Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the most common and harmful microvascular complications of diabetes， and there is currently a lack of effective treatment methods to delay its progression. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of treating DKD and offers unique advantages. As a traditional Chinese medicine， Rehmannia glutinosa has shown potential in the treatment of DKD in clinical and modern pharmacological research. After integrating relevant research on the pharmacological mechanism of R. glutinosa in treating DKD， it has been found that the main active components of R. glutinosa， such as catalpol， rehmannioside D， aucubin， verbascoside， salidroside， echinacoside and R. glutinosa polysaccharides， along with its extracts and compounds （such as Liuwei dihuang pills， Shenqi dihuang decoction， and Shenqi pills）， can exert multiple effects by intervening in various signaling pathways， including advanced glycation end product （AGE）/receptor for AGE， nuclear factor kappa-B （NF- κB）， and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）/Smads. These effects include ameliorating metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in DKD， inhibiting the processes of renal inflammation and fibrosis， regulating cell death modalities including apoptosis and ferroptosis， as well as autophagy， and reshaping the gut microbiota. Consequently， it can improve physical and chemical indices and renal tissue pathological damage， thus delaying the progression of DKD.

With the development of periodontal regenerative technology,an increasing number of scholars reported that advanced periodontitis involving teeth can be preserved through intentional replantation.Intentional replantation has become the last possible method to preserve natural teeth for advance periodontitis with signs of tooth extraction.Howev-er,the indications of intentional replantation are strict,and the success of the operation is closely related to the condition of cases and the operation skills of doctors.In this article,the operation steps and criteria of intentional replantation were summarized by introducing three success cases of advanced periodontitis involving teeth preserved by intentional replan-tation.The relevant factors that affect the prognosis of intentional replantation in advanced periodontitis involving teeth preservation were analyzed to help clinicians preserve natural teeth.

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevant social and environmental factors affecting the occurrence of periodontal diseases during pregnancy in pregnant women and to analyze the influence of the periodontal status of women in the second trimester of pregnancy on small for gestational age (SGA) delivery. Methods: A total of 215 pregnant women were enrolled in this study in the Department of Periodontology of the West China Hospital of Stomatology of Sichuan University from May 2015 to May 2018. Periodontal parameters, such as bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were recorded at 16-24 weeks of gestational age. Subjects were divided into the periodontitis (n=32) group, gingivitis (n=171) group and periodontally healthy (n=12) group according to their periodontal conditions. With the patient′s informed consent, the patient decided whether to receive periodontal treatment. Basic and socioeconomic information was collected through questionnaires. After delivery, subjects were divided into the SGA group and non-SGA group according to their birth results. The periodontal clinical indicators, questionnaire results and delivery results were compared among the groups. Results : The mean PD (P=0.005, r=-0.192) and BOP% (P=0.003, r=-0.199) were negatively correlated with economic income. The family income in the periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group and the gingivitis group (P < 0.05). The flossing use rate was significantly higher in the healthy group than that in the gingivitis group (P < 0.05). A total of 106 pregnant women received scaling and root planing, while 109 patients only received oral hygiene instruction. After delivery, SGA occurred in 23 cases (10.7%), and there were no significant difference in SGA incidence among the three groups (P > 0.05). PD ≥ 5 mm% and PD ≥ 4 mm% (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the SGA group than in the non-SGA group. There was no significant difference in SGA incidence between the treated group and the untreated group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Family income and dental flossing use have an impact on the incidence of periodontal diseases during pregnancy. The severity of periodontitis in pregnant women is correlated with the incidence of SGA.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Glucogon like pep tide-1 (GLP-1 )on H9C2 cardio-myocytes against AGEs-induced apoptosis and the po-tential molecular mechanisms.Methods H9 C2 car-diomyocytes cells cultured in vitro were divided into the following groups:normal control group ,1 0 0 mg · L-1 AGEs group,100 mg·L-1 AGEs+10 nmol·L-1 GLP-1 group,100 mg·L-1 AGEs+5 mmol·L-1 N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)group.Cell viabillity rate was meas-ured by CCK-8 assay,ROS production was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe;Cells in different groups were stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI and then apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry;Nucleus morphology was observed under fluorescence micro-scope after being incubated with Honchest 33258;Bax, Bcl-2 mRNA gene expression was measured using RT-PCR;Western blot was applied to assess the apoptotic components expression including Bax and Bcl-2.Re-sult Compared with control group,cell viability rate in AGEs group was decreased in a dose-dependent manner;cell apoptosis and ROS production in H9 C2 cells were remarkably increased in AGEs group.How-ever,compared with AGEs group,GLP-1 reduced ROS production and ameliorated cell apoptosis caused by AGEs;the expression of pro-apototic proteins Bax was decreased,the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 was increased. Conclusion GLP-1 protects H9 C2 cardiomyocytes against AGEs-induced apoptosis, which may be related to the reduction of the active oxy-gen (ROS).

