Subclinical atherosclerosis underlies most cardiovascular diseases, manifesting before clinical symptoms and representing a key focus for early prevention strategies. Recent advancements highlight the importance of early detection and management of subclinical atherosclerosis. This review underscores that traditional risk factor levels considered safe, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), may still permit the development of atherosclerosis, suggesting a need for stricter thresholds. Early-life interventions are crucial, leveraging the brain's neuroplasticity to establish lifelong healthy habits. Preventive strategies should include more aggressive management of LDL-C and HbA1c from youth and persist into old age, supported by public health policies that promote healthy environments. Emphasising early education on cardiovascular health can fundamentally shift the trajectory of cardiovascular disease prevention and optimise long-term health outcomes.
Humans ; Atherosclerosis/diagnosis* ; Risk Factors ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control* ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood* ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Cardiology/trends* ; Heart Disease Risk Factors

Cardiology ; Cardiovascular System

Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists ; Consensus ; Cardiovascular System ; Cardiology ; Asia

Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy* ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Cardiology ; Hypertension/drug therapy*

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drastically changed lives, challenging all to adapt new norms and survive. Safety guidelines for physician have been set, yet fear for health and safety hounds the physician. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to segment cardiologists’ viewpoints according to perceived stressors and coping mechanisms in their clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic and to draw implications to coping in the light of the model of salutogenesis. METHODS: Q methodology, a mixed-method type of research, was used after approval from the UST Hospital Research Ethics Committee. Using convenience sampling, 30 adult cardiologists were included in this study. Following an informed consent to participate, they ranked-order 33 statements that answer the questions: “What are the stressors has this COVID-19 pandemic brought in your clinical practice of cardiology? How did you cope?” This was done on a Q grid with two “most agree” statements and two “most disagree” statements (Q-sort). A short interview followed the sorting to understand their most agree and most disagree statements. Q-sorting and interview were done via teleconferencing and in person. The Q sorts were then entered into a web-based PQMethod software (http://schmolck.org qmethod/downpqdos.htm). Typologies were generated through inductive approach. RESULTS: Three typologies were generated: the profession-driven cardiologists, the protocoldriven cardiologists, and the faith-driven cardiologists. CONCLUSION This study painted different personas of cardiologists as they conduct their practice in this pandemic. These typologies enabled the formulation of individual and group salutogenic measures that can help health care providers cope in this COVID-19 pandemic.
Cardiology ; COVID-19

Humans ; United States ; Heart Failure/therapy* ; Cardiology

Humans ; Cardiology/history* ; Cardiovascular System ; Heart ; Publishing/history* ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century

Humans ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/history* ; Biomedical Research/history* ; Cardiology/history* ; Cardiovascular System ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Publishing/history*

Humans ; Cardiovascular System ; Cardiology ; Cardiomyopathies/therapy*

Cardiology ; Cardiovascular System ; China