIR-90° decreased significantly by 20.3° on the affected side after fracture ( P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that femoral anteversion angle, ACEA and displacement of the femoral head center had a significant influence on hip ROM, especially the anteversion angle. When the anteversion angle decreased by more than 7.1°, the hip flexion would decrease by at least 20%. 3. The points of FAI distributed more widely on the fracture side. Compared with the healthy side, the impact points extended outward and upward in hip flexion and extended inwardly in hip MIR-90° on the affected side. Conclusions:After a valgus impacted femoral neck fracture, if the femoral anteversion angle has been decreased by more than 7.1°, the hip ROM can be greatly influenced and the points of FAI can be distributed more widely. Therefore, reduction should be recommended before internal fixation of the fracture.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of apatinib monotherapy in the treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) who failed standard regimen. Methods: The required sample size in this prospective study was calculated with the PASS 15 software. A total of 52 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who failed standard regimen from July 2017 to August 2018 were included in this study. The patients were given apatinib monotherapy with an initial dosage of 750 mg or 500 mg. The objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated; the patients were followed up and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated, and adverse events during treatment were recorded. The primary endpoint of this study was PFS, and secondary endpoints were ORR, DCR, OS and safety. Result: Of the 52 patients included, 45 patients, all of whom were late stage CRC patients with at least two systematic chemotherapeutic treatments, were available for efficacy evaluation. Treatment efficacy evaluation showed complete response of 0 case, partial response of 5 cases, stable disease of 30 cases and progression disease of 10 cases; the ORR was 11.11%, and the DCR was 77.78%. The prognosis data indicated that the median PFS of the 45 CRC patients was 3.95 months (95% CI=3.16-4.74), and the median OS was 10.3 months (95% CI=5.70-14.90). In terms of adverse events evaluation, the adverse reactions with grade 3 or above were hand-foot syndrome (6 cases, 13.33%), hypertension (5 cases, 11.11%), proteinuria (3 cases, 6.67%), diarrhea (3 cases, 6.67%), fatigue (2 cases, 4.44%) and bleeding (1 case, 2.22%). Conclusion: Apatinib monotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer, who failed the standard regimens, has potential clinical benefits, and the overall toxicity profile is manageable.

The current document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy and the Chinese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Group. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 8% of Chinese adults. The inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of CRS in the Chinese population differ from those observed in the populations of European descent. Recently, precision medicine has been used to treat inflammation by targeting key biomarkers that are involved in the process. However, there are no CRS guidelines or a consensus available from China that can be shared with the international academia. The guidelines presented in this paper cover the epidemiology, economic burden, genetics and epigenetics, mechanisms, phenotypes and endotypes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, management, and the current status of CRS in China. These guidelines—with a focus on China—will improve the abilities of clinical and medical staff during the treatment of CRS. Additionally, they will help international agencies in improving the verification of CRS endotypes, mapping of eosinophilic shifts, the identification of suitable biomarkers for endotyping, and predicting responses to therapies. In conclusion, these guidelines will help select therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, surgical approaches and innovative biotherapeutics, which are tailored to each of the individual CRS endotypes.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; China ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epidemiology ; Epigenomics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; International Agencies ; Medical Staff ; Neck ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine