ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT） modulates microglial （MG） phenotypes through the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 2 （SIGLEC2/CD22）/Src-homology-2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 （SHP-1）/phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt） signaling pathway， thereby promoting myelin repair and alleviating agitation-like behaviors in vascular dementia （VAD）. MethodsSixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a sham （normal） group， model group， HLJDT low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （2.5， 5， and 10 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a risperidone group （2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 10 mice per group. VAD was induced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis （BCAS）. From day 42， mice received drug interventions for 2 weeks. Agitation-like behaviors were assessed using the resident-intruder test. After behavioral testing， ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus （VMHvl） tissues were collected. Western blot was used to measure protein levels of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein （MOG）， myelin basic protein （MBP）， proteolipid protein （PLP）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， arginase-1 （Arg1）， CD86， CD206， and CD22， SHP-1， and p-Akt. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate myelin-associated glycoprotein （MAG） intensity and the proportion of iNOS⁺/ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba1）⁺ cells. ELISA was used to detect tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-6， and IL-1β. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited markedly increased biting and aggressive behaviors and shortened attack latency （P<0.01）. MOG， MBP， and PLP protein levels and MAG fluorescence intensity were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. INOS and CD86 expression and TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β levels were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. CD22 and SHP-1 expression increased significantly （P<0.01）， whereas p-Akt expression decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose HLJDT groups and the risperidone group showed markedly reduced biting and aggression （P<0.05， P<0.01） and prolonged attack latency （P<0.01）. MOG， MBP， and PLP levels and MAG fluorescence intensity were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. INOS， CD86， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β levels decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. CD22 and SHP-1 expression decreased， while p-Akt expression increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionHLJDT may modulate CD22/SHP-1/p-Akt signaling in the VMHvl， promote the shift of MG toward an anti-inflammatory and phagocytic phenotype， enhance myelin repair， and improve agitation-like behaviors in VAD mice.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprints for the different extracts from Coptidis Rhizoma，and investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity in vitro to analyze the pharmacodynamic material basis. Methods Nine kinds of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts were prepared, and establish the HPLC fingerprints for them. The antibacterial rate of each extract was determined by the broth microdilution method with Staphylococcus aureus as the test bacteria. The grey relational analysis （GRA） method was used to analyze the correlation between the fingerprint data and the in vitro antibacterial test data. Results The HPLC fingerprints of nine kinds of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts were established, nine common characteristic fingerprint peaks were calibrated, and 5 peaks were identified by the reference substance comparison method. GRA analysis experiments showed that the correlation between nine peaks and antibacterial effect was 0.559 1~0.803 3; and the peak 3, peak 8 （palmatine hydrochloride）, peak 9 （berberine hydrochloride） were positively correlated with the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus,while the peak 9 （berberine hydrochloride） had the strongest effect, and its correlation degree was 0.803 3. Conclusion The effective substance of antibacterial was preliminarily determined through the study of spectrum-effect relationship for Coptidis Rhizoma extracts,which may be the alkaloids, mostly containing hydrochloride, which provided a reference for further research on the pharmacodynamic material basis of Coptidis Rhizoma.

ObjectiveTo systematically synthesize the illness experiences and unmet needs of patients with stroke during the rehabilitation phase. MethodsQualitative studies focusing on the illness experiences and needs of stroke patients in the rehabilitation period were retrieved from the databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang data and VIP. The search timeframe was from database inception to December, 2024. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument. A meta-synthesis method was adopted to categorize and integrate the findings. ResultsA total of ten studies were included. Forty-nine themes were extracted and further grouped into ten categories, which were finally integrated into three overarching themes: negative illness perceptions, multifaceted rehabilitation motivations and unmet multidimensional needs. ConclusionPatients with stroke undergo complex physical and psychological experiences during rehabilitation and present diverse and multidimensional needs.

ObjectiveTo systematically synthesize the illness experiences and unmet needs of patients with stroke during the rehabilitation phase. MethodsQualitative studies focusing on the illness experiences and needs of stroke patients in the rehabilitation period were retrieved from the databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang data and VIP. The search timeframe was from database inception to December, 2024. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument. A meta-synthesis method was adopted to categorize and integrate the findings. ResultsA total of ten studies were included. Forty-nine themes were extracted and further grouped into ten categories, which were finally integrated into three overarching themes: negative illness perceptions, multifaceted rehabilitation motivations and unmet multidimensional needs. ConclusionPatients with stroke undergo complex physical and psychological experiences during rehabilitation and present diverse and multidimensional needs.

