Objective To observe changes of dynamic functional connectivity(dFC)of brain networks in different stages of Parkinson disease(PD).Methods Totally 52 early-stage PD patients(early PD group),36 late-stage PD patients(late PD group)and 38 healthy controls(HC group)were prospectively enrolled,and resting-state functional MRI were performed.The sliding window,independent component analysis and k-means clustering were used to extract dFC intensity and temporal properties,including fractional windows,dwell time and transition frequency.Results Network connectivity patterns within and between visual network(VIS),sensorimotor network(SMN),default mode network(DMN),cerebellar network(CB)and cognitive executive network(CEN)were altered in PD patients.Four dFC states were identified,in which connections between components in states Ⅰ and Ⅱ were compact,while in states Ⅲ and Ⅳ were sparse.The fractional window and dwell time of late PD group,early PD group and HC group successively increased under state Ⅱ,but successively decreased under state Ⅲ(all P＜0.05).Under state Ⅰ and Ⅳ,no significant difference of fractional window nor dwell time was found between early PD group and late PD group(both P＞0.05),and the above indexes under state Ⅰ were both lower than those in HC group(all P＜0.05),the fraction window under state Ⅳ was higher than that in HC group(both P＜0.05).Conclusion The temporal properties of dFC in PD patients were altered,characterized by increased tendency toward segregated states.Furthermore,fractional windows and dwell time were associated with PD disease stages,suggesting that dFC parameters might serve as novel biomarkers for assessing clinical progression of PD.

Objective To observe changes of dynamic functional connectivity(dFC)of brain networks in different stages of Parkinson disease(PD).Methods Totally 52 early-stage PD patients(early PD group),36 late-stage PD patients(late PD group)and 38 healthy controls(HC group)were prospectively enrolled,and resting-state functional MRI were performed.The sliding window,independent component analysis and k-means clustering were used to extract dFC intensity and temporal properties,including fractional windows,dwell time and transition frequency.Results Network connectivity patterns within and between visual network(VIS),sensorimotor network(SMN),default mode network(DMN),cerebellar network(CB)and cognitive executive network(CEN)were altered in PD patients.Four dFC states were identified,in which connections between components in states Ⅰ and Ⅱ were compact,while in states Ⅲ and Ⅳ were sparse.The fractional window and dwell time of late PD group,early PD group and HC group successively increased under state Ⅱ,but successively decreased under state Ⅲ(all P＜0.05).Under state Ⅰ and Ⅳ,no significant difference of fractional window nor dwell time was found between early PD group and late PD group(both P＞0.05),and the above indexes under state Ⅰ were both lower than those in HC group(all P＜0.05),the fraction window under state Ⅳ was higher than that in HC group(both P＜0.05).Conclusion The temporal properties of dFC in PD patients were altered,characterized by increased tendency toward segregated states.Furthermore,fractional windows and dwell time were associated with PD disease stages,suggesting that dFC parameters might serve as novel biomarkers for assessing clinical progression of PD.

Objective To observe the glymphatic system functional changes of bilateral cerebral hemispheres in early-stage Parkinson disease(PD)patients complicated with unilateral limb motor symptoms.Methods A total of 52 early-stage PD patients complicated with unilateral limb motor symptoms were prospectively enrolled,including 21 cases of left-onset PD(LPD group),31 cases of right-onset PD(RPD group).Meanwhile,28 healthy individuals were recruited as healthy controls(HC group).Clinical data and indices of diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS)were compared among 3 groups and between each 2 groups.The correlations of DTI-ALPS indices and clinical scales were analyzed.Results Significant difference of Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)score was found among 3 groups(P＜0.05).HAMD score of LPD group and RPD group were higher than that of HC group(both P＜0.017).There were significant differences of left and right cerebral hemispheres DTI-ALPS(DTI-ALPS_L,DTI-ALPS_R)indices among 3 groups(both P＜0.05).DTI_ALPS_R in LPD group was lower than that in HC group(P＜0.017),and DTI_ALPS_L in RPD group was lower than that in HC group(P＜0.017).No obvious correlation of bilateral cerebral hemisphere DTI-ALPS indices with clinical scales was detected in PD patients(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Like that of motor symptoms,glymphatic system dysfunction of PD patients had characteristics of laterality,manifested as DTI_ALPS_R decreased in LPD patients while DTI_ALPS_L decreased in RPD patients.