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of caleitriol,training on balance and lower extremity muscle strength on fall risk of postmenopausal women with osleoporosis or osteopenia.Methods A total of 200 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia,whose balance test confirmed higher fall risk,were randondy assigned to group A or B.Those of group A received the following intervention:( 1 ) 0.25 μg calcitriol,QD; (2) general information on fall and osteoporosis; (3) balance training; (4) lower extremity muscle strength exercises.Those of group B were only treated with 0.25 μg calcitriol.All the participants were supplemented with 600 mg/d calcium and 125 IU/d vitamin D.Fall index,bone mineral density,serum levels of calcium and phosphorus,and adverse reactions were record.Results After 3 months' intervention,the fall index of both groups was significantly decreased ( group A:t =2.16,P＜0.05 ; group B:t =2.08,P＜0.05 ).After 6 months' intervention,the fall index of both groups went on decreasing,and significant difference of fall index between 6 month and baseline of group A and between group A and group B at 6 months was found.After 1-year intervention,the fall index of group A was further decreased in comparison with group B ( t =2.66,P＜0.05 ).No hypercalcemia occurred during the study period.Conclusion The fall risk of the patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis or osteopenia was reduced after 3 months' intervention.Twelve months' active vitamin D intervention could either reduce the risk of fall or improve bone mineral density.Patient education,balance training and muscle exercise may be effective intervention to reduce fall risk.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the roles of imbalance between peripheral blood T helper 17 (Th17) cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T(Treg) cells in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 52 patients with AD aged 2-14 years and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Flow cytometry was performed to detect the percentage of Th17 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood.Meanwhile,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was carried out to detect the serumlevel of interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.Results The children with AD showed a higher percentage of Th17 cells but a lower percentage of Treg cells in CD3+ T cells compared with the controls (( 1.20 ± 0.41 )％ vs.(0.54 ± 0.28)％,t =2.58,P ＜ 0.05; (2.29 ± 0.67)％ vs.(5.95 ± 0.45)％,t =15.23,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,the serum level of IL-6 was significantly higher,while that of TGF-β1 was lower in patients with AD than in the controls ((5.12 ± 0.45) ng/L vs.(3.89 ± 0.38) ng/L,t =2.59,P＜ 0.05; (57.65 ± 10.78) ng/L vs. (81.18 ± 7.78) ng/L,t =5.41,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsChildren with AD experience a change in the percentage of Thl7 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood as well as in the serum level of IL-6 and TGF-β1,and the imbalance between Th17 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood may contribute to the development of AD.

Objective To investigate the clinical feature, treatment and prognosis of severe hand-footmouth disease without typical skin lesions. Methods Clinical data from 24 patients with severe hand-footmouth disease without typical skin lesions collected from January 2010 to May 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 17 males and 7 females among the 24 patients. Of them, 3 patients with positive EV71 showed no skin lesions at the first visit, 2 presented with only herpes of mouth, 3 with only skin rashes in gluteal regions, 5 with only skin rashes on the palms, 2 with only skin rashes of the knees, 9 with skin rashes in hands, feet and gluteal regions simultaneously. The skin rashes were sparse with an atypical distribution.Fever occurred in all the 24 patients and lasted 6 - 7 days. Nervous system was involved in all the patients,and pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients. RT-PCR and real-time PCR showed that the pharyngeal swab was positive for EV71 in 13 patients, for CoxA16 in 2, for other enterovirus in 3, and feces samples were positive for EV71 in 9 patients, for CoxA16 in 1, for other enterovirus in 2. Five patients were positive for EV71 in both pharyngeal swab and feces samples. Four patients died of multiple organ failure, the other 20 patients were cured and discharged from hospital. Conclusions The major pathogen causing severe hand-footmouth disease is EV71 in the 24 patients; children under 2 years are liable to this disease; high fever is common with various rashes. Early recognition of atypical skin lesions and timely management are most important for the control of severe hand-foot-mouth disease and improvement in overall survival of patients with this entity.