OBJECTIVES: The need for proper wound closure is of paramount importance after any intra-oral surgery. Various wound closure techniques have been described in literature using traditional non-absorbable suture materials. These include like synthetic absorbable sutures, surgical staples and tissue adhesives. Cyanoacrylates are among the most commonly used biocompatible tissue adhesives. To evaluate and compare intraoral wound healing using 3-0 silk sutures and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate after alveoloplasty.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients requiring bilateral alveoloplasty in the same arch (upper or lower) were included in this study. Patients with any pre-existing pathology or systemic disease were excluded. After alveoloplasty was performed, the wound was closed using 3-0 braided silk sutures on one side, and using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate bio adhesive on the other side. Patients were evaluated based on the following parameters: time required to achieve wound closure; the incidence of immediate and postoperative hemostasis; the time to the use of the first rescue medication; the side where pain first arises; and the side where wound healing begins first.RESULTS: Compared to 3-0 silk sutures, cyanoacrylate demonstrated better hemostatic properties, reduced operative time, reduced postoperative pain and better wound healing.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that cyanoacrylate glue is an adequate alternative to conventional sutures to close the surgical wound after alveoloplasty, and better than are 3-0 silk sutures.
Adhesives ; Alveoloplasty ; Cyanoacrylates ; Enbucrilate ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pathology ; Silk ; Sutures ; Tissue Adhesives ; Wound Closure Techniques ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: We investigated the biocompatibility of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in the cervical deep tissues of rats to assess its biocompatibility. METHODS: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with NBCA. After 30, 90, 180, and 360 days, cubes of tissue (1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm) surrounding the NBCA and normal tissue from the other side of the neck were excised from each rat. The adhesion of NBCA to adjacent structures was examined histologically. Cells were counted per high-power field (HPF), and fibrosis was graded with the measurement of fibrotic thickening. RESULTS: All animals displayed normal behavior without any symptoms of distress throughout the study. There was no recognizable inflammatory reaction, foreign body reaction, or fibrosis in the 30 control samples. The analyses of experimental samples showed significantly decreased inflammatory cell counts over time (lymphoplasma cell count decreased from 100 (range, 70–100) to 30 (range, 30–50) per HPF, P = 0.010; neutrophil count decreased from 2 (range, 2–30) to 0 (range, 0–2) per HPF, P = 0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the number of multinuclear giant cells throughout the study period (a decrease from 22 [range, 16–34] to 16 [range, 12–22] per HPF, P = 0.287). The level of fibrosis was Common Toxicity Criteria ver. 4.0 Grade 1 without further thickening (P = 0.600). However, maturation of fibrosis progressed gradually. CONCLUSION: NBCA was biologically tolerable in the cervical deep tissues of rats. However, precautions are needed with respect to preventing a sustained foreign body reaction and fibrosis.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Count ; Chyle ; Cyanoacrylates ; Enbucrilate ; Fibrosis ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Giant Cells ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Neutrophils ; Prospective Studies ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the coil-protected technique for liquid embolization in neurovascular malformations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients who underwent coil-protected liquid embolization for symptomatic cranial (n = 13) and spinal (n = 9) arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were identified. A total of 36 target feeder vessels were embolized with N-butyl cyanoacrylate and/or Onyx (Medtronic). This technique was used to promote delivery of a sufficient amount of liquid embolic agent into the target shunt or nidus in cases where tortuous feeding arteries preclude a microcatheter wedging techniqu and/or to prevent reflux of the liquid embolic agent in cases with a short safety margin. The procedure was considered technically successful if the target lesion was sufficiently filled with liquid embolic agent without unintentional reflux. Angiographic and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved for all 36 target feeders. Post-embolization angiographies revealed complete occlusion in 16 patients and near-complete and partial occlusion in three patients each. There were no treatment-related complications. Of the six patients who showed near-complete or partial occlusion, five received additional treatments: two received stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral AVM, two underwent surgical removal of cerebral AVM, and one underwent additional embolization by direct puncture for a mandibular AVM. Finally, all patients showed complete (n = 19) or near-complete (n = 3) occlusion of the target AVF or AVM on follow-up angiographies. The presenting neurological symptoms improved completely in 15 patients (68.2%) and partially in seven patients (31.8%). CONCLUSION: The coil-protected technique is a safe and effective method for liquid embolization, especially in patients with various neurovascular shunts or malformations who could not be successfully treated with conventional techniques.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cyanoacrylates ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methods ; Punctures ; Radiosurgery ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The open reduction of craniofacial bone fractures requires internal fixation using metal plates and screws, which have been considered the gold standard. However, metal implants pose a risk of palpation, protrusion, and foreign body reaction, and they may require an additional operation for removal. Recently, good results have been reported for absorbable implants which complement the disadvantages of metal implants. This study presents the results of using absorbable mesh, plates, and screws with cyanoacrylate for more accurate and firmer fixation of comminuted fractures of the maxilla. METHODS: In total, 235 patients underwent operations for comminuted fractures of the maxilla. From January 2012 to December 2014, absorbable mesh and screws were used in 114 patients, while from January 2015 to December 2017, absorbable mesh, plates, and screws with cyanoacrylate were used in 121 patients. Open reduction of the bone fragments was performed, after which absorbable implants were accurately molded and fixed by screws. RESULTS: All patients underwent postoperative computed tomography scans, which showed highly accurate reduction and firm fixation in the patients who underwent procedures using absorbable implants, screws, and cyanoacrylate. There were no postoperative complications or cases of abnormal facial contour. CONCLUSION: When absorbable implants and screws are used for maxillary fractures, no additional surgery to remove the metal plate is required. In addition, the use of cyanoacrylate enables accurate and firm fixation of the tiny bone fragments that cannot be fixed with screws.
Absorbable Implants ; Complement System Proteins ; Cyanoacrylates ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fungi ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Fractures ; Palpation ; Postoperative Complications

