Objective Magnetoreception, the remarkable ability of diverse animals to sense and utilize the geomagnetic field for orientation and navigation, remains a molecularly unresolved mystery in sensory biology. The putative magnetoreceptor (MagR, previously known as IscA1) is a highly conserved iron-sulfur protein implicated in both magnetoreception and iron metabolism; however, the functional diversity among its cross-species homologs remains poorly understood. Cellular morphology is a key genetically determined trait that can be altered through genetic or environmental modifications—a process known as cell morphology engineering. Constructing engineered cells with specific morphological features and magnetic sensitivity to achieve remote, non-invasive magnetic modulation represents a crucial goal in this field with significant application potential. Therefore, this study aims to systematically investigate the effects of MagR heterologous expression on bacterial morphology and magnetic sensing capabilities, screen for MagR-based magnetically sensitive morphology engineering pathways, and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods We systematically screened 28 MagR homologous genes from diverse prokaryotic and animal taxa to evaluate their expression and corresponding phenotypic effects in Escherichia coli (E. coli). To compare the differential magnetic responses among bacteria expressing various recombinant MagR proteins, we utilized high-throughput automated bright-field microscopic imaging and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, comprehensive biochemical and biophysical characterizations of iron and iron-sulfur cluster binding were performed using Ferrozine colorimetric assays, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Additionally, 100 mT static magnetic field (SMF) exposure experiments were conducted to assess magnetically tunable phenotypes, while the intrinsic magnetic properties of purified MagR proteins were directly measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Results Our results demonstrated that the heterologous expression of MagR homologs induced varying degrees of bacterial filamentation. From this comprehensive screen, two distinct morphological patterns were identified: hydra (Hydra vulgaris) MagR (hyMagR) promoted uniform cell elongation and filamentation, exhibiting robust magnetic sensitivity manifested as significantly enhanced filamentation under the 100 mT SMF. In contrast, pigeon (Columba livia) MagR (clMagR) induced only low-frequency, extreme filamentation (sporadically exceeding 80 μm) with a relatively weaker magnetic morphological response. Mechanistically, our data unambiguously proved that these phenotypic differences are primarily driven by distinct iron redox preferences rather than total cellular iron accumulation. Specifically, hyMagR preferentially binds ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), whereas clMagR favors ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and forms more stable iron-sulfur clusters. Intriguingly, although SQUID magnetometry showed that purified clMagR exhibited approximately five-fold higher mass magnetic susceptibility than hyMagR, its cellular magnetic response was weaker. We hypothesize that the Fe²⁺-preferred intracellular environment associated with hyMagR overexpression primes the cell for enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction. Exposure to an SMF synergizes with this primed redox state, triggering the bacterial SOS response and upregulating cell division inhibitors to efficiently induce uniform filamentation. Conclusion Our findings identify the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox state as a critical determinant of MagR-mediated morphological remodeling and magnetic responsiveness. This discovery suggests a potential strategy for engineering magnetically responsive cellular systems for synthetic biology applications, and provides a plausible framework, which potentially combines intrinsic protein magnetism with redox-state modulation, for further investigating the evolutionary mechanisms of MagR-mediated magnetoreception.

Objective Magnetoreception, the remarkable ability of diverse animals to sense and utilize the geomagnetic field for orientation and navigation, remains a molecularly unresolved mystery in sensory biology. The putative magnetoreceptor (MagR, previously known as IscA1) is a highly conserved iron-sulfur protein implicated in both magnetoreception and iron metabolism; however, the functional diversity among its cross-species homologs remains poorly understood. Cellular morphology is a key genetically determined trait that can be altered through genetic or environmental modifications—a process known as cell morphology engineering. Constructing engineered cells with specific morphological features and magnetic sensitivity to achieve remote, non-invasive magnetic modulation represents a crucial goal in this field with significant application potential. Therefore, this study aims to systematically investigate the effects of MagR heterologous expression on bacterial morphology and magnetic sensing capabilities, screen for MagR-based magnetically sensitive morphology engineering pathways, and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods We systematically screened 28 MagR homologous genes from diverse prokaryotic and animal taxa to evaluate their expression and corresponding phenotypic effects in Escherichia coli (E. coli). To compare the differential magnetic responses among bacteria expressing various recombinant MagR proteins, we utilized high-throughput automated bright-field microscopic imaging and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, comprehensive biochemical and biophysical characterizations of iron and iron-sulfur cluster binding were performed using Ferrozine colorimetric assays, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Additionally, 100 mT static magnetic field (SMF) exposure experiments were conducted to assess magnetically tunable phenotypes, while the intrinsic magnetic properties of purified MagR proteins were directly measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Results Our results