Objective: To fabricate a hydrogel loaded with inositol hexaphosphate-zinc and preliminarily evaluate its performance in self-mineralization and osteoinduction, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of bone regeneration materials. Methods: The hydrogel framework (designated DF0) was formed by copolymerizing methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and four-armed poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate, followed by sequentially loading inositol hexaphosphate anions via electrostatic interaction and zinc ions via chelation. The hydrogel loaded only with inositol hexaphosphate anions was named DF1, while the co-loaded hydrogel was named DF2. The self-mineralization efficacy of the DF0 , DF1 and DF2 hydrogels was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The biocompatibility was assessed via live/dead cell staining and a CCK-8 assay. The osteoinductive capacity of the DF0 , DF1 and DF2 hydrogels on MC3T3-E1 cells was assessed via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. In the aforementioned cell experiments, cells cultured in standard medium served as the control group Results: The DF0, DF1, and DF2 hydrogels were successfully synthesized. Notably, DF1 and DF2 exhibited distinct self-mineralization within 6 days. Results from TEM, EDS, and SAED confirmed that the mineralization products were amorphous calcium phosphate in group DF1, and amorphous calciumzinc phosphate in group DF2. Biocompatibility tests revealed that none of the hydrogels (DF0, DF1, and DF2) adversely affected cell viability or proliferation. In osteogenic induction experiments, both ALP and ARS staining were intensified in the DF1 and DF2 groups, with the most profound staining observed in the DF2 group. Conclusion The developed inositol hexaphosphate-zinc hydrogel (DF2) demonstrates the dual capacity to generate calcium-phosphate compounds through self-mineralization while exhibiting excellent osteoinductive properties. This biocompatible, dual-promoting osteogenic hydrogel presents a novel strategy for bone regeneration.

Objective: To explore the related factors of college students social network addiction based on problem behavior theory, so as to provide a basis for improving social networking addiction in this population. Methods: From May to June 2023, a method combining convenient sampling and cluster random sampling was used to select 1 768 college students from five universities in Shanghai for a questionnaire survey on social networking addiction, self esteem, loneliness, depressive symptoms, social support, interpersonal needs, sense of distress and frustration; at the same time, the physical exercise, smoking and drinking of college students were investigated. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the association between the three systems of the problem behavior theory (personality, behavior, and social environment) and social networking addiction among college students. Results: The score on the Social Network Addiction Tendency Scale was (21.08±6.29) among college students, and the detection rate of social networking addiction was 66.29%. After adjusting for gender, family economic status, parental divorce status, and whether being an only child, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in the personality system, higher loneliness ( OR =1.66) and higher depressive symptoms ( OR =2.18) were associated with increased risk of social networking addiction among college students; in the behavior system, alcohol consumption ( OR =1.42) was associated with higher risk of soical networking addiction compared to non drinkers; and in the social environment system, low social support ( OR =1.43) was associated with increased risk of social networking addiction (all P <0.05). Conclusions The rate of social networking addiction among college students is relatively high, and the systems of personality, behavior, and social environment are all related to social network addiction. Providing social support, cultivating healthy lifestyle habits, and increasing interpersonal interactions may help reduce excessive dependence on social networking among college students.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Xianglian Huazhuo prescription ameliorates chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） through regulating the Golgi protein 73 （GP73）/protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）/activating transcription factor 4 （ATF4） signaling pathway and modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. MethodA mouse model of CAG was induced by multiple factors， including ranitidine， N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG）， and irregular feeding. The CAG mice were randomized into five groups： model， Morodan （2.0 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose （7.6， 3.8， 1.9 g·kg^-1， respectively） Xianglian Huazhuo prescription， with 10 mice in each group. At the same time， 10 mice in normal group were set up. The mice in the Morodan group and the high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose groups of Xianglian Huazhuo prescription were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage， and those in the normal group and the model group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline. All the mice were intervened once a day for 60 consecutive days. After the last administration， the overall morphological changes of the gastric tissue were observed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to evaluate the pathological morphology and the endoplasmic reticulum ultrastructure