ObjectiveTo elucidate the chemical composition of Danshenyin and its blood components in rats after oral administration. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） coupled with PeakView 1.2 software was used to systematically characterize and identify the components of Danshenyin aqueous extract and its migratory components in rat blood after oral administration based on the retention time， quasi-molecular ion peaks， secondary fragmentation ions， and literature reports， and a preliminary compounds identification of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma aqueous extract， the co-decoction of Santali Albi Lignum and Amomi Fructus was carried out to attribute the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of Danshenyin. ResultsA total of 73 compounds， including 21 phenolic acids， 23 diterpenes， 6 flavonoids， 7 organic acids， 3 volatile oils and 13 others， were identified from the aqueous extract of Danshenyin. And 36 prototypes and 15 metabolites were identified in rat plasma， the major metabolic pathways included reduction， hydration， hydroxylation， demethylation， methylation， sulfation and others， these metabolites were mainly derived from tanshinones and salvianolic acids. ConclusionThe main blood components of the aqueous extract of Danshenyin are salvianolic acids and tanshinones， which may be the material basis of the efficacy. This study can provide reference for pharmacological research， quality control， and clinical application of Danshenyin.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of conventional impression techniques,intraoral scanning,and two stereophotogrammetry systems(PIC and ICam4D)for complete-arch implant restorations,and to analyze the influence of varying interimplant distance and implant angulation on the accuracy of each impression method.Methods A total of 6 edentulous maxillary all-on-four casts were fabricated with varying posterior implant parameters,including anterior-posterior(A-P)distances of 20 mm and 35 mm and distal implant angulations of 0°,15°,and 25°.Impressions were obtained using conventional impression techniques,intraoral scanning,and two stereophotogrammetry systems(PIC and ICam4D).The three-dimensional deviations of the impression techniques were measured using reverse-engineering software to evaluate trueness and precision.Results The accuracy of intraoral scanning technology exhibited a declining trend with increasing A-P distance and implant angulation.The maximum deviations in trueness and precision were observed in the posterior region with an A-P distance of 35 mm and a distal implant angulation of 25°,measuring(76.90±43.32)μm and(99.43±74.39)μm,respectively.The conventional impression techniques exhibited stable performance,with mean accuracy deviation values consistently falling below 50 μm.The ICam4D stereophotogrammetry system exhibited the highest precision across all conditions(P<0.05).The maximum precision deviation for PIC system occurred in the right anterior region with an A-P distance of 20 mm and a distal implant angulation of 15°([28.10±18.73]μm),while the maximum trueness deviations for both PIC and ICam4D were observed in the anterior region with an A-P distance of 20 mm and a distal implant angulation of 25°,measuring(62.63±9.40)μm and(83.61±1.76)μm,respectively.The PIC system showed better overall trueness than ICam4D did when distal implant angles were≥15°(P<0.05).Conclusion For complete-arch implant rehabilitation,the accuracy of different impression methods varies depending on implant-related factors.The inter-implant distance and angulation were critical determinants of accuracy for intraoral scanning,whereas conventional impression techniques and the two stereophotogrammetry systems exhibited no clear correlation with these parameters.

Abiotic stresses substantially affect the growth and development of plants. Plants have evolved multiple strategies to cope with the environmental stresses, among which transcription factors play an important role in regulating the tolerance to abiotic stresses. Basic leucine zipper transcription factors (bZIP) are one of the largest gene families. The stability and activity of bZIP transcription factors could be regulated by different post-translational modifications (PTMs) in response to various intracellular or extracellular stresses. This paper introduces the structural feature and classification of bZIP transcription factors, followed by summarizing the PTMs of bZIP transcription factors, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification, in response to abiotic stresses. In addition, future perspectives were prospected, which may facilitate cultivating excellent stress-resistant crop varieties by regulating the PTMs of bZIP transcription factors.
Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Phosphorylation ; Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Stress, Physiological/genetics*

Objective:To construct a representative index system for evaluating pediatric orthopedic nursing quality, providing a basis for hospital pediatric orthopedic nursing quality assessment and monitoring.Methods:From April to July 2023, using the "structure-process-outcome" three-dimensional quality structure model as the theoretical framework, a literature review was conducted, and an item pool was formulated. Through two rounds of Delphi method expert consultations, the hierarchical analysis method was finally employed to determine the indicators and their weights at each level.Results:The effective recovery rates of the questionnaire of the two rounds of expert consultations were 100% (20/20), the authority coefficients of experts were 0.87 and 0.88, the coefficients of variation were 0.00 to 0.27 and 0.00 to 0.24. The Kendell harmony coefficients of the second and third indicators in the two rounds of inquiry were 0.140, 0.166 and 0.192, 0.161(all P<0.05). The final pediatric orthopedic nursing quality evaluation index system included 3 primary indicators, 21 secondary indicators and 83 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, the weight of process quality was the highest at 0.493 4, followed by outcome quality at 0.310 8, and the lowest was structural quality at 0.195 8. In the secondary indicators, "assessment criteria of limb blood circulation" had the highest weight at 0.099 8. Conclusions:The constructed pediatric orthopedic nursing quality evaluation index system covers key aspects and is more operationally feasible. It provides better guidance for nursing interventions and quality control.

