In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of viral hepatitis mortality and life loss among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023, and to provide a basis for related prevention and control work. Methods Viral hepatitis mortality data were obtained from the Pudong New Area mortality monitoring system. The crude mortality rate (CMR), standardized mortality rate (SMR), potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL), and standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL) were calculated to analyze viral hepatitis deaths. The average annual change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) of the mortality rate were calculated by Joinpoint regression analysis to analyze the trend of mortality. Results The CMR and SMR of viral hepatitis among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023 were 3.89/100000 and 1.98/100000, respectively. Both CMR and SMR of viral hepatitis showed a decreasing trend over time (CMR:APC=-5.476, t=-13.581, P<0.001; SMR:APC=- 7.624, t= -21.253, P<0.001). The CMR for males was 4.75/100000 and the SMR for males was 2.65/100000; the CMR for females was 3.04/100000 and the SMR for females was 1.32/100000, with a higher mortality rate for males than for females（Z_CME=12.094，P<0.001; Z_SMR=-14.718，P<0.001). Deaths were concentrated in the age groups of 45-64 years old and 65 years old and above, accounting for 91.62% of the total deaths. The PYLL of deaths due to viral hepatitis among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023 was 26912 person-years, with a PYLLR of 0.45% and an AYLL of 8.88 years per person. Conclusion The mortality rate of viral hepatitis among the residents of Pudong New Area in 2003-2023 shows a decreasing trend over time. The mortality rate of males is higher than that of females, and the deaths of middle-aged and elderly people account for a large proportion of the total deaths. Chronic hepatitis B is the main cause of death.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global health threat. This review systematically examines AMR surveillance technology advances, from conventional culture methods to modern molecular diagnostics (e.g., whole-genome sequencing) and artificial intelligence-assisted approaches. It focuses on the current application of mass spectrometry, machine learning predictive models, and real-time surveillance networks. To address challenges including inadequate technical standardization, clinical translation barriers, and data-sharing limitations, we propose integrated ^"genotype-phenotype^" strategies and global standardization framework, while exploring future applications of CRISPR-based portable detection, single-cell sequencing, and blockchain technologies.

ObjectiveThis study aims to enhance of the farnesyl pyrophosphate（FPP） pool in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by heterologously expressing different farnesyl diphosphate synthases（FPSs） from various plants， thereby increasing the production of terpenoid compounds by the engineered yeast. MethodsRNA from mixed samples of roots， stems， and leaves of seven plants including Arabidopsis thaliana， Rosa rugosa， Artemisia annua， Centella asiatica， Humulus lupulus， Medicago sativa， and Panax ginseng was extracted by column chromatography and reverse transcribed into the first strand of complementary DNA（cDNA）， and based on the transcriptome data of the seven species of plants， sequence-specific primers were designed for CaFPS， RrFPS， MsFPS， HiFPS， PgFPS， AtFPS， and AaFPS， the full-length of the genes was cloned， and the genes were analyzed for bioinformatics in order to construct a pESC yeast shuttle vector. These seven plant-derived FPSs were further heterologously expressed in the previous constructed β-elemene-producing yeast， and the yield of β-elemene was indicated for their catalytic acivities. ResultsThe coding sequences of CaFPS， RrFPS， MsFPS， HiFPS， PgFPS， AtFPS， and AaFPS were all of 1 021 bp in length and encoding 301 amino acids， all of which were similarly related to the endogenous FPS-encoding gene（ERG20） in S. cerevisiae. After heterologous expression， RrFPS was identified as the most effective in catalyzing the synthesis of FPP from isopentenyl pyrophosphate（IPP） and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate（DMAPP）. Compared to the control strains， the RrFPS overexpressed yeast strains YB-1-Rr and YB-3-Rr increased the production of β-elemene by 231.25% and 189.3%， respectively. ConclusionBy comparing the functions of FPS-encoding genes from seven different plant sources， it is determined that the protein encoded by the RrFPS from R. rugosa has the best catalytic ability， which can provide key genetic elements for the construction of engineered yeast strain constructs with high terpenoid production.

Objective To investigate and analyze the risk factors of cardiovascular events by low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods A total of 430 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) in the hospital were included from June 2021 to June 2024 for retrospective analysis. According to whether acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred, the enrolled patients were divided into stable group (n=257) and deteriorating group (n=173). The general data were compared between groups, and the risk factors affecting AMI in SAP patients were analyzed. The predictive value of the above risk factors on predicting AMI in SAP patients was analyzed. Results Compared with the stable group, the levels of LDL-C, TG, LP-a and Hcy in the deteriorating group were higher (t=4.033, P<0.001; t=4.104, P<0.001; t=6.342, P<0.001; t=4.883, P<0.001) while the HDL-C level was lower (t=5.129, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the elevated levels of LDL-C, TG, LP-a and Hcy were the risk factors of AMI in SAP patients (P<0.05), and the elevated level of HDL-C was a protective factor (P<0.05). In the ROC curve, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of combination of LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, LP-a and Hcy in predicting AMI in SAP patients were 0.777, 63.01% and 81.71%. Conclusion LDL-C is a risk factor of AMI in SAP patients. Combination of HDL-C, TG, LP-a and Hcy has certain value on predicting AMI in SAP patients.

Objective To discuss the application of ultrasound multimodal diagnostic mode combined with ultrasonic precision interventional technology in differentiating the benign from malignant solid breast masses.Methods A total of 396 patients who underwent breast surgery at the Wuwei Cancer Hospital of China from May 2021 to July 2023 were enrolled in this study.Within 2 weeks before surgery,multimodal ultrasound examination(including two-dimensional ultrasound,color Doppler ultrasound,elastic ultrasound,breast three-dimensional ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound)and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy were performed in all patients.The consistency between the results of multimodal ultrasound examination,ultrasound-guided needle biopsy,combination diagnosis and the postoperative pathological diagnoses was analyzed.Results Of the 396 patients with solid breast mass,malignant lesion was seen in 237(59.85％)and benign lesion was seen in 159(40.15％).The sensitivity of multimodal ultrasound in diagnosing benign and malignant solid breast masses was 77.64％(184/237),the specificity was 90.57％(144/159),the positive predictive value was 92.46％(184/199),the negative predictive value was 73.10％(144/197),the accuracy was 82.83％(328/396),and the consistency with the postoperative pathological diagnosis was 0.656.The sensitivity of ultrasound-guided needle puncture in diagnosing benign and malignant solid breast masses was 94.51％(224/237),the specificity was 100.00％(159/159),the positive predictive value was 100.00％(224/224),the negative predictive value was 92.44％(159/172),the accuracy was 96.72％(383/396),and the consistency with the postoperative pathological diagnosis was 0.933.The sensitivity of multimodal ultrasound combined with ultrasound-guided needle puncture in diagnosing benign and malignant solid breast masses was 100.00％(228/228),the specificity was 94.64％(159/168),the positive predictive value was 96.20％(228/237),the negative predictive value was 100.00％(159/159),the accuracy was 97.73％(387/396),and the consistency with the postoperative pathological diagnosis was 0.937.Conclusion The ultrasound multimodal diagnostic mode and ultrasonic precision interventional technology can be used in differentiating the benign from malignant solid breast masses with high diagnostic accuracy.

Microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation is involved in neurodevelopment and injury. However, its regulatory function in microglial pyroptosis and involvement in SAE remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that OGT deficiency augmented microglial pyroptosis and exacerbated secondary neuronal injury. Furthermore, OGT inhibition impaired cognitive function in healthy mice and accelerated the progression in SAE mice. Mechanistically, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of ATF2 at Ser44 inhibited its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thereby amplifying NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoting inflammatory cytokine production in microglia in response to LPS/Nigericin stimulation. In conclusion, this study uncovers the critical role of OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation in modulating microglial activity through the regulation of ATF2 and thus protects against SAE progression.
Animals ; Microglia/metabolism* ; Pyroptosis/physiology* ; Mice ; Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy/prevention & control* ; Activating Transcription Factor 2/metabolism* ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Mice, Knockout

Objective To explore the clinical effect of using the Brisson technique combined with a precise measurement scheme in the treatment of hidden penis.Methods The clinical data of 120 children with hidden penis treated in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The enrolled children were randomly divided into the study group(n=60)and the control group(n=60).The study group was treated with the Brisson technique combined with a precise measurement scheme,and the cutting of the penile skin was designed according to the data.The control group was treated with the traditional Devine technique.The surgical effects,penile lengths before and after surgery,and the incidence of postoperative complications of the children in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The effective rate of the study group reached 100％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(93％,P＜0.05).Six months after surgery,the penile length of the children in the study group was longer than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidence of surgical complications in the study group was 5％,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(17％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Using the Brisson technique combined with a precise measurement scheme to treat hidden penis has a good effect,a high effective rate,and a low incidence of complications.

AIM:Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are a specialized subset of CD4+T cells primarily involved in im-munosuppressive functions.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a metabolic sensor that governs the differen-tiation,maturation,and immune functions of Tregs through metabolic reprogramming.However,the impact of AMPKα1(the catalytic subunit of AMPK)knockout specifically in Tregs on the host's immune microenvironment remains largely un-explored.METHODS:Histological changes in immune organs were assessed using HE staining.The types of immune cells and their relative population percentages in immune organs and blood were quantified through flow cytometry in both AMPKα1flox/flox(AMPKα1fl/fl)mice and Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout mice(AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice).RESULTS:Compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice,the percentage of eosinophils in the bone marrow of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice was significant-ly reduced.Additionally,while the thymus of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice exhibited normal structure,both its size and the ra-tio of thymus weight to body weight were significantly decreased.The knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs led to a notable reduc-tion in the total percentage of immature double-negative(DN)cells.Consequently,the percentage of CD4+T cells derived from these DN cells also decreased,even though the percentages of DN1 and DN4 cells were higher in the thymus of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice.Importantly,the proportion of Siglec-F+CD11b+eosinophils in the thymus was significantly lower in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice.Knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of CD4+T cells in peripheral blood,alongside a decrease in the proportion of mature CD8+T cells.Similar-ly,the proportion of CD4+T cells in the spleen of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice was elevated compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice.In contrast,the proportion of neutrophils significantly decreased,while mononuclear cell proportions increased in the spleen of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice.In lymph nodes,the medullary boundaries in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice were blurred,and the lymphoid follicles were missing,a feature not observed in AMPKα1fl/fl mice.Furthermore,the knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs reduced the CD3+T cell population,particularly the CD8+T cell population,in lymph nodes.Although the mature Treg cell population was significantly lower in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice,the percentage of CD4+T cells was markedly in-creased.In contrast,there was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte populations between AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre and AMPKα1fl/fl mice.CONCLUSION:The populations of mature Tregs,CD8+T cells and eosinophils in various im-mune organs were significantly altered in mice with Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout,suggesting a potential remodeling of the host immune microenvironment in response to inflammatory stimuli.