Objective:To analyze the risk factors for aspiration pneumonia (AP) among stroke survivors with dysphagia and construct a prediction model.Methods:The records of one hundred and forty-eight stroke survivors with dysphagia admitted since 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into an AP group ( n=46) and a non-AP group ( n=102). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated seeking independent risk factors for AP. the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze predictive power. Results:The incidence of AP was 31%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, Barthel index, Kubota′s water drinking test grading, nutritional support methods and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could be useful independent predictors of AP. The areas under the ROC curves suggested that Kubota grading, nutritional support methods, the NLR and the Barthel index could be used to prepare a prediction nomogram with good sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions:Age, Barthel index, Kubota water drinking test grades, nutritional support methods and NLR are independent predictors of AP for stroke survivors with dysphagia. Combining them in a nomogram gives better predictive power than using the factors alone.

OBJECTIVE To explore the antidepressant effect and potential mechanism of icariside Ⅱ （ICSⅡ） based on the GABAergic nervous system. METHODS The male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a control group （group C， 10 mice） and a modeling group （50 mice）. The depression model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） method in the modeling group. After 21 days of stimulation， the rats of modeling group were randomly divided into depression model group （NS group）， positive control group [ECS group， oxalate escitalopram 15 mg/（kg·d）] and ICSⅡ low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups [ICSⅡ-L group， ICSⅡ-M group， ICSⅡ-H group； ICSⅡ 10， 20， 30 mg/（kg·d）]， with 10 mice in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. The sugar water preference rate， total exercise distance， immobility time in tail suspension and forced swimming experiments were detected in each group. The morphology of neurons and Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region were observed； the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and glutamic acid （Glu）， GABA/Glu ratio， and the expressions of GABAergic nervous system-related proteins （GABA A receptor α1， GABA B receptor 1， vesicular GABA transporter， glutamate decarboxylase 67， GABA membranal transporter 3） were detected in hippocampus. RESULTS Compared with group C， the sugar water preference rate and the total exercise distance significantly reduced in NS group， while the values of immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly prolonged （P＜0.05）. The morphology of neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus was irregular and the Nissl bodies were reduced， with a significant decrease in the number of structurally intact neurons （P＜0.05）； the content of Glu was significantly increased， while the content of GABA， GABA/Glu ratio， and the expressions of GABAergic nervous system-related proteins were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with NS group， depression behavior in each administration group was improved， and the above indexes were mostly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ICSⅡ can improve depression behavior of depression model mice. The mechanisms may be associated with regulating the balance of GABA and Glu， increasing the synthesis， transport and release of GABA， and regulating the expressions of GABA-related receptors， so as to improve GABAergic nervous system.

Objective To understand and improve the laboratory detection capacity of water manganese in testing organizations of Shaanxi Province． Methods The self-made manganese capacity testing samples were used as the reference in this proficiency testing program. The homogeneity of the samples was tested by single factor analysis of variance. The t-test method was used to evaluate the stability of the samples. The results of manganese in water provided by participant laboratories were analyzed by the robust statistical technique Z-score. Results A total of 136 laboratories participated in the proficiency testing program throughout the province. Among them, 129 laboratories (including retest laboratory) or 94.85% of total participating laboratories obtained satisfactory results. Conclusion The water quality monitoring agencies of our province had shown a strong detection capability for the determination of metal elements in drinking water, which ensures to provide safe water supply to the residents in Shaanxi Province.

A case of SNX10 gene mutation in a patient with infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) was admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The patient had the symptom of anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and growth retardation. The X-ray examination suggested extensive increase of bone density throughout the body, which was clinically diagnosed as IMO. The homozygous mutation of SNX10 gene c.61C>T was found via gene sequencing. We reviewed the relevant literatures and found that anemia, visual and hearing impairment, hepatosplenomegaly are the main clinical symptoms of IMO, SNX10 gene mutation is a rare cause of IMO, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment.
Bone Density ; Child ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Mutation ; Osteopetrosis/genetics* ; Sorting Nexins/genetics*

Zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) were synthesized by gel-sol method and employed as the transdermal aloesin (Alo) carriers. ZnO QDs were surface-functionalized with amino using aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Alo was covalently bonded on the surface of ZnO QDs via N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole to obtain Alo NPs, which were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). TEM images showed that ZnO QDs were analogously sphere and monodisperse with a reasonably narrow size distribution, of which was around 4 nm. The size of Alo NPs increased to around 8 nm due to the surface modification. The intense bands at around 3 400 cm and 1 200 cm in the FTIR spectrum of Alo NPs from the vibration of -OH indicated the linkage of Alo on the surface of ZnO QDs. The results of TGA analysis showed that the mass ratio of ZnO QDs and Alo were 39.27% and 35.14%, respectively. The penetration of Alo NPs was much higher than raw Alo according to the passive penetration experiments with Franz-type diffusion cells instrument using full-thickness cavy skin, which manifested the improvement of the penetration for Alo delivered by ZnO QDs. The pH-controlled drug release behavior was investigated. At pH 7.4, only a small amount of Alo (1.45% ± 0.21%) had been released after 2 h. In contrast, as incubation at pH 5.0 of which pH was similar to endosomal environment, Alo was released very fast (87.63% ± 0.46% in 2 h) from Alo NPs, confirming that Alo NPs could response to the pH and realize the intracellular drug release. The inhibitory effect of Alo NPs on tyrosinase was in a dose dependent manner. When the concentration of Alo NPs was 12.5 μg/mL, the inhibition rate was up to 40.32% ± 1.57%. All the results show that the Alo NPs hold a great potential in transdermal tyrosinase inhibition.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Chromones ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; Guinea Pigs ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; metabolism ; Nanoparticles ; Quantum Dots ; Zinc Oxide