Objective To analyze the correlation between cumulative fluid balance volume and increasing plasma volume and aggravated clinical congestion symptoms in patients with heart failure on admission for 1～7 d,and to explore the application value of cumulative fluid balance volume in predicting volume overload.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,235 heart failure patients hospitalized from October 2022 to February 2023 in a total of 3 tertiary hospitals in Nanjing,Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province,and Zhumadian,Henan Province,were selected and classified into an increasing/decreasing plasma volume group and an aggravated/alleviated clinical congestion symptoms group.General information,clinical characteristics,and 1～7 d cumulative fluid balance volume of the study subjects were collected to compare the differences in cumulative fluid balance volume between the 2 groups.Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of cumulative fluid balance volume on plasma volume and clinical congestion symptoms.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the optimal cutoff value of cumulative fluid balance volume for predicting increasing plasma volume and aggravated clinical congestion symptoms.Results Excluding 15 pat ients who were discharged early and 3 patients with inaccurate records of fluid intake and excretion,a total of 217 patients were included.The incidence of positive fluid balance was lowest on day 1,at 65.90%,with the smallest cumulative volume of(0.235±0.983)L;the highest incidence of positive balance occurred on day 6,at 75.58%,with the largest cumulative volume of(2.444±5.445)L.The cumulative fluid balance at 4～7 d in the increasing plasma volume group was higher than that in the decreasing plasma volume group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the cumulative fluid balance at 4～7 d was an independent risk factor for plasma volume elevation,and a cumulative fluid balance of 2.308,3.361,3.518,and 3.702 L at 4～7 d was predictive of a plasma volume elevation,and areas under receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.686,0.721,0.647,and 0.766,respectively.The cumulative fluid balance for 4～7 d in the aggravated clinical congestion symptoms group was higher than that in the alleviated clinical congestion symptoms group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the cumulative fluid balance for 4～7 d was an independent risk factor for the aggravated clinical congestion symptoms,and a cumulative fluid balance for 4～7 d of 2.574,3.383,4.995,and 4.235 L predicted aggravated clinical congestion symptoms,and area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.640,0.693,0.654,and 0.720,respectively.Conclusion The incidence of cumulative positive fluid balance in heart failure patients is high,and the amount of cumulative fluid balance can better predict the occurrence of volume overload,and the increase of plasma volume precedes the appearance of clinical congestion symptoms.It is suggested that heart failure patients with more than 3 d of cumulative positive balance should be closely monitored,and when the cumulative positive balance exceeds 2.308 L,measures should be taken in time to drain excessive fluid,so as to avoid the incidence of volume overload.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes in monoamine oxidase A(MAOA)and forkhead box A1(FOXA1)levels during neuroendocrine differentiation(NED)in prostate cancer,providing new strategies for the treatment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.Methods Cell models and mouse transplantation models of NED were established through long-term sustained induction with enzalutamide(ENZ).Dynamic expression of MAOA and FOXA1 in NED was detected by Western Blot and Real-time PCR.GEO database data were selected to analyze the dynamic trends in MAOA and FOXA1 levels in multiple NED models.We constructed a mouse transplantation model of human prostate cancer cell lines and analyzed the dynamic expression of MAOA and FOXA1 in the in vivo NED model by immunohistochemistry.MAOA expression was disrupted with lentiviral transfection,and the impact on FOXA1 was detected.Results Both MAOA and FOXA1 concentrations showed dynamic characteristics,increasing and then decreasing during the NED process.Knockdown of MAOA in prostate cancer cells led to decreased expression of FOXA1.This MAOA may play different roles at different stages of NED by acting through FOXA1.Conclusions Both MAOA and FOXA1 levels showed increasing,then decreasing,trends during NED.The expression of MAOA affected the level of FOXA1,and MAOA/FOXA1 may play a dynamic regulatory role in the NED process.

