Background Air pollution is a major environmental factor threatening respiratory health. Different pollutants exhibit varying degrees of lag effects on respiratory diseases, and synergistic effects may exist among multiple pollutants. There is an urgent need to identify the key air pollutants influencing respiratory diseases and their interactive effects at specific lags. Objective To identify key pollutants affecting hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, to analyze their lag effect characteristics, and to quantify the impact of multi-pollutant synergistic effects on respiratory disease admissions. Methods Daily air pollution data, meteorological data, and respiratory disease hospitalization records were collected from multiple national monitoring stations in Hefei City from 2019 to 2024. A two-stage analytical framework was employed. First, a distributed lag model (DLM) was used to construct pollutant lag matrices, followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to select key variables among fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃). Second, a generalized additive model (GAM) was established, incorporating product interaction terms and excess relative risk (ERI) to quantitatively assess synergistic effects among the selected pollutants. Results Through LASSO regression, 24 pollutant lag terms with non-zero coefficients were identified, among which NO₂, PM_2.5, and SO₂ accounted for 66.7% of the total positive effects and exhibited distinct lag patterns. Exposure to NO₂ showed acute risk, with a relative risk of 1.040 (95%CI: 1.023, 1.057) at lag0. Conversely, PM_2.5 and SO₂ exhibited delayed effects, with peak impacts observed at lag7 (RR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.0002, 1.024) and lag3 (RR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.0004, 1.03), respectively. Short-term NO₂ exposure (lag0–1) exhibited a significant positive interaction with medium-term PM_2.5 exposure (lag4–7). When both pollutants coexisted at high exposure levels, the combined health risk exceeded the sum of their independent effects by 4.40%. Stratified analysis showed that the interaction effects of pollutants were higher in females (ERI=5.00%), children (<18 years, ERI=5.50%), and older adults (≥65 years, ERI=3.90%)Conclusion There are significant lag heterogeneity and synergistic mechanisms in the health effects of air pollution in Hefei. It is recommended to implement real-time early warning responses for NO₂, prioritize medium-to-long-term management for PM_2.5 and SO₂, and adopt coordinated emission reduction measures when NO₂ and PM_2.5 concentrations rise simultaneously. Concurrently, enhanced health protection should be provided for sensitive populations such as women, children, and the elderly.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo investigate the present situation of input, output, outcome and impact of all registered community-based rehabilitation stations in Inner Mongolia in China, and analyze how the input predict the output, outcome and impact. MethodsFrom March 1st to April 30th, 2025, a questionnaire survey was conducted on all registered community-based rehabilitation stations in Inner Mongolia, covering four dimensions: input, output, outcome and impact. A total of 1 365 questionnaires were distributed. The input included four items: laws and policies, human resources, equipment and facilities, and rehabilitation information management. The output included two items: technical paths and benefits/effectiveness. The outcome included three items: coverage rates, rehabilitation interventions and functional results. The impact included two items: health and sustainability. Each item contained several questions, all of which were described in a positive way. Each question was scored from one to five. A lower score indicated that the situation of the community-based rehabilitation station was more in line with the content described in the question. Regression analysis was performed using the total score of each item of input dimension as independent variables, and the total scores of the output, outcome and impact dimensions as dependent variables. ResultsA total of 1 262 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean values of input, output, outcome and impact of community-based rehabilitation stations were 1.827 to 1.904, with coefficient of variation of 45.892% to 49.239%. The regression analysis showed that, rehabilitation information management, human resources, and laws and policies significantly predicted the output dimension (R² = 0.910, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, all four items in the input dimension predicted both the outcome (R² = 0.850, P < 0.001) and impact dimensions (R² = 0.833, P < 0.001). ConclusionInput, output, outcome and impact of the community-based rehabilitation stations in Inner Mongolia were generally in line with the content of the questions, although some imbalances were observed. Additionally, the input of community-based rehabilitation stations could significantly predict their output, outcome and impact.