in the gastric tissue. The serum levels of pepsinogen Ⅰ （PGⅠ）， pepsinogen Ⅱ （PGⅡ）， gastrin-17 （G-17）， and GP73 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The pepsinogen ratio （PGR， PGⅠ/PGⅡ） was calculated. The protein levels of GP73， PERK， phosphorylated （p）-PERK， glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）， ATF4， CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein （CHOP）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-12 （Caspase-12）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） were assessed by Western blot. The expression of GRP78 was detected by immunofluorescence （IF） assay， and the location of Bcl-2 and Bax by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed pale gastric mucosa with flattened folds and reduced and loosely arranged gastric mucosal glands， declined serum levels of PGI， PGR， G-17， and GP73 （P<0.01）. downregulated protein levels of GP73， p-PERK， ATF4， GRP78， CHOP， Caspase-12， and Bax in the gastric tissue， and upregulated protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Morodan group and each Xianglian Huazhuo prescription group exhibited red gastric mucosa with increased folds， alleviated pathological damage， swelling endoplasmic reticulum， elevated serum levels of PGI， G-17， and GP73 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and upregulated protein levels of Caspase-12 and Bax and downregulated protein level of Bcl-2 in the gastric tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The Morodan group and the high-dose and medium-dose Xianglian Huazhuo prescription groups exhibited increased serum level of PGR （P<0.05， P<0.01） and upregulated protein levels of GP73， p-PERK， ATF4， GRP78， and CHOP in the gastric tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXianglian Huazhuo prescription can activate the GP73/PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway and induce ERS-mediated apoptosis to alleviate the pathological damage of the gastric mucosa， thereby demonstrating a protective effect against CAG in mice.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Xianglian Huazhuo prescription ameliorates chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） through regulating the Golgi protein 73 （GP73）/protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）/activating transcription factor 4 （ATF4） signaling pathway and modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. MethodA mouse model of CAG was induced by multiple factors， including ranitidine， N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG）， and irregular feeding. The CAG mice were randomized into five groups： model， Morodan （2.0 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose （7.6， 3.8， 1.9 g·kg^-1， respectively） Xianglian Huazhuo prescription， with 10 mice in each group. At the same time， 10 mice in normal group were set up. The mice in the Morodan group and the high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose groups of Xianglian Huazhuo prescription were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage， and those in the normal group and the model group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline. All the mice were intervened once a day for 60 consecutive days. After the last administration， the overall morphological changes of the gastric tissue were observed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to evaluate the pathological morphology and the endoplasmic reticulum ultrastructure in the gastric tissue. The serum levels of pepsinogen Ⅰ （PGⅠ）， pepsinogen Ⅱ （PGⅡ）， gastrin-17 （G-17）， and GP73 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The pepsinogen ratio （PGR， PGⅠ/PGⅡ） was calculated. The protein levels of GP73， PERK， phosphorylated （p）-PERK， glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）， ATF4， CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein （CHOP）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-12 （Caspase-12）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） were assessed by Western blot. The expression of GRP78 was detected by immunofluorescence （IF） assay， and the location of Bcl-2 and Bax by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed pale gastric mucosa with flattened folds and reduced and loosely arranged gastric mucosal glands， declined serum levels of PGI， PGR， G-17， and GP73 （P<0.01）. downregulated protein levels of GP73， p-PERK， ATF4， GRP78， CHOP， Caspase-12， and Bax in the gastric tissue， and upregulated protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Morodan group and each Xianglian Huazhuo prescription group exhibited red gastric mucosa with increased folds， alleviated pathological damage， swelling endoplasmic reticulum， elevated serum levels of PGI， G-17， and GP73 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and upregulated protein levels of Caspase-12 and Bax and downregulated protein level of Bcl-2 in the gastric tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The Morodan group and the high-dose and medium-dose Xianglian Huazhuo prescription groups exhibited increased serum level of PGR （P<0.05， P<0.01） and upregulated protein levels of GP73， p-PERK， ATF4， GRP78， and CHOP in the gastric tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXianglian Huazhuo prescription can activate the GP73/PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway and induce ERS-mediated apoptosis to alleviate the pathological damage of the gastric mucosa， thereby demonstrating a protective effect against CAG in mice.