Objective:This study aims to explore whether there is impaired inhibition function and the brain imaging characteristics of inhibition dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:A total of 16 drug-naive OCD patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) completed the Go-Nogo task to detect the impairment of inhibition function, and the task-related brain magnetic resonance imaging were collected. The differences of average reaction time and correct response rate between OCD patients and HC under Go and Nogo conditions were compared, and the differences of brain activation between the two groups in the process of successful response inhibition and error monitoring were also compared.Results:Under Nogo condition, the average correct rate in patients with OCD was significantly lower than that of HC (0.85±0.08 vs.0.93±0.51; t=-3.06, P<0.05). In error processing analysis, patients with OCD showed significantly enhanced brain activities in bilateral inferiortemporal (left: t=3.11; right: t=2.71), right middlefronta ( t=2.52), right parahippocampa ( t=2.53), and left posteriorcingulate ( t=3.03), while decreased brain activities were found in bilateral putamen (left: t=-3.03; right: t=-3.12), right inferiorfrontal ( t=-3.29), right superiorfrontal ( t=-3.12), and right precentral ( t=-2.91) compared with control group ( P<0.05, FWE corrected, cluster size>10 voxels). Conclusion:Patients with OCD have impaired inhibition function, and their abnormal brain function is mainly manifested in the process of error monitoring.

Objective:This study aims to explore whether there is impaired inhibition function and the brain imaging characteristics of inhibition dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:A total of 16 drug-naive OCD patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) completed the Go-Nogo task to detect the impairment of inhibition function, and the task-related brain magnetic resonance imaging were collected. The differences of average reaction time and correct response rate between OCD patients and HC under Go and Nogo conditions were compared, and the differences of brain activation between the two groups in the process of successful response inhibition and error monitoring were also compared.Results:Under Nogo condition, the average correct rate in patients with OCD was significantly lower than that of HC (0.85±0.08 vs.0.93±0.51; t=-3.06, P<0.05). In error processing analysis, patients with OCD showed significantly enhanced brain activities in bilateral inferiortemporal (left: t=3.11; right: t=2.71), right middlefronta ( t=2.52), right parahippocampa ( t=2.53), and left posteriorcingulate ( t=3.03), while decreased brain activities were found in bilateral putamen (left: t=-3.03; right: t=-3.12), right inferiorfrontal ( t=-3.29), right superiorfrontal ( t=-3.12), and right precentral ( t=-2.91) compared with control group ( P<0.05, FWE corrected, cluster size>10 voxels). Conclusion:Patients with OCD have impaired inhibition function, and their abnormal brain function is mainly manifested in the process of error monitoring.

Objective Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI) technique was used to investigate the changes of DTI parameters in nerve fiber bundles of children with hyperbilirubinemia. Meth-ods A retrospective analysis of DTI imaging data of 43 children with hyperbilirubinemia and 24 normal controls in our hospital using the German Siemens 3. 0t Trio superconducting magnetic resonance imaging in-strument from December 2016 to March 2018. Children with hyperbilirubinemia were divided into two groups, total serum bilirubin mildly elevated group (34 cases) and total serum bilirubin moderate to severe elevation group (9 cases). The right and left cerebellar dentate nuclei were selected as the regions of inter-est. Relevant parameters were measured, and the parameters of each group were analyzed and compared. Results Compared with the normal control group,the fractional anisotropy ( FA) of the total serum biliru-bin mildly elevated group was decreased ( P=0. 022 ) and the volume ratio ( VR ) of that was increased (P=0. 036). Compared with the normal control group, the FA of the total serum bilirubin moderate to se-vere elevation group was decreased (P=0. 002) and the VR of that was increased (P=0. 047). Compared with the total serum bilirubin mildly elevated group,the FA of the total serum bilirubin moderate to severe elevation group was decreased (P=0. 035). In addition, in the cerebellar dentate nucleus, there was a lin-ear negative correlation (r= -0. 201, P=0. 029) between the FA values and the total bilirubin level, while linear positive correlation (r=0. 245, P=0. 045) between the VR value and the total bilirubin level. Conclusions There are changes in FA and VR values of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in children with hy-perbilirubinemia,which of them are linearly related to bilirubin levels. It can early indicate the destruction or dysplasia of nerve fiber bundles in children.