demonstrated that the heterologous expression of MagR homologs induced varying degrees of bacterial filamentation. From this comprehensive screen, two distinct morphological patterns were identified: hydra (Hydra vulgaris) MagR (hyMagR) promoted uniform cell elongation and filamentation, exhibiting robust magnetic sensitivity manifested as significantly enhanced filamentation under the 100 mT SMF. In contrast, pigeon (Columba livia) MagR (clMagR) induced only low-frequency, extreme filamentation (sporadically exceeding 80 μm) with a relatively weaker magnetic morphological response. Mechanistically, our data unambiguously proved that these phenotypic differences are primarily driven by distinct iron redox preferences rather than total cellular iron accumulation. Specifically, hyMagR preferentially binds ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), whereas clMagR favors ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and forms more stable iron-sulfur clusters. Intriguingly, although SQUID magnetometry showed that purified clMagR exhibited approximately five-fold higher mass magnetic susceptibility than hyMagR, its cellular magnetic response was weaker. We hypothesize that the Fe²⁺-preferred intracellular environment associated with hyMagR overexpression primes the cell for enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction. Exposure to an SMF synergizes with this primed redox state, triggering the bacterial SOS response and upregulating cell division inhibitors to efficiently induce uniform filamentation. Conclusion Our findings identify the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox state as a critical determinant of MagR-mediated morphological remodeling and magnetic responsiveness. This discovery suggests a potential strategy for engineering magnetically responsive cellular systems for synthetic biology applications, and provides a plausible framework, which potentially combines intrinsic protein magnetism with redox-state modulation, for further investigating the evolutionary mechanisms of MagR-mediated magnetoreception.

Objective The aim of the study is to analyze the incidence patterns and epidemiological characteristics of parasitic and vector-borne diseases in the Minhang and Jinshan districts of Shanghai, and provide evidence-based information for optimizing prevention and control measures. Methods We collected information from epidemic reports and epidemiological investigation forms for cases of parasitic and vector-borne diseases from 2005 to 2024 in Shanghai's Minhang and Jinshan districts. Descriptive epidemiological method were adopted to conduct a comparative analysis of incidence trends, epidemic characteristics, and infection sources. Results A total of 229 cases in 7 categories were reported between 2005 and 2024, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.36/100 000. The average annual incidence rate in Minhang District was significantly higher than that in Jinshan District. The most prevalent diseases were malaria and dengue fever, followed by Japanese encephalitis. Monthly case reports were available, predominantly from June to October, with a peak in July-August. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two districts in case distribution during June-October (P＜0.001), whereas no significant difference was found for July-August (P=0.331). The majority of cases were young men (111/229,48.47%), aged 20-39 years. Migrant workers/farmers constituted the largest occupational group (55/229, 24.02%). Registered residents of other provinces and cities (147/229,64.19%), and the main source of infection was overseas importation (112/229,48.91%). There were no statistically significant differences in gender and household-registration composition between the two districts (P＞0.05). Significant differences existed in age, occupation, and source of infection (P＜0.05). The imported diseases were malaria and dengue fever, with Africa and Southeast Asia being the primary source locations. Malaria was the predominant disease imported from other provinces and cities, with cases having been imported from abroad since 2012. Local infections were mainly Japanese encephalitis, followed by malaria (with the last local case reported in 2010). Cases between 2005 and 2009 were predominantly imported from other provinces and cities. The proportion of cases imported from abroad increased sharply after 2010, particularly in Minhang District. Local infections sometimes arise in Jinshan District, with Japanese encephalitis serving as the primary type. Conclusions Incidence rates of parasitic and vector-borne diseases in Minhang and Jinshan districts have generally remained low. To further reduce this disease burden, it will be necessary to strengthen joint measures for prevention and control, eliminate the environmental risk factors of vector organisms, enhance monitoring and precise control of the environment and inbound personnel to prevent the occurrence and transmission of parasitic and vector-borne diseases.

Lymphoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by complex molecular regulatory mechanisms that result in significant differences in aggressiveness and prognosis across its subtypes.Gene copy number alteration(CNA)analysis,an emerging technology,has become a pivotal tool in the precision re-search and management of lymphoma.By detecting DNA deletions,amplifications,and chromosomal copy number changes,CNA analysis addresses the limitations of traditional cytogenetic techniques,enhances the ac-curacy of subtype classification,and aids in evaluating tumor heterogeneity and disease progression.This re-view provides a comprehensive summary of CNA detection methods and their applications in lymphoma,with a focus on recent advancements in the field.It offers a comparative analysis of CNA detection techniques and discusses their role in precision diagnosis,subtype classification,monitoring disease progression,predicting therapeutic resistance,and assessing prognosis.Additionally,the review explores the potential applications of CNA analysis in uncovering molecular regulatory mechanisms,optimizing therapeutic strategies,and impro-ving patient survival outcomes.

