Objective To investigate the regulation of synaptic plasticity by cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R)and its effects on autism spectrum disorder(ASD)-like behavior.Methods CB1R-knockout(KO)mice and valproic acid(VPA)-induced ASD model mice(VPA mice)were used as study subjects.Behavioral experiments were used to assess the effects of CB1R on ASD-like behavior in mice,neuronal structural integrity and dendritic density were detected by microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2)staining experiments,and the expression of synapse-associated proteins was detected by Western blot,to assess the effects of CB1R on synaptic plasticity.Results Behavioral result showed that VPA mice demonstrated significant ASD-like behavior,while CB1R-/-mice spent a significantly smaller proportion of residence time in the central region of the open field(P＜0.0001),showed significant increases in the number of marbles buried and self-grooming time(P＜0.01),significantly less time spent socializing with unfamiliar mice 2 and exploring unfamiliar objects(P＜0.001),and significantly more time exploring old objects(P＜0.05).The relative dwelling time was significantly reduced in CB1R+/-mice(P＜0.001),and the number of marbles buried and self-grooming time were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Synaptic plasticity assays revealed significant synaptic plasticity impairment in VPA mice.Hippocampal MAP2-positive neuron densities were significantly reduced in CB1R-/-and CB1R+/-mice,and expression levels of synapsin-1 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusions CB1R KO leads to ASD-like behavior such as anxiety and repetitive stereotyped behavior,social and cognitive impairments,as well as neuronal damage,dendritic dysplasia and disrupted synaptic protein expression in mice,suggesting that CB1R is involved in regulating synaptic plasticity as a pathological mechanism for the development of ASD-like behavior.

Objective To investigate the regulation of synaptic plasticity by cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R)and its effects on autism spectrum disorder(ASD)-like behavior.Methods CB1R-knockout(KO)mice and valproic acid(VPA)-induced ASD model mice(VPA mice)were used as study subjects.Behavioral experiments were used to assess the effects of CB1R on ASD-like behavior in mice,neuronal structural integrity and dendritic density were detected by microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2)staining experiments,and the expression of synapse-associated proteins was detected by Western blot,to assess the effects of CB1R on synaptic plasticity.Results Behavioral result showed that VPA mice demonstrated significant ASD-like behavior,while CB1R-/-mice spent a significantly smaller proportion of residence time in the central region of the open field(P＜0.0001),showed significant increases in the number of marbles buried and self-grooming time(P＜0.01),significantly less time spent socializing with unfamiliar mice 2 and exploring unfamiliar objects(P＜0.001),and significantly more time exploring old objects(P＜0.05).The relative dwelling time was significantly reduced in CB1R+/-mice(P＜0.001),and the number of marbles buried and self-grooming time were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Synaptic plasticity assays revealed significant synaptic plasticity impairment in VPA mice.Hippocampal MAP2-positive neuron densities were significantly reduced in CB1R-/-and CB1R+/-mice,and expression levels of synapsin-1 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusions CB1R KO leads to ASD-like behavior such as anxiety and repetitive stereotyped behavior,social and cognitive impairments,as well as neuronal damage,dendritic dysplasia and disrupted synaptic protein expression in mice,suggesting that CB1R is involved in regulating synaptic plasticity as a pathological mechanism for the development of ASD-like behavior.

As the first domestically originated cell cycle protein-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor,dalpiciclib has been approved by the State Drug Ad-ministration for the treatment of hormone recep-tor-positive/human epidermal growth factor recep-tor 2-negative advanced or metastatic breast can-cer in combination with fulvestrant or aromatase inhibitors.This article focuses on the progress of dalpiciclib research in breast cancer,summarizing the drug's mechanism of action,phase Ⅰ-Ⅲ clinical trials,and drug safety issues.