ObjectiveTo systematically synthesize the illness experiences and unmet needs of patients with stroke during the rehabilitation phase. MethodsQualitative studies focusing on the illness experiences and needs of stroke patients in the rehabilitation period were retrieved from the databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang data and VIP. The search timeframe was from database inception to December, 2024. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument. A meta-synthesis method was adopted to categorize and integrate the findings. ResultsA total of ten studies were included. Forty-nine themes were extracted and further grouped into ten categories, which were finally integrated into three overarching themes: negative illness perceptions, multifaceted rehabilitation motivations and unmet multidimensional needs. ConclusionPatients with stroke undergo complex physical and psychological experiences during rehabilitation and present diverse and multidimensional needs.

OBJECTIVE Based on comment texts from the Weibo platform， this study adopts the text mining method to systematically analyze the public’s emotional attitudes and core concerns of “medical insurance reimbursement”， and explore the public’s real experiences and feedback in the implementation of the current system. METHODS With “medical insurance reimbursement” as the keyword， Python web crawler technology was used to collect Weibo comment texts from December 2023 to April 2025. Word frequency analysis， sentiment analysis， semantic network analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation （LDA） topic models were adopted to mine the in-depth features of comment texts and investigate the public’s concerns and emotional attitudes toward “medical insurance reimbursement”. RESULTS A total of 3 645 valid comment texts were obtained. The overall emotional of the public toward “medical insurance reimbursement” was weakly positive： 66.4% of the comments contained positive emotions， and 32.4% contained negative emotions. Semantic network analysis indicated that positive public emotions mainly centered on the achievements of medical insurance reform and the improvement of security level， while negative emotions mainly focused on reimbursement rules， economic burden and the implementation of medical insurance policies. The LDA model identified eight core themes， mainly including access of new drugs to medical insurance catalogs， medical insurance support for traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine， disputes over medical insurance coverage of specific medical items， cross-regional medical treatment and medical insurance settlement， medical insurance reimbursement and medical burden， as well as the approval of innovative drugs and medical insurance payment. CONCLUSIONS The public generally holds a positive attitude toward “medical insurance reimbursement”， yet still has many expectations in terms of policy implementation. On the premise of guaranteeing the sustainability of medical insurance funds， it is suggested to further improve the transparency and fairness of the reimbursement process， and promote the scientific， standardized and efficient development of the medical insurance system. Meanwhile， attention should be paid to public opinion feedback on social media， and the policy communication mechanism should be strengthened， so as to enhance the public’s sense of gain and trust in the medical insurance system.

OBJECTIVE Based on comment texts from the Weibo platform， this study adopts the text mining method to systematically analyze the public’s emotional attitudes and core concerns of “medical insurance reimbursement”， and explore the public’s real experiences and feedback in the implementation of the current system. METHODS With “medical insurance reimbursement” as the keyword， Python web crawler technology was used to collect Weibo comment texts from December 2023 to April 2025. Word frequency analysis， sentiment analysis， semantic network analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation （LDA） topic models were adopted to mine the in-depth features of comment texts and investigate the public’s concerns and emotional attitudes toward “medical insurance reimbursement”. RESULTS A total of 3 645 valid comment texts were obtained. The overall emotional of the public toward “medical insurance reimbursement” was weakly positive： 66.4% of the comments contained positive emotions， and 32.4% contained negative emotions. Semantic network analysis indicated that positive public emotions mainly centered on the achievements of medical insurance reform and the improvement of security level， while negative emotions mainly focused on reimbursement rules， economic burden and the implementation of medical insurance policies. The LDA model identified eight core themes， mainly including access of new drugs to medical insurance catalogs， medical insurance support for traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine， disputes over medical insurance coverage of specific medical items， cross-regional medical treatment and medical insurance settlement， medical insurance reimbursement and medical burden， as well as the approval of innovative drugs and medical insurance payment. CONCLUSIONS The public generally holds a positive attitude toward “medical insurance reimbursement”， yet still has many expectations in terms of policy implementation. On the premise of guaranteeing the sustainability of medical insurance funds， it is suggested to further improve the transparency and fairness of the reimbursement process， and promote the scientific， standardized and efficient development of the medical insurance system. Meanwhile， attention should be paid to public opinion feedback on social media， and the policy communication mechanism should be strengthened， so as to enhance the public’s sense of gain and trust in the medical insurance system.