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of fondaparinux in pregnancy and provide reference for its rational clinical application. METHODS A search was conducted in databases including CNKI， Wanfang， PubMed， Embase， and Elsevier （the search time was from the construction of the database to December 17， 2024） to collect case report literature on fondaparinux use during pregnancy. Patient demographic information， fondaparinux use during pregnancy， concomitant medications， clinical manifestations， and treatment details were extracted for descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 17 case reports regarding the use of fondaparinux during pregnancy were collected， involving 42 patients from 11 countries and 47 pregnancy records. Among these， 20 cases involved the use of fondaparinux for the prevention of pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism （VTE）， while 27 cases were fondaparinux treatment due to related conditions. A total of 29 occurrences of the patients were treated with fondaparinux due to a （family） history of VTE. Nine occurrences of complicated pregnancies were reported， and 35 patients had records of comorbidities or relevant medical histories. The adverse events that occurred during pregnancy with the use of fondaparinux include postpartum hemorrhage （7 cases） and excessive anticoagulation caused by inappropriate dosage （1 case）. Among the 7 cases of postpartum hemorrhage， 3 cases had a blood loss of no less than 1 000 mL （including 2 cases with uterine atony）， 3 cases had a drug discontinuation time of ≤12 h. CONCLUSIONS Based on the existing literature， the safety of fondaparinux during pregnancy is generally manageable， with the main adverse event being postpartum hemorrhage. The dosage， interval between discontinuation，comorbidities/medical history， and concomitant medications of fondaparinux may be the main causes of its adverse events.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). METHODS: Clinical data, laboratory findings, and genetic test results of 63 children diagnosed with CAH at Henan Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 63 patients, the mean age at the first visit was (21 ± 14) days; 29 (46%) were of male sex and 34 (54%) were of female sex. The predominant clinical manifestations were poor weight gain or weight loss (92%, 58/63), poor feeding (84%, 53/63), skin hyperpigmentation (83%, 52/63), and female external genital anomalies (100%, 34/34). Laboratory abnormalities included hyponatremia (87%, 55/63), hyperkalemia (68%, 43/63), metabolic acidosis (68%, 43/63), and markedly elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (92%, 58/63), testosterone (89%, 56/63), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (81%, 51/63). Among 49 patients who underwent genetic testing, CYP21A2 variants were identified in 90% (44/49), with c.293-13A/C>G (33%, 30/91) and large deletions/gene conversions (29%, 26/91) being the most frequent; STAR (8%, 4/49) and HSD3B2 (2%, 1/49) variants were also detected. Following hormone replacement therapy, electrolyte disturbances were corrected in 57 cases, with significant reductions in 17-hydroxyprogesterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and testosterone levels (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS CAH presenting in neonates or young infants is characterized by electrolyte imbalance, external genital anomalies, and abnormal hormone levels. Genetic testing enables definitive subtype classification; in CYP21A2-related CAH, c.293-13A/C>G is a hotspot variant. These findings underscore the clinical value of genetic testing for early diagnosis and genetic counseling in CAH. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2025, 27(11): 1367-1372.
Humans ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis* ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the pillar for the development of motherland medicine, and animal medicine has a long history of application in China, characterized by wide resources, strong activity, definite efficacy, and great benefits. It has significant potential and important status in the consumption market of raw materials of TCM. In the context of global climate change, farming system alterations, and low renewability, the depletion of wild medicinal animal resources has accelerated. Accordingly, the conservation and sustainable utilization of wild resources of animal medicinal materials has become a problem that garners increasing attention and urgently needs to be solved. This paper summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign medicinal animal breeding and research progress in industrial application in recent years and points out the issues related to standardized breeding, germplasm selection and breeding, and quality evaluation standards for medicinal animals. Furthermore, this paper discusses standardized breeding, quality standards, resource protection and utilization, and the search for alternative resources for rare and endangered medicinal animals. It proposes that researchers should systematically carry out in-depth basic research on animal medicine, improve the breeding scale and level of medicinal animals, employ modern technology to enhance the quality standards of medicinal materials, and strengthen the research and development of alternative resources. This approach aims to effectively address the relationship between protection and utilization and make a significant contribution to the sustainable development of medicinal animal resources and the animal-based Chinese medicinal material industry.
Animals ; Breeding ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Conservation of Natural Resources