Endometriosis(EMs)is a common estrogen-depend-ent clinical disease with the pathological characteristics of malig-nant tumors,which has great impact on women's physical and mental health.In recent years,experimental exploration has re-vealed that ectopic foci are in a hypoxic environment outside the uterine cavity,and mitochondria,as the"functional factories"of the cells,play an important role in the process of planting and in-vasion,and the mitochondrial quality control system,which in-cludes mitochondrial oxidative stress,kinetics,autophagy,bio-genesis and calcium homeostasis,is a key mechanism for the e-quilibrium of the mitochondrial function.The mitochondrial quality control system,including mitochondrial oxidative stress kinetics,autophagy,biogenesis and calcium homeostasis,is a key mechanism for mitochondrial functional balance.Therefore,to clarify the role of the mitochondrial quality control system in the development of EMs with the help of rational and rigorous experi-mental and clinical studies can not only help to clarify the patho-genesis of the disease,but also explore the key targets in the prevention and treatment of the disease.Therefore,this article summarizes the research progress of mitochondrial quality control system in endometriosis,with a view to providing reference and theoretical basis for the etiology,pathogenesis and prevention strategies of EMs.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)payment reform on medical service costs and efficiency for inpatients in public hospitals,and to compare differences between surgical and medical groups.Methods:A quasi-experimental design was employed,using 605 636 discharged patients from a tertiary hospital in Hebei Province between January 2020 and March 2025 as the sample.The difference-in-differences(DID)model was used to analyze the changes in key indicators between the DIP settlement group(intervention group)and the non-DIP settlement group(control group).Results:Total hospitalization costs,out-of-pocket expenses,and medication costs were significantly reduced in the DIP settlement group(P<0.05),while costs for examinations,nursing,laboratory tests,and treatments increased significantly(P<0.05).Material costs increased by 30.7%in the surgical group(P<0.1)and decreased by 19.8%in the medical group(P<0.01).In terms of efficiency,the average length of stay,time,and cost consumption index all decreased(P<0.01),while the proportion of medical services increased(P<0.01).The case mix index(CMI)showed no significant changes.Conclusion:The DIP reform effectively controlled costs and improved efficiency,but it also resulted in cost shifting and departmental disparities.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize cost control and departmental management policies.

OBJECTIVE: As an age-related neurodegenerative disease, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases with age. Within the framework of traditional Chinese medicine, spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome (SKDS) is recognized as the most frequent MCI subtype. Due to the covert and gradual onset of MCI, in community settings it poses a significant challenge for patients and their families to discern between typical aging and pathological changes. There exists an urgent need to devise a preliminary diagnostic tool designed for community-residing older adults with MCI attributed to SKDS (MCI-SKDS). METHODS: This investigation enrolled 312 elderly individuals diagnosed with MCI, who were randomly distributed into training and test datasets at a 3:1 ratio. Five machine learning methods, including logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), naive Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting (GB), were used to build a diagnostic prediction model for MCI-SKDS. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, and area under the curve were used to evaluate model performance. Furthermore, the clinical applicability of the model was evaluated through decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: The accuracy, precision, specificity and F1 score of the DT model performed best in the training set (test set), with scores of 0.904 (0.845), 0.875 (0.795), 0.973 (0.875) and 0.973 (0.875). The sensitivity of the training set (test set) of the SVM model performed best among the five models with a score of 0.865 (0.821). The area under the curve of all five models was greater than 0.9 for the training dataset and greater than 0.8 for the test dataset. The DCA of all models showed good clinical application value. The study identified ten indicators that were significant predictors of MCI-SKDS. CONCLUSION The risk prediction index derived from machine learning for the MCI-SKDS prediction model is simple and practical; the model demonstrates good predictive value and clinical applicability, and the DT model had the best performance. Please cite this article as: Ai YT, Zhou S, Wang M, Zheng TY, Hu H, Wang YC, Li YC, Wang XT, Zhou PJ. Development of a machine learning-based risk prediction model for mild cognitive impairment with spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome in the elderly. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(4): 390-397.