Background: High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a chromatin-binding protein involved in arthritis, ischemia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, meningitis, and cancer. HMGB1 exhibits dual roles in cancer, acting as either a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein depending on context. Objective: This research aimed to elucidate HMGB1’s functional significance in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods: We overexpressed HMGB1 in cSCC cell lines using recombinant adenovirus and examined its effects on cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed elevated HMGB1 expression levels in cSCC tissue relative to normal epidermis. To assess the influence of HMGB1, we employed recombinant adenoviruses expressing HMGB1 to transduce SCC cell lines (SCC12 and SCC13). Enhanced HMGB1 expression significantly promoted cellular proliferation and colony formation capacity.Notably, HMGB1 overexpression elevated the levels of proliferation regulators, including P63, SOX2, CDK4 and CDK6. Furthermore, HMGB1 overexpression substantially enhanced tumor invasiveness, accompanied by upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers. Mechanistically, overexpression of HMGB1 enhanced transforming growth factor-β signaling by increasing phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, the key mediators of EMT. Conclusion These data imply that HMGB1 acts as a tumor-promoting factor in cSCC.

Objective: To optimize the technology and process for recovering immune cells from discarded leukocyte filter through reverse flushing, and to investigate the effects of different reverse flushing solutions and physical conditions (temperature, soaking, and ultrasound) on the cell recovery rate. Additionally, to evaluate the feasibility and quality of isolating and culturing NK cells from the recovered cells. Methods: Normal saline, PBS, and PBS-EDTA were used as reverse flushing solutions to backwash the filter, and the white blood cell recovery rates were compared. The reverse flushing efficiency was optimized by adjusting the temperature of the reverse flushing solution, filter soaking treatment and ultrasonic treatment. The Ficoll separation method was employed to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the elution solution and conduct in vitro expansion and culture. Lymphocyte subsets were identified and quantified using flow cytometry. Results: The physiological saline served as the backflush fluid was the most stable. The reverse temperature had a significant impact on the recovery rate of white blood cell subgroups. The recovery rates of lymphocytes and monocytes at 37℃ were significantly higher than those at 4℃ [(35.56±5.55)% vs (22.88±0.31)%, (32.42±4.82)% vs (8.00±1.6)%, t=5.581 and 5.758, respectively, both P<0.001)], and at 25℃ [(35.56±5.55)% vs (22.42±6.13)%, t=5.904, P<0.001; (32.4±4.82)% vs (21.11±1.23)%, t=2.629, P=0.030)]. The recovery rates of white blood cell subgroups after 37℃ immersion were higher than those after direct reverse flow at 37℃, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The recovery rate of cells after ultrasonic immersion at 25℃ was further increased compared to that after immersion at 25℃, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The purity of the NK cells obtained through sorting reached (94.2±4.5)%, and the viability was (94.8±0.9)%. After 15 days of culture, the cell count was expanded approximately 450 times, yielding more than 10 /mL highly active NK cells. Conclusion: By optimizing the backflushing process, immune cells can be efficiently recovered from discarded filters. The 37℃ backflow liquid has the best backflow effect; soaking and ultrasonic treatment can be used as auxiliary methods to improve recovery rates. The NK cells from this source have high purity, good activity, and strong expansion ability, and can be used as a reliable cell source for immunotherapy research, and in line with the circular economy concept of resource reuse.

Objective: To present the plotting of trend analysis charts and the application of multi-rule trend analysis method for monitoring the quality of whole blood, washed red blood cells, and leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cells. Methods: Samples of whole blood, washed red blood cells, and leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cells were collected in accordance with relevant protocols and requirements. The results of blood quality testing were compiled. The trend line charts were plotted for the deviation rates of volume, hemoglobin (Hb) content, supernatant protein content, and leukocyte residual count. In addition, the trend line chart were plotted for hematocrit and post-storage hemolysis rate. Results: The trend analysis rules for the deviation rate of volume from the standard were: 1 categorized as out-of-control, (3 of 4) as warning, R as warning, 8 as alert, and 12 as alert. For Hb content deviation rate, the rules were: <0% categorized as out-of-control; <20% but ≥0% (for whole blood) or <10% but ≥0% (for washed red blood cells and leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cells) as a warning. For supernatant protein content deviation rate, the rules were: ≥0.0% as out-of-control, and >-10% but <0.0% as a warning. For hematocrit, the rules were: 1 as out-of-control and (3 of 4) as warning. For leukocyte residual count deviation rate, the rules were: >0.0% as out-of-control, and >-10% but ≤0.0% as a warning. For post-storage hemolysis rate, the rule was: ≥0.8% out-of-control. Conclusion: The application of multi-rule trend analysis facilitates the timely identification of trend abnormalities and factors causing deviations in the collection and preparation processes of whole blood, washed red blood cells, and leukocyte-depleted suspended red blood cells, thereby providing reliable numerical evidence for their correction and adjustment.

