Objective:To comprehensively search the relevant literature on prone position-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (PP-CPR) in adults at home and abroad, analyze the content, summarize the evidence, and provide reference for clinical health care professionals.Methods:Systematic search of CNKI, China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), Wanfang Data, VIP database, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochran Library, Web of Science, Scopus literature database and other Chinese and English databases was conducted. The search period was from inception to June 15 in 2024. The contents of PP-CPR from randomized controlled trial (RCT), non-RCT (prospective or retrospective), cohort studies and case reports were extracted and systematically analyzed. The search results were standardized by the method of scoping review.Results:A total of 523 articles were obtained through preliminary search, and 14 references and gray literature were retrieved, totaling 537 articles. After strict screening by two researchers, a total of 26 literatures were included, 3 were non-RCT and 23 were case reports, involving 12 countries, including 3 in Chinese, 19 in English, 2 in French, 1 in German, and 1 in Korean. Three non-RCT demonstrated that compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), PP-CPR could produce higher pressure, and provide good respiratory and circulatory support. A total of 25 adult patients were included in the 23 case reports, of which 17 reported total recovery time and 13 reported PP-CPR time ≤ 5 minutes, all of which recovered spontaneous circulation, indicating the effectiveness of PP-CPR technology. In terms of final outcome, 4 patients (16.0%) died and 21 patients (84.0%) survived, indicating that PP-CPR technology could provide timely blood circulation and improve clinical outcomes for prone cardiac arrest patients. Among the 11 patients who reported complications after resuscitation, no neurological damage was found in the short-term outcomes, indicating that PP-CPR technology had a certain level of safety.Conclusions:PP-CPR can provide timely blood circulation for patients with cardiac arrest who are unable to lie supine quickly, and win "golden time" for defibrillation and further treatment. In clinical practice, medical staff need to evaluate the emergency environment, the number of rescuers and the specific condition of the patient, and implement first aid as soon as possible, so as to reduce the time of no blood flow in the vital organs of patients with cardiac arrest in prone position, and improve the clinical prognosis.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of delay discounting and non-systematic response data in intertemporal choice of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and to explore the best data processing strategy for delay discounting task.Methods:Totally 108 adults with ADHD meeting the diagnostic cri-teria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorder,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)and 87 gender matched normal controls were enrolled.ADHD symptoms were assessed using the ADHD Symptom Rating Scale,the delay discounting task was used to measure the delay discounting rate,and a model-free algorithm was used to i-dentify non-systematic response data.Results:There was no significant difference in the proportion of non-systemat-ic response data between ADHD group and normal control group(P＞0.05).In the data sets using different data screening strategies,the delay discounting rates were higher in the ADHD group than in the normal control group(Ps＜0.05).The delay discounting rates were positively correlated with the hyperactive impulse scores(r=0.24,P=0.001),the inattention scores(r=0.20,P＜0.01)and the total scores of ADHD symptom Rating Scale(r=0.22,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Adults with ADHD prefer to obtain immediate small rewards in intertemporal choice.The immediate preference of intertemporal choice may be mainly related to hyperactive impulsive symp-toms.Exclusion strategy of non-systematic response data may be more applicable to delay discount task research.

BACKGROUND:Diabetic nephropathy is an important cause of end-stage renal disease,and intestinal barrier damage plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on the intestinal barrier in rats with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS:Thirty 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly assigned to healthy control group,model group and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell group,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell group were injected with 1×106 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through the tail vein once a week for 4 weeks after the model establishment of diabetic nephropathy.Rats in the healthy control group and the model group were injected with an equal volume of PBS at the same time.1 week after the last injection,the histomorphological changes in the kidney and colon were observed under a light microscope.The expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin in the colon tissue of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry.Serum D-lactic acid and lipopolysaccharide levels were detected by ELISA.In addition,the distribution of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells labeled with DiR dye in rats was observed by in vivo imaging system.The expression of human mesenchymal stem cell surface marker antigens CD44 and CD90 in colon tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the model group,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation significantly inhibited the increase of urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,24-hour urine protein level and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in diabetic nephropathy rats(all P<0.05).(2)The expression of human mesenchymal stem cell surface markers CD44 and CD90 was found in the colon of diabetic nephropathy rats.(3)Compared with the healthy control group,the expression levels of tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 in the colon tissue of the model group were significantly reduced,while the expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 were significantly increased after treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.(4)Compared with the model group,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation significantly reduced serum D-lactic acid and lipopolysaccharide levels in diabetic nephropathy rats.(5)The results suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells may protect the intestinal barrier function by enhancing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins in diabetic nephropathy rats.

Objective:To explore the effect of out-of-hospital nursing based on gratitude extension-construction theory on self-management efficacy of young and middle-aged patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) .Methods:A total of 136 young and middle-aged patients who underwent PCI in Coronary Heart Disease Ward of Department of Cardiology in Henan Provincial People's Hospital were selected as the research objects by the convenient sampling method. The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group by the envelop method, with 68 patients in each group. The control group received routine out-of-hospital nursing, while the observation group received out-of-hospital nursing based on gratitude extension-construction theory. Self-management efficacy was compared before and after intervention between the two groups.Results:After intervention, the scores for self psychological management, self-management confidence, self-management behavior, self-management cognition and self-management information in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Out-of-hospital nursing based on gratitude extension-construction theory can significantly improve self-management efficacy of young and middle-aged patients undergoing PCI.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism underlying miR-9500 regulating the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting SMAD2. Methods The core target genes of miR-9500 were screened out by bioinformatics analysis, and their GO function analysis, KEGG signaling pathway enrichment, and survival analysis were performed. The targeted binding sites between miR-9500 and SMAD2 were predicted, and the direct targeting relationship between miR-9500 and SMAD2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to assess the effect of miR-9500 on the mRNA and protein expression levels of SMAD2. Wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and Matrigel invasion assay were used to determine the effect of miR-9500 on the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Results The core target genes of miR-9500 were mainly enriched in the cancer pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. However, only the expression levels of VAMP2, SMAD2, and RXRA among the top 10 core target genes were significantly correlated with the overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. miR-9500 targeted SMAD2 and down-regulated the expression levels of SMAD2, and overexpression of miR-9500 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and markedly decreased the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9. Conclusion miR-9500 can inhibit the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting SMAD2, which may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and development of lung adenocarcinoma as a tumor suppressor.

Objective:To summarize the echocardiographic features and outcomes in fetuses with congenital ventricular outpouching (CVO).Methods:This retrospective study enrolled ten fetuses diagnosed with CVO by fetal echocardiography in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from January 2015 to April 2022. Clinical data were analyzed, including echocardiographic features, other intracardiac and extracardiac malformations, karyotypes, and pregnancy outcomes. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results:All ten cases were single, including eight ventricular diverticula and two ventricular aneurysms. Five cases had the anomaly in the left ventricular and the other five in the right. Five cases were isolated malformations, and the other five were complicated by other intra- or extracardiac malformations. A pathogenic copy number variation was detected in one case. Three pregnancies were terminated, and one was lost to follow-up. The other six fetuses were born alive and showed no obvious clinical symptoms or abnormalities in growth and development during 3-70 months of follow-up. The right ventricular diverticulum spontaneously disappeared in one case. One case with the right ventricular aneurysm was also diagnosed with noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium by echocardiography at six months.Conclusions:Fetal CVO presents with typical echocardiographic features and can be diagnosed prenatally. Regular follow-up during pregnancy is recommended to observe the sizes of outpouchings and the occurrence of complications in fetuses with CVO after excluding other structural and chromosomal abnormalities to avoid unnecessary termination. Attention should also be paid to postnatal follow-up.