Cyanoacrylate closure, VenaSeal system, for the treatment of incompetent saphenous vein is a new technique. We report a successful case with a large great saphenous vein of 2.84 cm in diameter.
Cyanoacrylates ; Saphenous Vein* ; Varicose Veins

Ectopic varices are rare among patients with portal hypertension, especially in the ascending colon. It is difficult to evaluate massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis by colonoscopy due to hemodynamic instability and poor bowel preparation. In Korea, there has only been one case report about ascending colon variceal bleeding, in which hemostasis was performed by venous coil embolization. We report another rare case of ascending colon variceal bleeding in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis, who was successfully treated via two sessions of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection through colonoscopy. This case suggests that the careful endoscopic approach and hemostasis with glue injection might be an option for treating massive bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal varix.
Adhesives ; Colon, Ascending* ; Colonoscopy ; Cyanoacrylates ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Enbucrilate* ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Korea ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; Varicose Veins

Hemorrhage following pancreatitis may become complicated during the disease course and with possibly fatal consequences. Radiologic findings are as follows: the presence of hematomas, hemorrhagic pseudocysts, extravasation of contrast media or the formation of arterial pseudoaneurysms. The digital subtraction angiography findings are as follows: contrast extravasation due to arterial rupture; pseudoaneurysm formation; and luminal irregularity. A pseudoaneurysm is considered to be treated as soon as detected due to its risk of rupture. Endovascular management, which includes embolization using coils, N-butyl cyanoacrylate, gelatin sponge, stents, and thrombin, is an effective option for the treatment for pancreatitis-related bleeding.
Aneurysm, False ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Cyanoacrylates ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endovascular Procedures ; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials ; Gelatin ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Pancreatitis ; Phenobarbital ; Porifera ; Rupture ; Stents ; Thrombin

Transcatheter arterial embolization using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for gastrointestinal arterial bleeding enables higher cessation rate and lower recurrent bleeding rate compared with conventional embolic materials including gelatin sponge, metallic coil, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particle. Glue embolization is particularly effective in patients with coagulopathy. Even in the lower gastrointestinal tract, ischemic bowel complications by glue embolization are comparable to other agents. Glue embolization is also effective for arterial esophageal bleeding without any serious ischemic complications although the anatomy of the esophageal artery is complex and varied. For bleeding after abdominal surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy or hepatic lobectomy, interventional radiologists should be careful with indicating glue embolization because the presence of fewer collateral vessels can easily result in serious ischemic complications. Modified glue such as Glubran 2 (NBCA associated with methacryloxyfulfolane) can reduce the risk of ischemic complication due to its less thermal reaction, but the outcomes seem unsatisfactory.
Adhesives ; Arteries ; Cyanoacrylates ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Enbucrilate ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Gelatin ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; Porifera

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage is a common complication of portal hypertension. Endoscopic therapy is currently recommended for preventing gastroesophageal variceal rebleed. However, the rate of variceal rebleed and its associated mortality remain concerning. This study is aimed at differentiating patient response to endoscopic therapy based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) findings. METHODS: One-hundred seventy patients previously treated with repeat endoscopic therapy for secondary prophylaxis were enrolled and classified into two groups based on treatment response. Prior to consolidation therapy, all patients received an EUS examination to observe for extraluminal phenomena. All available follow-up endoscopic examination records were retrieved to validate study results. RESULTS: Of the 170 subjects, 106 were poor responders, while 64 were good responders. The presence of para-gastric, gastric perforating, and esophageal perforating veins was associated with poor patient response (p < 0.001). The odds ratio for para-gastric veins was 5.374. Follow-up endoscopic findings for poor responders with incomplete variceal obliteration was closely correlated with the presence of para-gastric veins (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of para-gastric veins is a characteristic of poor response to endoscopic therapy for treating gastroesophageal varices. Early identification of this subgroup necessitates a change in course of treatment to improve overall patient outcome.
Cyanoacrylates ; Endosonography ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Mortality ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Assessment ; Ultrasonography* ; Varicose Veins* ; Veins

No abstract available.
Adhesives* ; Cyanoacrylates* ; Herniorrhaphy* ; Polyesters* ; Titanium*