OBJECTIVE To compare the communication effect and content characteristics of the pharmaceutical science popularization account “Pharmacist Binbin” on the three platforms of TikTok， Xiaohongshu and Today’s Headlines， and explore the cross platform communication strategy of pharmaceutical science popularization videos.METHODS Quantitatively analyze the five core indicators of the “Pharmacist Binbin” science popularization account on the three major platforms （total video releases， number of followers， page views， high dissemination video related data， and platform user profile characteristics）， and systematically analyze the platform attributes and content compatibility.RESULTS TikTok， Xiaohongshu， and Today’s Headlines videos were released 478， 306， and 450 items， with 245 million views， 1.164 9 million views， and 14.167 1 million views， respectively. The following users were 535 000， 95 000， and 53 000 respectively. The gender ratio of TikTok users was relatively balanced， with the majority of users aged 31 to 40 years old， preferring “short， flat， and fast”， scene-oriented science popularization， and the highest exposure. The users of Xiaohongshu were mainly young and middle-aged women in first-tier and new first-tier cities， and content related to family and maternal and child medication is more popular. Today’s Headline users were mostly middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old， and the dissemination of chronic disease science was more effective. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall video browsing volume of the three platforms with high communication power （ H ＝44.07， P ＜0.001）. The browsing volume of TikTok was significantly higher than that of Xiaohongshu and Today’s Headlines （ P ＜0.001 after correction）， and the browsing volume of Today’s Headlines was higher than that of Xiaohongshu （ P ＜0.001 after correction）； Xiaohongshu has the highest like and collection rates， while Today’s Headline has the highest sharing and commenting rates （ P ＜0.05 after correction）. The browsing volume of hot and time-sensitive content was significantly higher than that of non-hot and time-sensitive content （ β ＝0.24， P ＝0.012）. The browsing volume of the dialogue form of one person playing two roles/personification was significantly higher than that of single-person oral explanation （ β ＝0.27， P ＝0.009）.CONCLUSIONS Science popularization videos with innovative forms， timely hot topics， and long-term demand were the main high dissemination content. According to the characteristics of different platforms， such as TikTok’s flow-driven model， Xiaohongshu’s prominent vertical demand for women and families， and Today’s Headlines demand for knowledge about chronic diseases among the middle-aged and elderly， we should establish a pharmaceutical science popularization communication matrix that focuses on each other and complements each other.

ObjectiveTo assess the performance of preoperative serum Golgi protein 73 （GP73） in diagnosing liver fibrosis degree in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）， to investigate its value in predicting postoperative survival， and to provide a basis for risk stratification and individualized decision-making in this population. MethodsA total of 631 patients with HCC who underwent liver resection at The First Hospital of Jilin University from March 1， 2009 to December 31， 2022 were enrolled. The demographic， pathological， and serological features of the patients were collected， and the serum level of GP73 was measured before surgery. Scheuer score determined by liver biopsy was used as the gold standard for diagnosing liver fibrosis； the Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between GP73 and liver fibrosis； the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and the area under the ROC curve （AUC） were used to assess the value of serum GP73 and compound serological markers in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis， and the Delong test was used for comparison of AUC. With all-cause mortality as the outcome， X-Tile 3.6.1 software was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of GP73； the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent influencing factors for prognosis， and a nomogram model was constructed. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for internal validation； index of concordance （C-index）， integrated discrimination improvement （IDI） index， and net reclassification improvement （NRI） index were calculated； calibration curve and decision curve analysis were used to assess the predictive performance of the model. ResultsThe serum level of GP73 was positively correlated with Scheuer liver fibrosis stage （r_s=0.255， P<0.001）. Serum GP73 had a significantly higher AUC than gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-platelet ratio （0.704 vs 0.634， Z=2.00， P=0.046） and S index （0.704 vs 0.637， Z=1.98， P=0.048） in the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis， with no significant difference compared with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index （AUC=0.722） and fibrosis-4 index （AUC=0.695） （both P>0.05）. During a median follow-up time of 48.66 months， 239 patients （37.9%） died. GP73 had an optimal cut-off value of 65 ng/mL in predicting postoperative mortality in patients with resectable HCC， and high GP73 expression （≥65 ng/mL） alone achieved a C-index of 0.617 for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients， which was better than the C-index of 0.551 for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer （BCLC） stage （P<0.001）. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum GP73 （hazard ratio ［HR］=2.56， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.86 — 3.52， P<0.001）， sex （HR=1.58， 95%CI： 1.10 — 2.28， P=0.014）， vascular invasion （HR=1.69， 95%CI： 1.30 — 2.21， P<0.001）， total bilirubin （HR=1.49， 95%CI： 1.16 — 1.93， P=0.002）， and maximum tumor diameter （HR=1.07， 95%CI： 1.04 — 1.11， P<0.001） were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality after hepatectomy in patients with HCC. In order to assess whether the addition of GP73 to the other four variables could further improve model performance， the model based on GP73， sex， vascular invasion， total bilirubin， and maximum tumor diameter was defined as the GP73-included model， and the model based on all five variables except GP73 was defined as the GP73-excluded model. The GP73-included model achieved an AUC of 0.704 （95%CI： 0.656 — 0.753） for predicting 5-year survival rate after surgery， and ten-fold cross-validation showed that this model had a mean C-index of 0.716 （95%CI： 0.682 — 0.750）， which was higher than the C-index of the GP73-excluded model （C-index=0.682， 95%CI： 0.645 — 0.719， P=0.008） and BCLC stage （C-index=0.551， 95%CI： 0.523 — 0.580， P<0.001）. Compared with the GP73-excluded model， the GP73-included model yielded an IDI index of 0.039 （95%CI： 0.016 — 0.069， P<0.001） and an NRI index of 0.259 （95%CI： 0.179 — 0.335， P<0.001）， and compared with BCLC stage， the GP73-included model had an IDI index of 0.112 （95%CI： 0.069 — 0.163， P<0.001） and an NRI index of 0.272 （95%CI： 0.169 — 0.380， P<0.001）. Calibration curve and decision curve analyses showed that the GP73-included model had good calibration and net clinical benefit. ConclusionGP73 can be used as a serological biomarker for diagnosing liver fibrosis in patients with resectable HCC， and preoperative GP73 level has a certain value in predicting the survival of these patients after hepatectomy. The integrated prognostic model incorporating GP73 can help to optimize postoperative risk stratification， thereby providing a basis for decision-making in precise treatment of HCC.

Taxifolin (Tax) has been proved to be a medicinal edible substance with protective effects against alcoholic liver injury, however, its poor hydrophilicity and permeability have hindered the clinical application of Tax. In this study, we prepared taxifolin-phosphatidylcholine/sodium deoxycholate/PVP-K30 micells (Tax-MLs). Box-Behnken test was used to obtain the optimal preparation process, and Tax-MLs were characterised by transmission electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Physicochemical parameters such as proximate micelle concentration, equilibrium solubility and oil-water partition coefficient were determined, and the release pattern of Tax-MLs was investigated by in vitro digestion simulation. Alcoholic liver injury model to explore the in vivo efficacy of Tax-MLs. The results showed that the average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of Tax-MLs were 36.90 ± 4.57 nm, 0.194 ± 0.01 and -32.6 ± 0.35 mV, respectively, and the uniform size and distribution of Tax-MLs were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The formation of Tax-MLs was proved by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In terms of physicochemical properties, the solubility of Tax-MLs in water increased by 92.02 times compared with Tax, and its oil-water partition coefficient in water increased from 0.43 to 1.14, which proved that Tax-MLs could improve its solubility and permeability. The in vivo pharmacodynamic results showed that compared with the Tax group, Tax-MLs low, medium and high dose groups showed a significant reduction in liver indices and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.05), and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) more significantly in the hepatic tissues. Tax-MLs effectively improved drug solubility and permeability, and enhanced the protective effect against alcoholic liver injury. Animal experiments were conducted with approval from the Animal Ethics Committee of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: 2023601).