Humans ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis* ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; Machine Learning ; Spleen ; Aged, 80 and over ; Kidney ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of modified Société Internationale d′Oncologie Pédiatrique Epithelial Liver Tumor Study Group (SIOPEL)-4 protocol for pediatric hepatoblastoma (HB) with lung metastases.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled 27 newly diagnosed pediatric HB with lung metastases who received the modified SIOPEL-4 protocol at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Children′s Hospital between January 2020 to December 2023. Clinical characteristics, lung response rates to induction chemotherapy, treatment outcomes, prognostic factors and sever chemotherapy toxicities at different stages were analyzed. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate prognostic analysis was conducted by Log-Rank test.Results:Of the 27 patients, there were 17 males and 10 females, with the age of 21 (15, 33) months. During the follow-up of 31 (12, 45) months for 17 continuous complete remission patients, 4 cases disease progression (2 cases death) and 6 cases relapse were observed. The 2-year event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rate was (58±11)% and (89±7)%, respectively. All the 27 patients had response to block 1-3 induction chemotherapy (cisplatin+doxorubicin), with 14 cases (52%) achieving complete response and 13 cases (48%) achieving partial response of lung metastatic lesions, the 2-year EFS rate was (81±12)% and (34±14)%, respectively ( χ 2=6.76, P=0.009), the 2-year OS rate was 100% and (79±13)%, respectively ( χ2=2.12, P=0.145). Patients with caudate lobe tumors or ≥10 pulmonary metastatic nodules had significantly lower EFS rates ( χ2=5.36, 7.84, P=0.021, 0.005, respectively). The incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia after block 1-3 induction chemotherapy, CD (carboplatin+doxorubicin), and VI (vincristine+irinotecan) consolidation chemotherapy was 90% (73/81), 75% (58/77), and 31% (11/35), respectively. The incidence of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was 77% (62/81), 69% (53/77), and 14% (5/35), respectively. The incidence of grade 3/4 infections was 64% (52/81), 25% (19/77), and 20% (7/35), respectively. The differences between the groups were statistically significant ( χ2=43.51, 42.69, 33.00, all P<0.001). Two patients (10%) of the 20 evaluable patients for ototoxicity occurred grade 3 and higher hearing impairment, with 1 patient requiring a hearing aid. Conclusions:The modified SIOPEL-4 regimen shows good preliminary efficacy and safety in treating pediatric HB with lung metastases. The prognosis for patients with residual lesions in the lungs after induction chemotherapy needs to be improved. Attention should be given to the ototoxicity induced by high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)payment reform on medical service costs and efficiency for inpatients in public hospitals,and to compare differences between surgical and medical groups.Methods:A quasi-experimental design was employed,using 605 636 discharged patients from a tertiary hospital in Hebei Province between January 2020 and March 2025 as the sample.The difference-in-differences(DID)model was used to analyze the changes in key indicators between the DIP settlement group(intervention group)and the non-DIP settlement group(control group).Results:Total hospitalization costs,out-of-pocket expenses,and medication costs were significantly reduced in the DIP settlement group(P<0.05),while costs for examinations,nursing,laboratory tests,and treatments increased significantly(P<0.05).Material costs increased by 30.7%in the surgical group(P<0.1)and decreased by 19.8%in the medical group(P<0.01).In terms of efficiency,the average length of stay,time,and cost consumption index all decreased(P<0.01),while the proportion of medical services increased(P<0.01).The case mix index(CMI)showed no significant changes.Conclusion:The DIP reform effectively controlled costs and improved efficiency,but it also resulted in cost shifting and departmental disparities.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize cost control and departmental management policies.

Objective To compare the efficacy of testicular repositioning and fixation combined with decompression of the testicular fascial compartment (testicular leucotomy+sheath flap repair) versus conventional testicular repositioning and fixation in surgery for testicular torsion in children. Methods Fifty-six patients with testicular torsion admitted to Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2019 to October 2023 were selected and divided into the observation group (26 cases) and the control group (30 cases),and the observation group was treated with testicular reorientation and fixation+testicular fascial compartment decompression,while the control group was treated with conventional testicular reorientation and fixation. There was no statistically significant difference in the age and left and right sides of the patients in the two groups (P>0.05). The intraop-erative bleeding,postoperative testicular atrophy,the presence of postoperative scrotal infection and postoperative hospitalization time of the two groups were compared. Results All patients successfully completed the operation without intraoperative complications. There was no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in terms of intraoperative bleeding,postoperative scrotal infection rate and postoperative hospitalization time (P>0.05);the postoperative testicular atrophy rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Testicular restoration and fixation+testicular fascial compartment decompression can effectively reduce the pressure of testicular fascial compartment,reduce the ischemia-reperfusion injury of testis,and reduce the occurrence of testicular atrophy,which is safe and effective in the treatment of testicular torsion in children.