Monoamine oxidase A(MAOA)is a membrane-bound mitochondrial enzyme that exists in almost all vertebrate tissues,where it catalyzes the degradation of biogenic and dietary-derived monoamines.MAOA has the function of regulating neurotransmitter metabolism and is associated with anti-tumor immune responses.Most previous studies have focused on the role of MAOA in tumor cells,while more recent findings suggest that MAOA plays an equally significant role in tumor-associated immune cells.In this review,we summarize the regulatory effect of MAOA on the inhibitory tumor microenvironment.The suppressing function of MAOA on various types of tumor-associated immune cells(e.g.,CD8+T cells and tumor-associated macrophages)by its direct effect on monoamines and their metabolic characteristics are discussed.We propose that developing novel MAOA-inhibitor drugs and exploring multidrug-combination strategies may enhance the efficacy of immune therapy for tumors.In conclusion,MAOA may act as a novel target in tumor immunity and influence the effect of tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To construct a patient-derived pancreatic tumor organoid(PDO)and evaluate its effectiveness.Methods We collected fresh surgical specimens from pancreatic cancer patients for PDO culture and compared the pathological and genetic characteristics of the PDO model with those of primary tumors.The PDO model was used to evaluate the efficacy of clinical chemotherapy drugs,and the effectiveness of the model was assessed.Results A PDO model of pancreatic cancer was successfully established.Histomorphological analysis indicated that the PDO model maintained the basic pathological characteristics of the primary tumor.Whole-exon sequencing showed that both the organoids and original tumor tissue remained consistent in their gene mutation type and characteristics.Drug screening tests revealed that the PDO model had good sensitivity to gemcitabine and irinotecan.Conclusions A pancreatic cancer PDO was successfully constructed that reflected the histological and genetic characteristics of the original tumor.The model was shown to be effective for drug sensitivity experiments in vitro and is expected to have implications for precision medicine assays.

In order to investigate the mechanism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMGCR)on liver bile acid(BAs)and lipid metabolism of dairy cows with fatty liver,A liver lip-id accumulation model was established by isolating primary calf hepatocytes and treating them with high concentration of non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA)in vitro.Then,HMGCR overex-pressed adenovirus(Ad-HMGCR)and overexpressed adenovirus control(Ad-GFP)were added.Hepatocyte triglyceride(TAG)was detected by the kit,lipid droplet changes were detected by lip-id droplet fluorescence,and BAs synthesis,fatty acid synthesis and oxidation factor changes were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The results showed that TAG content and lip-id droplet fluorescence were significantly reduced in Ad-HMGCR+NEFA group compared with Ad-GFP+NEFA group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that CYP7A1,CYP8B1,CYP7B1 and CYP27A1 of hepatocyte BAs synthesis factors in Ad-HMGCR+NEFA group,BAs transporters ABCC2 and ABCB11 and fatty acid synthesis factors ACC1,FAS and SREBP1C were significantly lower than those in Ad-GFP+NEFA group.The levels of BAs syn-thesis factor FXR and lipid oxidation factor CPT1A in Ad-HMGCR+NEFA group were higher than those in Ad-GFP+NEFA group.The results showed that overexpression of HMGCR could significantly reduce BAs and lipid accumulation in the liver of dairy cows with fatty liver.

Objective:To explore the difference of inflammatory factor imbalance between adolescent and adult patients with depression.Methods:A total of 30 adolescent and 30 adult patients with depression, and 30 adolescent and 30 adult healthy controls were included from January 2022 to August 2023. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-β1), interleukin-10(IL-10) and Maresin-1(MaR1) level were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 24-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-24) was used to assess the severity of depression in all depressed patients. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for t-test, covariance analysis, Spearman analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression, and the predictive value of selected inflammatory factors in depression was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results:(1)In adolescent group, the levels of IL-6 ((64.000±38.632) pg/mL), IL-17((239.132±49.757) pg/mL), and TGF-β1((737.267±328.447)pg/mL) in patients with depression were higher than those in control group((32.396±16.330)pg/mL, (214.954±42.326)pg/mL, (454.542±297.194)pg/mL, all P<0.05), while the level of MaR1((21 381.301±3 946.011)pg/mL) was significantly lower than that in control group((30 130.138±10 278.999)pg/mL)( P<0.001). The level of IL-17 was positively correlated with the total score of HAMD-24 ( r=0.429) and the course of disease ( r=0.571), the level of IL-10 was negatively correlated with body weight factor score ( r=-0.384), and the levels of TGF-β1 was negatively correlated with anxiety/somatization factor score ( r=-0.449)(all P<0.05) in adolescent patients with depression.MaR1( B=0.000 1, OR=0.999 8, AUC=0.794, P<0.05) was an independent risk factor for adolescents depression.(2)In adult depression group, the levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β1 and MaR1 were higher than those in adult control group(all P<0.05). The level of TGF-β1 in adult depression group was negatively correlated with the total score of HAMD-24 ( r=-0.427), the score of anxiety/somatization factor ( r=-0.368), the score of blocking factor ( r=-0.405), and the score of hopelessness factor ( r=-0.398).The level of MaR1 was positively correlated with the age of onset of disease ( r=0.425)(all P<0.05) in adult patients with depression.MaR1( B=0.000 4, OR=1.000 3, AUC=0.874, P<0.001) and IL-6( B=0.040, OR=1.040 7, AUC=0.779, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for adult depression.The AUC of IL-6 combined with MaR1 was 0.938. Conclusion:There are differences in the underlying mechanism of immune imbalance between adolescent and adult patients with depression.MaR1 may be a diagnostic biomarker for depression in adolescents and adults.