Objective To explore the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in alleviating heat stress-induced testicular injury in mice.Methods A total of 20 C57BL/6 male mice(6～8 weeks old)were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=5).The mice from the control group and heat stress(HS)group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL/(kg·d)0.9％normal saline for 14 d,while those in the HS+Rg1 group and the Rg1 group were given an intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/(kg·d)for 14 d,and then on the 7th day after administration,the mice in the HS group and the HS+Rg1 group had the lower abdomen put into a 43 ℃ water bath for 30 min as a single heat stress after being anesthetized with 4％chloral hydrate.Mouse spermatocytes GC-2spd(ts)were divided into control group(routine culture for 48 h),HS group(placed in a 43 ℃ water bath for 30 min after 36 h of conventional culture,and cultured till the end of 48 h),HS+Rg1 group(50 μmol/L Rg1 treatment followed by heat stress injury),and Rg1 group(no heat stress injury).In 1 d after modeling,the eyeball blood samples were collected to detect serum testosterone with ELISA,and the testicles were extracted to observe the morphology and weighed to calculate the testicular index.HE staining was used to observe the histopathology of testis,and corresponding reagents and kits was employed to detect the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and activities of catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in testis tissue.After the epididymal sperm were collected,the sperm concentration and motility were analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis(CASA)system.In in vitro experiments,cell apoptosis was detected with TUNEL staining,the protein levels of Nrf2,Keap1,HO-1,Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase3 were detected with Western blotting,and the mRNA levels of GCLC,GCLM and NQO1 were detected by RT-qPCR.Results Rg1 prevented the decreases in testicular weight and testicular index caused by heat stress,reduced the damage of testicular tissue structure,prevented the decrease of sperm concentration and vitality,antagonized the decreasd number of Leydig cells and serum testosterone level,reduced the accumulation of MDA in testicular tissue,and enhanced the activities of CAT and SOD.Rg1 treatment alleviated the apoptosis of GC-2spd(ts)cells,down-regulated the expression of Bax,Caspase3 and Keap1 proteins,enhanced the expression of Bcl-2,Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins,and increased the transcriptional levels of Nrf2 target genes GCLC,GCLM and NQO1.Conclusion Rg1 has no significant effect on the structure and function of mouse testes,but it can effectively improve the ability of mouse testes to resist heat stress injury,which may be related to the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway,the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,and the reduction of apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of INTERCEPT Foam Spray (IFS) application on delayed endoscope reprocessing through microbiological surveillance culture (MSC). Methods: A quasi-experimental, matched-comparison pilot study was conducted using gastrointestinal endoscopy. IFS was applied to the endoscopes after precleaning and before reprocessing the next day. An equal number of endoscopes, matched by endoscope type, were subjected to routine reprocessing. The MSC were subjected to high-level disinfection to detect any contamination. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test (categorical data) and Student t-test (continuous data). Results: In total, 150 MSCs were collected from 42 endoscopes. Positive MSCs were observed in 4.0% (4/75) of the sprayed group and 1.3% (1/75) of the control group (95% confidence interval, 30.34–0.31; p>0.05), all of which were contributed by colonoscopes. Colonoscope were more prone to positive MSC (mean difference in percentage, p<0.05). Mean spraying hours were not associated with detected growth (11.7% vs. 13.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to –5.27; p>0.05), with environmental and skin flora being the primary contaminants. Conclusions IFS may be applied when delayed endoscope processing is necessary, but with caution when applied to colonoscopes. However, further research is warranted to verify the result.

