Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: In September and October 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 139 102 students from 539 schools across 12 leagues/cities and 103 banners/counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Participants who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor at least once within one year and had a body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m 2 were considered to have comorbid conditions. Results: The coprevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia was 6.4% (8 931 cases). Lasso-Logistic regression revealed that nonboarding status, higher maternal education, consuming high protein foods ≥1 time daily, occasionally or never eating breakfast, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥60 minutes on fewer than half of holidays, and having been exposed to second hand smoke in person within the past seven days were associated with higher odds ratios for co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity( OR = 1.23 , 1.22-1.63, 1.20, 1.19, 1.38, 1.35); being female, higher grade level, residence in flag/county/district areas, non only child status, never having consumed a full glass of alcohol, non hypertensive status, and households without pets were associated with lower co-prevalence risks ( OR =0.65, 0.67-0.77, 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.41, 0.68) (all P <0.05). The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.64 for the predictive model, demonstrating satisfactory discriminatory ability. The calibration curve showed consistency between predicted and actual occurrence probabilities. Conclusions The co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia is closely associated with demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours, and lifestyle habits. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize these factors to implement targeted interventions.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review concerning the safety of using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists （GLP-1RA） before gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS Chinese and English databases including CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， CBM， and PubMed were searched to collect systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the safety of using GLP-1RA before gastrointestinal endoscopy， with a search period from the inception to September 30， 2025. Report quality， methodological quality， risk of bias， and evidence quality were assessed using the PRISMA 2020 statement， AMSTAR 2 scale， ROBIS tool， and GRADE tool， respectively. Corrected covered area （CCA） was used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of outcome overlap， and a comprehensive quality analysis was performed on the quantitative results of systematic reviews/meta-analyses. RESULTS Ten studies were included. All 10 stu dies had some information deficiencies （15.5-19.5 points）， and were at high risk of bias； 9 studies were extremely low methodological quality， while 1 study was low. In terms of evidence quality， among 88 outcome indexes， there was 1 moderate-level index， 28 low-level indexes， and 59 extremely low-level indexes. The CCA values of the incidence of residual gastric contents， aspiration， endoscopy interruption， repeated endoscopy， inadequate bowel preparation and Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores were 37.30%， 35.00%， 35.00%， 50.00%， 29.60% and 20.00%， respectively. Results of comprehensive quality analysis showed that compared with the control group， the incidence of residual gastric contents， endoscopy interruption and repeated endoscopy were increased significantly in the intervention group， along with a notably prolonged gastric emptying time and a significantly lower score of Boston Bowel Preparation Scale （ P ＜0.05）. However， the study results regarding the effects of GLP-1RA on the incidence of aspiration and inadequate bowel preparation were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS The use of GLP-1RA before gastrointestinal endoscopy can increase certain safety risks， including residual gastric contents， endoscopy interruption and repeated endoscopy， prolong gastric emptying time， and reduce the quality of bowel preparation. However， the effects on aspiration and inadequate bowel preparation remain controversial. The reports included in systematic reviews/meta-analyses exhibited low quality in reporting， methodology and evidence， with high risk of bias. Therefore， conclusions should be interpreted with caution.

Objective To investigate the potential profile of self-management behavior in patients with sudden deafness,the characteristics and influencing factors of different categories of patients,and provide reference for clin-ical management.Methods A total of 205 patients with sudden deafness who were hospitalized in the Department of Otology of a Grade 3 hospital in Beijing were selected by convenience sampling method from August 2023 to June 2024.Date were collected using the general situation questionnaire,self-management status assessment scale for sudden deafness patient and social support rating scale.Mplus 8.0 was used for potential profile analysis,and SPSS 26.0 was used for single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 200 valid ques-tionnaires were collected.Patients were divided into 3 categories according to their self-management level,which were respectively named as"high management—good self-efficacy group"(n=52,26.00％),"moderate manage-ment—symptoms of special concern group"(n=101,50.50％),and"low management-lack of information acquisi-tion group"(n=47,23.50％).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that education level,sleep disorder and social support level were the influencing factors of different self-management categories in patients with sudden deaf-ness.Conclusion The overall self-management ability of patients with sudden deafness is at a moderate level and with significant heterogeneity.Education level,sleep disorders,and social support serve as stratification criteria for categorizing different patient groups and formulating corresponding intervention strategies.Priority should be given to providing information support to the"low-management group with information deficiency",implementing targe-ted interventions for the"moderate-management group with symptom focus",and fully leveraging the self-efficacy of the"high-management group with good self-efficacy"to regulate their self-management level.