Objective To acknowledge the NALP3 inflammasome expression and significance in the interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/PBS).Methods The urine of 16 IC/BPS patients and 16 normal persons was collected to measure the IL-1β content by ELISA.Bladder tissue of 16 IC/BPS patients and para-carcinoma tissue of 16 bladder cancer patients were collected.And the levels of NALP3,caspase1 and IL-1β were detected by Western Blot.60 female rats were randomly divided into control group(bladder was infused with 0.5 ml saline),hyaluronidase group [bladder was infused with 0.5 ml hyaluronidase (4 mg/ml)],NALP3 antagonist group [bladder was infused with 0.5 ml hyaluronidase (4 mg/ml) and Glyburide(10 mg/kg)] and mucosal protectant group [bladder was infused with 0.5 ml hyaluronidase (4 mg/ml) and sodium hyaluronate(0.8 mg/ml)] to carried out the animal experiment,and 15 rats in each group.The models were created by long-term (1 month) intermittent intravesical hyaluronidase infusion.Voiding patterns were investigated by cystometry.Toluidine blue staining was used to detected mast cell’s changes.The levels of NALP3,caspase-1 and IL-1β were determined by Western Blot,HE staining was to detect tissue inflammation of the bladder,and the severity of pain was examined by Von-frey brush by using the strength of 0.07、0.4、1.0 g.The comparison between the chemotaxis of 200 ng,400 ng IL-1β and 200ng SCF IL-1β to mast cells was checked by Transwell experiment.Results The expressions of IL-1β in IC/PBS patients was increased in IC/PBS group than normal control group [(381 ± 112) μg/L vs.(98 ± 40) μg/L,P ＜0.01].The expressions of NALP3,Caspase-1 and IL-lβ had increased in the IC/PBS group than normal group(0.22 ±0.08 vs.0.11 ±0.02,0.25 ±0.03 vs.0.10 ±0.01,0.19 ±0.04 vs.0.11 ± 0.02,P ＜ 0.05)by Western Blot.In the IC/PBS rats,compared with the control group,the intercontraction intervals [(120.0 ± 15.6) s vs.(447.3 ± 24.6) s] and bladder capacity [(0.34 ± 0.02) ml vs.(1.33 ± 0.04) ml] of the model group were significantly decreased (both P ＜ 0.05).In mucosal protectant group and NALP3 antagonist group,the intercontraction intervals [(323 ± 16.3)s,(280 ± 12.5)s] and bladder capacity [(1.14 ± 0.05) ml,(0.84 ± 0.04) ml] were increased compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05).The amount of mast cell in model group were significantly increased than control group (3.4 ±0.8 vs.0.4 ± 0.2,P ＜ 0.05) while in mucosal protectant group (1.8 ± 0.5) and NALP3 antagonist group (1.5 ± 0.7) were decreased compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05).The protein levels in modle group of NALP3 (5.91 ±0.33 vs.1.00 ±0.12),caspase-1 (6.75 ±0.42 vs.1.00 ±0.22) and IL-1β(7.12 ±0.45 vs.1.00 ± 0.18)were increased than control group.In mucosal protectant group and NALP3 antagonist group,theNALP3 (2.921 ±0.21,2.07±0.18),caspase-1 (3.28 ±0.31,2.25 ±0.19) and IL-1β(3.33± 0.41,1.98 ±0.21) were decreased compared with control group.VonFrey pain score in model group were significantly increased than control group(0.07 g:7.5 ± 1.8 vs.2.1 ± 0.5,0.4 g:9.2 ± 1.9 vs.5.2 ± 1.1,1.0g:15.4±3.8 vs.6.8±1.5,P＜0.05) and VonFrey pain score(0.07 g:2.4±0.3,2.8± 0.7;0.4 g:5.2 ±0.4,6.5 ±1.3;1.0 g:6.4 ±0.8,7.3 ±1.1;P＜0.05) in NALP3 antagonist group were significantly decreased.In vitro,Transwell experimental results showed that 400 ng IL-1β of mast cell chemotaxis is similar with that of the 200 ng SCF (3 800 ±400 vs.4 800 ±500,P ＞0.05).Conclusions The levels of NALP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β in the urine of patients with IC/PBS were significantly higher than those in normal control group.NALP3 is activated in chronic cystitis rat model,and related to pain and frequent urination.This may be related to the down-regulation of expression of NALP3,caspase-1,IL-1β,and other inflammatory mediators,and blocking the chemotactic effects of IL-1 β on mast cells.