Objective To investigate the current situation of impostor phenomenon in clinical nurses and analyze the influencing factors,and to provide references for formulating relevant intervention measures.Methods From December 2023 to January 2024,608 clinical nurses from 5 tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province were conveniently selected as the survey subjects.The General Information Questionnaire,the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale(CIPS)and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version(CBF-PI-B)were collected among subjects.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the impostor phenomenon among clinical nurses.Results A total of 582 nurses were included in this study,and the score of the impostor phenomenon scale for clinical nurses was(52.04±11.87).Factors such as neuroticism,years of work experience,whether the family supports the work they are doing,average self-study time per week,and average time spent on social media platforms per day had an impact on the impostor phenomenon score among clinical nurses(P＜0.05),explaining 43.4％of the variance.Conclusion The impostor phenomenon among clinical nurses is at a medium level.Nursing managers should focus on nurses with high neuroticism,low years of work experience,lack of family support,short self-study time,and long social media use time.Appropriate positive encouragement should be given to mitigate their negative emotions,alleviate their impostor phenomenon,and improve the mental and physical health in the nursing team,thus promoting the professional health development of clinical nurses.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of INTERCEPT Foam Spray (IFS) application on delayed endoscope reprocessing through microbiological surveillance culture (MSC). Methods: A quasi-experimental, matched-comparison pilot study was conducted using gastrointestinal endoscopy. IFS was applied to the endoscopes after precleaning and before reprocessing the next day. An equal number of endoscopes, matched by endoscope type, were subjected to routine reprocessing. The MSC were subjected to high-level disinfection to detect any contamination. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test (categorical data) and Student t-test (continuous data). Results: In total, 150 MSCs were collected from 42 endoscopes. Positive MSCs were observed in 4.0% (4/75) of the sprayed group and 1.3% (1/75) of the control group (95% confidence interval, 30.34–0.31; p>0.05), all of which were contributed by colonoscopes. Colonoscope were more prone to positive MSC (mean difference in percentage, p<0.05). Mean spraying hours were not associated with detected growth (11.7% vs. 13.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to –5.27; p>0.05), with environmental and skin flora being the primary contaminants. Conclusions IFS may be applied when delayed endoscope processing is necessary, but with caution when applied to colonoscopes. However, further research is warranted to verify the result.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of INTERCEPT Foam Spray (IFS) application on delayed endoscope reprocessing through microbiological surveillance culture (MSC). Methods: A quasi-experimental, matched-comparison pilot study was conducted using gastrointestinal endoscopy. IFS was applied to the endoscopes after precleaning and before reprocessing the next day. An equal number of endoscopes, matched by endoscope type, were subjected to routine reprocessing. The MSC were subjected to high-level disinfection to detect any contamination. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test (categorical data) and Student t-test (continuous data). Results: In total, 150 MSCs were collected from 42 endoscopes. Positive MSCs were observed in 4.0% (4/75) of the sprayed group and 1.3% (1/75) of the control group (95% confidence interval, 30.34–0.31; p>0.05), all of which were contributed by colonoscopes. Colonoscope were more prone to positive MSC (mean difference in percentage, p<0.05). Mean spraying hours were not associated with detected growth (11.7% vs. 13.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to –5.27; p>0.05), with environmental and skin flora being the primary contaminants. Conclusions IFS may be applied when delayed endoscope processing is necessary, but with caution when applied to colonoscopes. However, further research is warranted to verify the result.

Objective To investigate the current situation of impostor phenomenon in clinical nurses and analyze the influencing factors,and to provide references for formulating relevant intervention measures.Methods From December 2023 to January 2024,608 clinical nurses from 5 tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province were conveniently selected as the survey subjects.The General Information Questionnaire,the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale(CIPS)and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version(CBF-PI-B)were collected among subjects.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the impostor phenomenon among clinical nurses.Results A total of 582 nurses were included in this study,and the score of the impostor phenomenon scale for clinical nurses was(52.04±11.87).Factors such as neuroticism,years of work experience,whether the family supports the work they are doing,average self-study time per week,and average time spent on social media platforms per day had an impact on the impostor phenomenon score among clinical nurses(P＜0.05),explaining 43.4％of the variance.Conclusion The impostor phenomenon among clinical nurses is at a medium level.Nursing managers should focus on nurses with high neuroticism,low years of work experience,lack of family support,short self-study time,and long social media use time.Appropriate positive encouragement should be given to mitigate their negative emotions,alleviate their impostor phenomenon,and improve the mental and physical health in the nursing team,thus promoting the professional health development of clinical nurses.

Objective:Under the guidance of evidence-based theory, the discharge preparation intervention plan for stroke patients was constructed, in order to provide a reference for improving the discharge preparation of stroke patients.Methods:To retrieve the relevant guidelines, consensus, literature and quality evaluation, summarize relevant evidence and evaluate the first draft of the intervention plan, implement two rounds of expert enquiry, according to the expert score and opinions, and improve the entries after the group discussion to form the final intervention plan.Results:In the two rounds of correspondence, the expert positive coefficient was 100%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.81 and 0.84 respectively, and the Kendall harmony coefficient of each entry was 0.165 and 0.453 respectively. The difference was statistical significant ( P<0.05). The ultimate in intervention plan included 6 primary entry, 23 secondary entries. Conclusions:The discharge preparation intervention plan for stroke patients constructed in this study is scientific, reliable and feasible, and is of great significance to improving the discharge preparation of stroke patients.