Objective To investigate the microbial contamination and its influencing factors of indoor air in public places in Xi'an City, to assess the health risk of employees, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the indoor environment of public places. Methods Total bacterial count and total fungal count in indoor air were monitored in hotels/inns, shopping malls/supermarkets, gyms, and waiting rooms in Xi'an from 2023 to 2024. The health risk assessment of employees was evaluated according to the Chinese Population Exposure Parameters Manual (Adult Volume). Results Overall, the standard-exceeding rate of total bacterial count in Xi'an was 3.85%, and the median values of total bacterial count and total fungal count were 350 CFU/m3 and 300 CFU/m3, respectively. The results of the generalized linear model showed that high indoor temperature and PM10 levels were associated with increased indoor bacterial concentrations (β>0, P<0.05), while high daily passenger flow, and high indoor relative humidity and PM₁₀ levels were associated with increased indoor fungal concentrations (β>0, P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression showed that high levels of indoor bacterial and fungal concentrations were risk factors for respiratory discomfort among employees. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for all types of public places were less than 1, indicating that the health risk of microbial aerosol exposures for employees was relatively low. Conclusion The indoor microbial pollution in public places in Xi'an is relatively mild, but countermeasures still need to be taken to reduce indoor air microbial contamination.

The number of patients with reduced blood volume due to haemorrhage, fractures, severe infections, extensive burns and tumours is increasing, and traditional blood products are no longer able to meet the increasing clinical demand. Therefore, plasma substitutes have become particularly important in fluid resuscitation, especially artificial colloidal solutions, which have a sustained volume expansion time and a good volume expansion effect, and can significantly improve the circulatory status of patients. This article aims to review the classification of artificial colloidal plasma substitutes and their research progress in clinical practice, in order provide a more rigorous, professional and standardized reference for medicine.

Syringa pinnatifolia, belonging to the family Oleaceae, is a species endemic to China. It is predominantly distributed in the Helan Mountains region of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia of China. The peeled roots, stems, and thick branches have been used as a distinctive Mongolian medicinal material known as "Shan-chen-xiang", which has effects such as suppressing "khii", clearing heat, and relieving pain and is employed for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and joint pain. Over the past five years, significant increase was achieved in research on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. There were a total of 130 new constituents reported, covering sesquiterpenoids, lignans, and alkaloids. Its effects of anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, sedation, and analgesia were revealed, and the mechanisms of agarwood formation were also investigated. To better understand its medical value and potential of clinical application, this review updates the research progress in recent five years focusing on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. pinnatifolia, providing reference for subsequent research on active ingredient and support for its innovative application in modern medicine system.
Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Syringa/chemistry*

Nipah virus (NiV) and related viruses form a distinct henipavirus genus within the Paramyxoviridae family. NiV continues to spillover into the humans causing deadly outbreaks with increasing human-bat interaction. NiV encodes the large protein (L) and phosphoprotein (P) to form the viral RNA polymerase machinery. Their sequences show limited homologies to those of non-henipavirus paramyxoviruses. We report two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the Nipah virus (NiV) polymerase L-P complex, expressed and purified in either its full-length or truncated form. The structures resolve the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and polyribonucleotidyl transferase (PRNTase) domains of the L protein, as well as a tetrameric P protein bundle bound to the L-RdRp domain. L-protein C-terminal regions are unresolved, indicating flexibility. Two PRNTase domain zinc-binding sites, conserved in most Mononegavirales, are confirmed essential for NiV polymerase activity. The structures further reveal anchoring of the P protein bundle and P protein X domain (XD) linkers on L, via an interaction pattern distinct among Paramyxoviridae. These interactions facilitate binding of a P protein XD linker in the nucleotide entry channel and distinct positioning of other XD linkers. We show that the disruption of the L-P interactions reduces NiV polymerase activity. The reported structures should facilitate rational antiviral-drug discovery and provide a guide for the functional study of NiV polymerase.
Nipah Virus/chemistry* ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Viral Proteins/genetics* ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics* ; Phosphoproteins/genetics* ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Reperfusion therapy is the best treatment option for this condition. However, reperfusion can aggravate myocardial damage through a phenomenon known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which has recently gained the attention of researchers. Several studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicines and their natural monomeric components exert therapeutic effects against I/R injury. This review outlines the current knowledge on the pathological mechanisms through which mitochondria participate in I/R injury, focusing on the issues related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial quality control disorders, oxidative stress, and calcium. The mechanisms by which mitochondria mediate cell death have also been discussed. To develop a resource for the prevention and management of clinical myocardial I/R damage, we compiled the most recent research on the effects of Chinese herbal remedies and their monomer components.