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in AIDS patients complicated with Pneumocystis jirovecii ( P. jirovecii) infection. Methods:This is a retrospective study. From January 2019 to June 2021, the respiratory tract and other body fluid samples of 236 cases of AIDS co-infected patients diagnosed in the AIDS Department of Changsha First Hospital were collected, along with corresponding medical histories. Traditional etiological hexamine silver staining and serum 1,3-β-D glucan (BDG) were performed simultaneously with mNGS detection, and Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze the results and compare the diagnostic performances of mNGS with those of hexamine silver staining and serum G test.Results:A total of 236 cases of AIDS patients with pulmonary infection were collected and tested. Seventy-seven cases were clinically diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and 159 cases with non- Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Among the 236 AIDS patients with pulmonary infection, mNGS detected 77 [32.63%(77/236)] positive cases of Pneumocystis jiroveci, while hexamine silver staining detected 10[4.24%(10/236)] and serum BDG detected 146 [61.86% (146/236). Based on these clinical diagnostic results, the sensitivity of mNGS detection was 100% (77/77) for the 77 patients with Pneumocystis pneumoniae, significantly higher than that of silver hexamine staining [12.99% (10/77), P=0.046] and serum BDG [58.44% (45/77), P=0.038]. The mNGS showed good specificity, which was the same as that of hexamine silver staining [100% (159/159)] and significantly higher than that of serum BDG [36.48% (58/159), P=0.026]. With therapeutic clinical diagnosis as the reference method, the accuracy of mNGS detection was 100% (236/236). Conclusions:This study evaluated the diagnostic value of mNGS detection in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii infection. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of mNGS detection were high, and it had exceptional clinical application value in the pathogenic detection of infectious diseases.

AIM:This study aims to investigate the histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in the lung tissues of rats induced by a single intratracheal administration of bleomycin,with the objective of establishing a reliable model for future applications.METHODS:Six to eight-week-old SD rats were randomly allocated into two groups:the control group and the model group(n=12).Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in the rat models by a single intratracheal in-stillation of bleomycin(3 mg/kg),while an equivalent volume of saline was administered to the control group.The rats were executed on the 42nd day.Twelve rats remained in the control group,while nine rats remained in the model group.Lung tissue imaging was conducted using CT scans.Lung function tests were performed to assess changes in forced vital capacity(FVC)and dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn).Lung stiffness was determined through Young's modulus testing using a rheometer.The pathological structure of lung tissues was examined using both HE and Masson staining methods.Additionally,transmission electron microscopy was employed to evaluate collagen deposition in lung tissues,alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells,macrophages,and ultrastructural changes of the respiratory membrane.RESULTS:CT scans revealed honeycomb patterns in the lungs of model rats,along with partial bronchiectasis/bronchiectasis.In comparison to the con-trol group,the model group exhibited significantly lower FVC and Cdyn values,while lung stiffness were increased.HE and Masson staining demonstrated that rats in the model group exhibited alveolar structure destruction,alveolar septum thickening,inflammatory cell infiltration,and collagen deposition in alveolar septum.Transmission electron microscopy revealed several abnormalities in the model group:increased collagen fibers in the alveolar septa,misalignment of micro-villi in alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells,wrinkled nuclei with increased heterochromatin,swollen cytoplasmic mitochon-dria,fractured or haphazardly structured mitochondrion cristaes,and a significant decrease in their number(P＜0.05).Furthermore,lamellar bodies were vacuolated and reduced in number(P＜0.05),and dilated endoplasmic reticulums with degranulation were observed.There was an increase in alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages(P＜0.01).The respiratory membrane displayed structural disruptions and an increase in thickness(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Bleomycin induces decreased lung compliance,alveolar epithelial injury,alveolar septum thickening,collagen deposi-tion,and an increase in interstitial macrophages,ultimately resulting in pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Objective:To study the structure and diversity of intestinal flora in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients, and to explore the correlation of intestinal microorganisms with clinical indicators and renal pathology.Methods:Fifteen IgAN patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from May 2020 to September 2020 were retrospectively enrolled as IgAN group, and 8 healthy families and 7 health checkups were enrolled as healthy control group. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was performed for DNA sequencing in the 16S rDNA-V4 region of all bacteria in the feces sample. QIIME 2 was used to process and analyze original sequence, compared with Greengenes (V138) database. The DADA2 software was called to denoise the data, which was equivalent to a 100% similarity cluster (OTU was a 97% similarity cluster). PCoA was used to analyze the structure and diversity of intestinal flora. Spearman correlation or Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of differential flora with renal pathology and clinical indicators.Results:(1) The intestinal microbial β diversity in IgAN patients was significantly different from that in healthy controls ( P=0.010). (2) Compared with the healthy control group, the numbers of intestinal flora species in IgAN group were significantly increased in 1 phylum, 3 families and 22 genus. At the levels from phylum to family, the species numbers of Firmicutes and Ruminococcaceae in IgAN patients reduced than those in healthy controls and the species numbers of Chloroflexi, Gaiellaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Family-XⅢ in IgAN patients increased than those in healthy controls (all P<0.05). At the genus level, compared with the healthy controls, the species number of Subdoligranulum in IgAN patients was significantly reduced ( P=0.020), and the species number of Ruminococcus- gnavus- group was significantly increased ( P=0.004). (3) At the phylum level of the species number, Firmicutes in IgAN patients was positively correlated to albumin (ALB) ( r=0.637, P=0.037) and IgG ( r=0.452, P=0.046), Gemmatimonadetes was negatively correlated to serum creatinine ( r=-0.453, P=0.045), Verrucomicrobia was negatively correlated to IgM ( r=-0.450, P=0.046), and Patescibacteria was positively correlated to IgA ( r=0.469, P=0.037). At the genus level of the species number, Ruminococcus- gnavus- group ( r=-0.614, P=0.004) and Megamonas ( r=-0.451, P=0.042) were negatively correlated to ALB; Subdoligranulum was positively correlated to ALB ( r=0.563, P=0.009); Dialister was negatively correlated to C3 ( r=-0.427, P=0.041) and was positively correlated to IgA ( r=0.434, P=0.035); Veillonella was positively correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate ( r=0.452, P=0.043). The species numbers of Eisenbergiella ( r=-0.850, P=0.007), Holdemania ( r=-0.845, P=0.008), Flavonifractor ( r=-0.845, P=0.008), and Ruminiclostridium- 9 ( r=-0.845, P=0.008) were negatively correlated to glomerulosclerosis or adhesion (S) of Oxford classification; the species number of Fusicatenibacter was negatively correlated to mesangial hypercellularity ( r=-0.845, P=0.008); the number of Coprococcus- 2 was positively correlated to S ( r=0.738, P=0.037) and tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis ( r=0.756, P=0.030). (4) Random forest model was built with Ruminococcus- gnavus- group and Subdoligranulum, after fitting the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.927. Conclusions:The intestinal flora of IgAN patients is different from that in healthy subjects. Changes of intestinal flora in IgAN patients are related to clinical indicators and renal pathology. In particular, Ruminococcus- gnavus- group and Subdoligranulum may play an important role in IgAN.

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the expression patterns of melanoma lineage antigens and nuclear antigen Ki-67 and their correlations with survival in melanoma patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the pathological data of melanoma patients treated at the Department of Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital from February 2008 to August 2020, mainly including the expression patterns of melanoma lineage antigens (S-100, HMB-45, Melan-A) and Ki-67, demographics, clinical features and survival. The correlation between expression patterns of melanoma lineage antigens, Ki-67 and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) was analyzed. Results: In total, 603 patients were included in this study. The median follow-up time was 47.4 months. The positive rates of S-100, HMB, and Melan-A were 92.8%, 92.1% and 90.0%, respectively. The percentages of patients with melanoma lineage antigen scores (S-100, HMB-45 and Melan-A was scored each, as 1 when positive and 0 when negative) of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 0.5%, 5.0%, 15.6%, and 78.8%, respectively. The percentages of patients with Ki-67 scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 43.0%, 36.3%, 16.3%, and 4.5%, respectively. Ki-67 was highly expressed in mucosal and progressive melanomas. In a multivariate analysis, Ki-67 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poorer MSS (HR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.248-1.818, P<0.001) as the incidence of MSS event increased by 50% per 25% increase in Ki-67 expression, whereas there was no statistical correlation between melanoma lineage antigen expression and MSS (HR=0.991, 95%CI: 0.759-1.293, P=0.94). Conclusion: High expressions melanoma lineage antigens are ubiquitous in melanoma tissues, and Ki-67 is an independent prognostic factor for MSS.