Objectives To investigate the imaging ability of magnetic sensitive weighted imaging (SWI) scans with 2.0 mm and 1.0 mm slice thickness on intracerebral veins and branches.Methods 47 healthy volunteers were recruited,including 20 males and 27 females,aged 21-45 (30.1 ± 12.93).Two SWI sequences with thickness of 2.0 mm and 1.0 mm were performed in all healthy volunteers.After reconstructed by minimal intensity projection (MIP),the display rate and diameter of intracerebral veins and branches were counted by two doctors.McNemar test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) The display rates of bilateral internal cerebral veins,papular veins and left ventricular veins were 100％ in both scanning schemes,while the display rates of left and right septal veins,anterior caudate nucleus veins and right ventricular veins on SWI sequence images with 2.0 mm thickness were 90.0％ (left),91.0％ (right) and 87.2％ (right),91.5％,respectively.The display rates on SWI sequence images with 1.0 mm thickness were 97.9％ (left),94.0％ (right),97.9％ (left),95.7％ (right) and 95.7％ respectively.(2) There were significant differences in the diameter of bilateral septum pellucidum veins and bilateral anterior caudate nucleus veins between the two scanning schemes (P ＜ 0.05).While there was no significant difference in the diameter of bilateral internal cerebral veins,bilateral papular veins and bilateral intraventricular veins (P ＞0.05).(3) The displaying rate of veins with diameter ＞0.9 mm was 100％ for both scanning schemes,while the displaying rate of veins with diameter ranging from 0.6-0.9 mm (including 0.6 mm and 0.9 mm) in the two scanning schemes had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions SWI sequence can clearly show the anatomical shape of intracerebral veins and branches.In contrast to SWI of the scan slices thickness of 2.0 mm,the SWI of scan slices thickness of 1.0 mm showed more efficiency in display thinner brain venous.Therefore,using SWI sequence scanning scheme with 1.0 mm slice thickness will be more conducive to observe and study intracerebral veins and branches.

The inflammatory lesion of the pituitary gland is unusual. A 33-year-old woman with headache, visual impairment, and menelipsis was admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pituitary gland showed a sellar mass with iso-intensity on T1 weighted imaging and high signal on T2 weighted imaging. The homogeneous lesion was enhanced on contrast MRI. The pituitary stalk was thickened accompanied by the cavernous sinus invasion, which showed a "triangle" saddle occupation on the MRI coronal plane. An endocrinological examination revealed mild hypocortisolism. Th e patient was diagnosed as pituitary adenoma based on the MRI findings and endocrinological examination. Trans-sphenoidal surgery was performed. The intra-operative histological examination also suggested a pituitary adenoma. Th e histopathological examination showed accumulation of foamy cells and xanthomatous epithelioid cells, supporting the diagnosis of xanthomatous hypophysitis. Xanthomatous hypophysitis possesses certain MRI features. Th e most typical imaging features are the thickening of the pituitary stalk and the sign of "triangle" occupation on MRI coronal plane, which are very helpful to the correct diagnosis and optimal management.
Adenoma ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pituitary Diseases ; diagnosis ; Pituitary Gland ; pathology ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the multislice spiral computer tomography (MSCT) manifestations and its value in the diagnosis of urachus lesions. METHODS: A total of 26 patients with urachus disease diagnosed by pathological examination in our hospital between October 2007 and May 2011 were included in this study. We retrospectively analyzed MSCT images on the size, location, and shape character of the foci, and the image features of Retzius space. RESULTS: In the group, 12 patients had simple urachal cyst with homogeneous fluid filling the cavity with thin wall in CT scanning; five had infected urachal cyst with thickened and enhanced wall, some patch and strip appearing in Retzius space surrounding the lesion; two had infected urachal sinus, and another 3 had urachus leakage. Four had urachal tumor showing irregular cysticsolid mass over the apex of the bladder with apparent enhancement in contrast imaging, and 2 had calcification. Invasion of the bladder wall was found in 4 patients, extensive invasion of the ileum, rectum, uterus and retroperitoneal lymph nodes was found in 1. CONCLUSION MSCT scan can demonstrate the location, shape, extent of the lesion as well as the relation with adjacent structures, thereby providing valuable information for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of urachus lesions.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infections ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Urachal Cyst ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Urachus ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To examine the differences in the structure of brain white matter among deficit schizophrenia, nondeficit schizophrenia and healthy controls by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Methods Ten deficit schizophrenic patients, eleven nondeficit patients and fifteen healthy comparison subjects participated in the study. All the subjects were scanned by GE Twin Speed 1.5T MRI system. Whole brain, voxel-wise analyses of regional white matter volume were conducted by the VBM toolbox on the Matlab7.6 and SPM5. t -test was then used for the comparison between groups. Results Compared to the healthy controls, nondeficit schizophrenic patients significantly decreased the density of gray matter in the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobe and basal ganglia , while the deficit patients showed the characteristically broad and significant decreasion in the frontal lobe, including left medial frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left orbital gyrus (Cluster ≥ 30 mm3, P<0.01). Moreover, deficit patients showed the decreasion in the temporal cortex and the limbic lobe (right insula). Relative to the nondeficit schizophrenic patients, deficit patients had significant regional gray matter decreases in the left medial frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus (Cluster ≥ 30 mm3, P<0.01). Conclusion Structural heterogeneity in schizophrenia may relate to specific patterns of gray matter density reductions in deficit and nondeficit patient. However the two subtype of schizophremia patients share a common prefrontal-temperal pattern of structural brain alterations.