ObjectiveTo assess the predictive value of the bladder deformation index (BDI) in determining upper urinary tract (UUT) damage among patients with neurogenic bladder (NB). MethodsClinical data of 132 NB patients admitted to Beijing Bo'ai Hospital from January, 2015 to December, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into UUT damage group and normal UUT group according to the presence or absence of hydronephrosis. The demographics, biochemical parameters and video-urodynamics (VUDS) findings were collected, and BDI was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the predictive capability. ResultsThere were 54 patients in UUT damage group and 33 in normal UUT group. The course of disease, creatinine level and BDI were siginificantly different between two groups (P < 0.05), while the area under the curve were 0.686, 0.836 and 0.928, respectively. ConclusionCourse of disease, creatinine level and BDI are associated with UUT damage in NB patients, and BDI demonstrates the highest sensitivity and specificity, which may play a role in diagnosis of UUT damage.

Objective: To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among university students in some universities in Shandong Province, so as to provide a theoretical reference for implementing corresponding intervention measures. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to select 8 079 university students studying in universities in Shandong Province from March 2023 to May 2024 as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into a training set (6 463) and a validation set (1 616) according to the 8/2 ratio. The influencing factors of depression among university students were analyzed, and a risk prediction model for depression among university students was constructed and validated. Results: In the training set of university students, the detection rate of depression was 35.09%(2 268/6 463), with 1 632 cases (71.96%) of mild depression, 545 cases (24.03%) of moderate depression, and 91 cases (4.01%) of severe depression. In the validation set of university students, the detection rate of depression was 33.97% (549/1 616), with 384 cases (69.95%) of mild depression, 127 cases (23.13%) of moderate depression, and 38 cases (6.92%) of severe depression. In the training set, the proportions of those who surfed the Internet for more than 3 h/d, occasionally or did not participate in physical exercise, had average or poor relationships with classmates, often drank sugary drinks, occasionally or did not have breakfast, had unsatisfactory academic performance, had an average monthly living expense of less than 1 500 yuan on campus, and had divorced or widowed parents in the depression-detected group were all higher than those in the undetected group( χ 2=1 193.85,1 584.41, 1 115.10 ,826.00,1 424.05,924.58,803.68,797.65, P <0.05). The scores of the Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) in the depression detected group were also higher than those in the undetected group( t =98.48, P <0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that physical exercise, classmate relationships, academic performance, average monthly living expenses on campus, and CTQ-SF scores were influencing factors for depression among university students( OR =3.87, 4.82, 3.63, 3.75, 4.39, P <0.05). The sensitivity of the model in the training set for predicting depression among university students was 89.0%(95% CI =87.6%-90.2%), the specificity was 93.0% (95% CI =92.2%-93.7%), and the area under the curve was 0.9(95% CI =0.8-1.0); the sensitivity of the model in the validation set for predicting depression among university students was 87.6%(95% CI =84.5%-90.1%), the specificity was 91.3%(95% CI =89.4%-92.9%), and the area under the curve was 0.9(95% CI =0.8-1.0). Conclusions The high detection rate of depressive symptoms among university students in some universities in Shandong Province warrants attention. Constructing a risk prediction model is helpful for early identifying the risk of depression among university students.