Objective To develop a risk management system for complications associated with peripheral venous indwelling needles and to evaluate its application effect in order to reduce the risk of related complications.Methods We designed a comprehensive risk management system for peripheral intravenous indwelling needle complications,integrating specialized evidence-based guidelines with clinical practice insights,including 5 modules:intelligent assessment and decision support,intelligent inspection reminders,educational modules,collaborative case management procedures,and a knowledge base.Patients admitted to the neurology and internal classification metabolism departments of a tertiary hospital in Jilin Province were conveniently selected as the research subjects.Patients were assigned to a control group(from May to July 2022,before the implementation of the system)and an experimental group(from September to December 2022,after the implementation of the system).The incidence of complications,duration of indwelling needle,compliance rate of core indicators for nursing quality and number of nursing consultations were compared between the groups.Additionally,a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess clinical nurses'evaluations of the system.Results A total of 189 patients were included in the experimental group and 177 patients in the control group.The incidence of complications associated with peripheral intravenous indwelling needles was lower than that in the control group.The duration of indwelling peripheral intravenous needles was longer than that in the control group.The quality compliance rate of peripheral venous indwelling needle care in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the number of consultation cases in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group.Comparisons between the 2 groups showed statistically significant differences for all indicators(P＜0.05).The nurses'recognition rates for the system's user-friendliness,professional guidance,and patient benefit were 77.78％,81.74％,and 82.13％,respectively.Conclusion The application of a peripheral vein indwelling needle complication risk management system can reduce the incidence of complications,prolong the duration of indwelling,and improve nursing quality.Nurses have a high recognition of this system.

Objective To explore the differences and similarities in the changes of pulp repair response after direct pulp capping with iRoot BP Plus and MTA.Methods A total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely iRoot BP Plus group,MTA group and blank control group.Dental pulp exposure and direct pulp capping was performed on both sides of maxillary first molars of each rat.Four rats were randomly selected and sacrificed from each group at 7,14,and 28 days postoperatively,and the specimens were taken for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and then each index was observed.Results ①From the perspective of dentin tubular formation quality,at 14 d and 28 d,there were statistical differences between iRoot BP Plus group and MTA group(P＜0.05),and iRoot BP Plus was significantly better than MTA in terms of quality of restorative dentin formation.②At 14 days after operation,iRoot BP Plus had a greater area of neodontinin than that in MTA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both iRoot BP Plus and MTA can promote the formation of restorative dentin bridges after direct pulp capping,and the formation quality is high.The long-term effects need to be further studied.

Objective Human facial morphology is an appearance phenotype with high heritability,high diversity,and complexity.Traditional facial morphological genetic analysis is mostly based on facial landmark measurements,using linear regression for genome-wide association studies,but this method extracts limited facial morphological feature information.This study established an extraction method for multidimensional facial representations and validated the correlation between 473 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)previously reported to be significantly associated with facial features and facial representations in the Han Chinese population.Methods After acquiring facial 3D images,3D morphable face models and HR-net network were used to align and quantify the 3D images,obtaining high-density 3D facial point cloud data.After unsupervised clustering of the point cloud,principal component analysis was applied to reduce dimensionality and extract multidimensional morphological phenotypes for each facial region.Based on these multidimensional phenotypes,partial least squares regression(PLSR)and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were used for genetic association analysis.Results A total of 10 SNPs were validated to be significantly associated with facial morphology in Han Chinese,of which 7 SNPs were validated by the PLSR method,2 SNPs were validated by the CCA method,and 1 SNP was validated by both methods.Conclusion Among the 10 significantly associated SNP sites,9 related facial morphological regions were consistent with previous reports in other populations,indicating that genes affecting complex facial morphology have cross-population effects.