In view of the excellent biocompatibility as well as the low cost, nanoscale ZnO shows great potential for drug delivery application. Moreover, The charming character enable nanoscale ZnO some excellent features (e.g. dissolution in acid, ultrasonic permeability, microwave absorbing, hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition). All of that make nanoscale ZnO reasonable choices for smart drug delivery. In the recent decade, more and more studies have focused on controlling the drug release behavior via smart drug delivery systems based on nanoscale ZnO responsive to some certain stimuli. Herein, we review the recent exciting progress on the pH-responsive, ultrasound-responsive, microwave-responsive and UV-responsive nanoscale ZnO-based drug delivery systems. A brief introduction of the drug controlled release behavior and its effect of the drug delivery systems is presented. The biocompatibility of nanoscale ZnO is also discussed. Moreover, its development prospect is looked forward.

This study is to compare the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of liposomal mitoxantrone (Mit-lipo) and free mitoxantrone (Mit-free). The antineoplastic effect of Mit-lipo was evaluated on PC-3 human xenograft tumor model after repeated intravenous injection at dose levels of 1, 2 and 4 mg x kg(-1). The pharmacokinetic study of Mit-lipo and Mit-free was performed on dogs following a single intravenous injection. The tissue distribution of Mit-lipo and Mit-free was observed on S-180 bearing mice after a single intravenous injection. (1) Pharmacodynamics: Mit-lipo dose-dependently inhibited PC-3 tumor growth at a dose ranging from 1 to 4 mg x kg(-1). The antitumor effect studies showed that Mit-lipo significantly improved the therapeutic effect in comparison with free drug. (2) Pharmacokinetics: in comparison with Mit-free, the AUC and t(1/2) values of Mit-lipo at the same dose level were higher than those of Mit-free in Beagle dogs. The results showed that Mit-lipo had long circulation characteristics. (3) Tissue distribution in S-180 bearing mice: compared to Mit-free, Mit-lipo preferentially accumulated into tumor zones instead of normal tissues. Tumor AUC in Mit-lipo treated animals was 8.7 fold higher than that in mice treated with the same dose of Mit-free. The Cmax values of Mit-lipo in heart, kidney, lung, spleen and intestinal tissue in Mit-lipo were 30.2%, 161.6%, 20.2%, 27.9% and 78.3% lower than those of Mit-free, respectively. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Mit-lipo changed obviously, thus increasing therapeutic effect and improving drug therapeutic index.

The clinical values of coils embolization in the treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) and related complications were investigated. Eleven patients with PAVMs verified by pulmonary arterial angiography were treated by transcatheter coils embolization. Chest X-ray (11 cases), computer tomography (7 cases) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (2 cases) were performed before embolization. Blood-gas analysis was done in 5 cases before and after embolization. The follow-up materials of 8 patients were collected to evaluate the effect of embolization with coils. The clinical manifestations included cerebral embolus, hemoptysis and decreased oxygenation in 9 patients and the remaining 2 had no symptoms. 9/11 cases were found by chest X-ray and 8 were diagnosed definitely. 7/7, 2/2 cases were diagnosed by CT or MR and diagnosis was made in all cases. Embolization was performed in 29 vessels. Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood of 5 cases changed significantly before and after embolization. Slight complications occurred in 6 patients, such as low fever, chest pain, pleurisy. The follow-up results showed that 7 cases were cured effectively. No primary and secondary device migration, and no medical paradoxical embolization occurred. It was concluded that coils embolization is a well-established method for treating PAVMs. It is a minimally invasive lung preserving treatment with high efficiency and less complication.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Pulmonary Veins ; abnormalities ; Treatment Outcome

The clinical values of coils embolization in the treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) and related complications were investigated. Eleven patients with PAVMs verified by pulmonary arterial angiography were treated by transcatheter coils embolization. Chest X-ray (11 cases), computer tomography (7 cases) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (2 cases) were performed before embolization. Blood-gas analysis was done in 5 cases before and after embolization. The follow-up materials of 8 patients were collected to evaluate the effect of embolization with coils. The clinical manifestations included cerebral embolus, hemoptysis and decreased oxygenation in 9 patients and the remaining 2 had no symptoms. 9/11 cases were found by chest X-ray and 8 were diagnosed definitely. 7/7, 2/2 cases were diagnosed by CT or MR and diagnosis was made in all cases. Embolization was performed in 29 vessels. Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood of 5 cases changed significantly before and after embolization. Slight complications occurred in 6 patients, such as low fever, chest pain, pleurisy. The follow-up results showed that 7 cases were cured effectively. No primary and secondary device migration, and no medical paradoxical embolization occurred. It was concluded that coils embolization is a well-established method for treating PAVMs. It is a minimally invasive lung preserving treatment with high efficiency and less complication.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis ; Arteriovenous Malformations/*therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*instrumentation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Pulmonary Artery/*abnormalities ; Pulmonary Veins/*abnormalities ; Treatment Outcome