Objective: To explore the application effect of a guided self help intervention based on dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) to address non suicidal self injury (NSSI) behavior among college students, so as to provide a reference for reducing the occurrence of NSSI behavior in this population. Methods: A total of 106 college students with NSSI admitted to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group, with 53 cases in each group, using a random number table method. The control group received routine medication treatment and psychological intervention, while the observation group, on the basis of the interventions provided to the control group, implemented dialectical behavior therapy based guided self help. The approach combines group activities, individual counseling, and selfdirected learning, covering four core modules: mindfulness training, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotion regulation. Meanwhile, data collection, skill check ins, and personalized recommendation pushes were conducted through a WeChat. Both groups were intervented for 12 weeks. Before the intervention and after the intervention, the Adolescent Non suicidal Self injury Behavior Questionnaire, Ottawa Self injury Inventory (OSI), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used to evaluate the patients, and the levels of serum neurotransmitters were detected. The χ 2 test, t test, and Cochran s Q test were used for data comparison and analysis. Results: The incidence rates of NSSI in the observation group after 3, 6, and 12 weeks of intervention were 47.17%, 16.98%, and 5.66%, respectively, all lower than those in the control group (67.92%, 35.85%, 20.75%) ( χ 2=4.67, 4.85, 5.27,all P <0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, in the NSSI Behavior Questionnaire, the total score of the observation group was (17.94±2.69) points, which was lower than that of the control group (23.04±5.11) points; in the Function Questionnaire, the total score of the observation group was (53.24±8.94) points, which was higher than that of the control group (47.74±8.00) points（both P ＜0.05）. In terms of the OSI, the total score of the observation group was (4.49±0.62) points, lower than that of the control group (6.25±0.81) points;in the BIS, the total score of the observation group was (80.76±7.94) points, lower than that of the control group (87.74±9.34) points，and the differences between groups were statistically significant(both P<0.05). After the intervention, the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the observation group was (67.93±5.42) ng/mL, higher than (44.72±5.54) ng/mL of the control group; the levels of substance P and cortisol in the observation group were (35.82±4.47) ng/L and (75.64±8.02) μg/L, respectively, both lower than (48.14±5.32) ng/L and (94.53±10.78) μg/L of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). Conclusion The guided self help intervention based on DBT is helpful for reducing NSSI behavior among college students.

Objective To compare the results obtained from an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chromosome image scanning and processing system, the Metafer 4 chromosome scanning and analysis system, and manual analysis of dicentric chromosomes, and to explore the feasibility of applying AI technology for dicentric chromosome detection and biological dose estimation. Methods Healthy human elbow vein blood was collected and subjected to ⁶⁰Co in vitro irradiation. Chromosome samples were prepared using conventional methods. The slides were scanned and automatically analyzed using the AI-based system and the Metafer 4 system. The results were manually analyzed and confirmed. Results The number of cells was comparable between the AI-based system and the Metafer 4 system. However, the scanning speed of the AI-based system was 4.5 seconds per image, which was significantly faster than the 7.3 seconds per image of the Metafer 4 system (t = −6.19, P < 0.05). At a confidence level of 0.7, the AI-based system demonstrated a true positive rate of 96.7% and a false positive rate of 6.5%, which were significantly better than the true positive rate (45.4%-54.5%) and false positive rate (22.2%-29.2%) of the Metafer 4 system (all P < 0.05). In the biological dose estimation, the deviation of the dose-response curve was ≤ ± 10% in the automatic analysis using the Metafer 4 system. Due to the use of the manual dose-response curve, the deviation of the AI-based System was ≤ ± 15%. However, there were no significant differences in the estimated doses when the two systems were compared with the manual analysis (P > 0.05). Conclusion Both the AI-based chromosome image scanning and processing system and the Metafer 4 chromosome scanning and analysis system greatly improved the analysis speed of chromosome aberrations. However, the scanning speed, true positive rate, and false positive rate of the AI-based system were superior to those of the Metafer 4 system. Therefore, the AI-based system is more suitable for rapid and high-throughput biological dose estimation in large-scale radiation accidents.

Pre-admission is a critical initiative to optimize medical service processes and alleviate the challenge of "difficult access to healthcare. "However, there is currently a lack of standardized protocols for pre-admission procedures. This study aims to systematically analyze key nodes and risk factors in pre-admission process design and propose optimization strategies, providing a foundation for policy formulation and hospital practices. By constructing a "forward-reverse" dual-process model of pre-admission and identifying risk points based on stakeholder theory (patients, hospitals, healthcare administration, and insurance), the study reveals that while pre-admission can reduce the average length of stay, improve bed turnover rates, and enhance patient satisfaction, it also presents risks such as cross-period financial settlement, challenges in insurance policy adaptability, demands for information system integration, and the need for defining medical safety boundaries. To optimize the pre-admission process and mitigate these risks, this study explores framework improvements in areas including eligibility criteria, mode selection, cost settlement, transition between pre-admission and inpatient status, and cancellation of pre-admission, offering practical guidance for public hospitals. The authors argue that pre-admission requires tripartite collaboration among hospitals, insurers, and healthcare administrations: hospitals should establish top-level design, continuously refine processes, and implement dynamic risk assessment mechanisms; insurance providers should support cross-period settlement policies; and healthcare administrations should issue guiding policies or standardized protocols. Through multi-department coordination and collaborative efforts, the optimization and innovation of pre-admission processes can be advanced, ultimately delivering more efficient and convenient healthcare experiences for patients.