Objective To explore the differences and similarities in the changes of pulp repair response after direct pulp capping with iRoot BP Plus and MTA.Methods A total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely iRoot BP Plus group,MTA group and blank control group.Dental pulp exposure and direct pulp capping was performed on both sides of maxillary first molars of each rat.Four rats were randomly selected and sacrificed from each group at 7,14,and 28 days postoperatively,and the specimens were taken for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and then each index was observed.Results ①From the perspective of dentin tubular formation quality,at 14 d and 28 d,there were statistical differences between iRoot BP Plus group and MTA group(P＜0.05),and iRoot BP Plus was significantly better than MTA in terms of quality of restorative dentin formation.②At 14 days after operation,iRoot BP Plus had a greater area of neodontinin than that in MTA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both iRoot BP Plus and MTA can promote the formation of restorative dentin bridges after direct pulp capping,and the formation quality is high.The long-term effects need to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the association of spleen volume with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)as well as their causal relationship.Methods We included 90 NAFLD cases and 47 healthy controls who had received contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)scan of the abdomen at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from November 2022 to November 2023.We conducted three-dimensional reconstruction of the spleen through a deep learning network model using a two-stage coarse-to-fine segmentation approach.We compared the two groups using the two-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data and using the chi-square test for categorical data;evaluated the correlation between spleen volume and liver function indicators through Pearson correlation or Spearman rank correlation analyses;determined the factors influencing the development of NAFLD through multivariable Logistic regression analysis;and further assessed the casual relationship between spleen volume and NAFLD using the inverse variance-weighted two-sample Mendelian randomization(IVW-MR)method.Results Spleen volume was significantly larger in NAFLD cases than in controls(272.93±104.16 vs 204.37±81.20 cm3,P<0.001).The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that spleen volume was positively correlated with the hepatic steatosis index(rs=0.422,P<0.001)and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels(rs=0.211,P=0.047)in patients with NAFLD.The multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that spleen volume was an independent risk factor for the development of NAFLD(odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.00-1.02,P=0.049).The IVW-MR analysis detected a causal relationship between spleen volume and NAFLD(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.05-1.28,P=0.005).Conclusion Increased spleen volume may be a risk factor for the development and progression of NAFLD.Further studies are still needed to investigate the specific mechanism.

Objective To investigate the association of spleen volume with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)as well as their causal relationship.Methods We included 90 NAFLD cases and 47 healthy controls who had received contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)scan of the abdomen at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from November 2022 to November 2023.We conducted three-dimensional reconstruction of the spleen through a deep learning network model using a two-stage coarse-to-fine segmentation approach.We compared the two groups using the two-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data and using the chi-square test for categorical data;evaluated the correlation between spleen volume and liver function indicators through Pearson correlation or Spearman rank correlation analyses;determined the factors influencing the development of NAFLD through multivariable Logistic regression analysis;and further assessed the casual relationship between spleen volume and NAFLD using the inverse variance-weighted two-sample Mendelian randomization(IVW-MR)method.Results Spleen volume was significantly larger in NAFLD cases than in controls(272.93±104.16 vs 204.37±81.20 cm3,P<0.001).The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that spleen volume was positively correlated with the hepatic steatosis index(rs=0.422,P<0.001)and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels(rs=0.211,P=0.047)in patients with NAFLD.The multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that spleen volume was an independent risk factor for the development of NAFLD(odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.00-1.02,P=0.049).The IVW-MR analysis detected a causal relationship between spleen volume and NAFLD(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.05-1.28,P=0.005).Conclusion Increased spleen volume may be a risk factor for the development and progression of NAFLD.Further studies are still needed to investigate the specific mechanism.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of using the Brisson technique combined with a precise measurement scheme in the treatment of hidden penis.Methods The clinical data of 120 children with hidden penis treated in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The enrolled children were randomly divided into the study group(n=60)and the control group(n=60).The study group was treated with the Brisson technique combined with a precise measurement scheme,and the cutting of the penile skin was designed according to the data.The control group was treated with the traditional Devine technique.The surgical effects,penile lengths before and after surgery,and the incidence of postoperative complications of the children in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The effective rate of the study group reached 100％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(93％,P＜0.05).Six months after surgery,the penile length of the children in the study group was longer than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidence of surgical complications in the study group was 5％,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(17％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Using the Brisson technique combined with a precise measurement scheme to treat hidden penis has a good effect,a high effective rate,and a low incidence of complications.