Objective To investigated the effects of occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) on sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and iron metabolism among workers. Methods A total of 20 workers occupationally exposed to DMF were selected as the exposure group, and 15 healthy workers without DMF exposure from the same factory were selected as the control group using the purposive sampling method. DMF exposure levels were assessed in individual samples of the workers. The urinary N-methylformamide (NMF) levels were measured by gas chromatography. The mRNA expression of SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 in peripheral blood was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and ferritin levels. Results The DMF exposure levels among the workers in the control group were below the detection limit, and urinary NMF was undetectable. The median DMF exposure level was 13.30 mg/m³, and the mean urinary NMF level was (9.72±1.78) mg/g Cr among the workers in the exposure group. Compared with the control group, the relative mRNA expression of SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 in peripheral blood of workers in the exposure group increased (all P<0.05), while the levels of transferrin and sTfR decreased (both P<0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in serum ferritin levels between the two groups (P>0.05). In the exposure group, urinary NMF level of workers was negatively correlated with the relative mRNA expression level of SREBP-1c in blood [correlation coefficient (r)=-0.50, P=0.03], and positively correlated with the levels of serum transferrin, sTfR, and ferritin (r = 0.63, 0.58, and 0.52, respectively; all P<0.05). Conclusion Occupational exposure to DMF can upregulate the expression of the SREBP family and disrupt iron metabolism, with a potential association between these effects.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of long COVID and to investigate its main influencing factors by examining individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March and June 2022 in two communities in Shanghai, to lay the foundation for further research on the mechanism and clinical treatment of long COVID, and to provide the basis for the development of inexpensive, convenient, and feasible prevention and intervention strategies. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 6 410 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey. The incidence and common symptoms of long COVID were analyzed, along with their associations with demographic characteristics, medical history, and behavioral factors. A logistic regression model was used to identify the major factors associated with the development of long COVID symptoms. ResultsThe overall incidence rate of long COVID among the study population was 13.9%. The most commonly reported symptoms included fatigue (65.1%), attention disorders (23.1%), and cough (16.9%). The analysis showed that having underlying chronic diseases (OR=2.580, 95%CI: 2.165‒3.074), a history of allergies (OR=1.418, 95%CI: 1.003‒1.971), current smoking (OR=1.461, 95%CI: 1.013‒2.079), ever smoking (OR=2.462, 95%CI: 1.687‒3.551), a greater number of symptoms during the acute phase [1 symptom (OR=1.778, 95%CI: 1.459‒2.162), 2 symptoms (OR=2.749, 95%CI: 2.209‒3.409), ≥3 symptoms (OR=7.792, 95%CI: 6.333‒9.593)] and aggravated symptoms during the acute phase (OR=1.082, 95%CI: 1.070‒1.094) were factors associated with a higher risk of developing long COVID symptoms. Additionally, individuals who had consumed alcohol in the past year (OR=1.914, 95%CI: 1.344‒2.684) were more prone to objective long COVID symptoms. Among individuals under 50 years of age, females (OR=1.427, 95%CI: 1.052‒1.943) were more likely to develop objective long COVID symptoms. ConclusionThis study has identified the diversity of long COVID symptoms, which involve multiple organs and systems, including fatigue, attention disorders, cough, and joint pain. It has also revealed associations between long COVID and various demographic factors (e.g., age, gender), personal medical history (e.g., underlying chronic diseases, history of allergies), acute-phase characteristics (e.g., number and severity of symptoms), and behavioral factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption). These findings highlight the need for further research and ongoing surveillance of long COVID and may inform the development of more targeted health management strategies for specific populations.

Objective: To investigate the vitamin D levels in children aged 1 year in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in children and promoting their health. Methods: The 1-year-old children who underwent health examinations at the Department of Child Health Care of Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from September 2023 to August 2024 were selected. Basic information of the children was collected through the medical record information system, and their length and weight were measured. The length, weight and nutritional status were evaluated according to the Technical Specifications for the Management of Nutritional Diseases in Children. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25- (OH) D] levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence assay, and vitamin D levels were assessed based on the fifth edition of Child Health Care. The vitamin D levels were analyzed among the children with different genders, testing months, and growth status. Results: A total of 2 245 children were recruited, including 1 189 boys (52.96%) and 1 056 girls (47.04%). The median serum 25- (OH) D level was 39.98 (interquartile range, 16.63) ng/mL. Vitamin D insufficiency was observed in 279 children, with an insufficiency rate of 12.43%. The median serum 25- (OH) D level in boys was 39.26 (interquartile range, 17.75) ng/mL, which was lower than that in girls at 41.39 (17.75) ng/mL (P<0.05). The vitamin D insufficiency rate was 13.04% in boys and 11.74% in girls, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The lowest vitamin D insufficiency rate was observed in August at 4.95%, while the highest rate was in September at 23.89%, showing the statistically significant difference across testing months (P<0.05). The children with above-average length ratings, higher weight ratings and obesity had higher vitamin D insufficiency rates, at 17.29%, 20.86% and 20.88%, respectively. The vitamin D insufficiency rate increased with higher weight and nutritional status ratings (both P<0.05), but no significant change was observed with higher length ratings (P>0.05). Conclusions The vitamin D insufficiency rate among 1-year-old children in Shaoxing City was 12.43%, with variations observed in different testing months, weight and nutritional status. Targeted prevention and intervention measures should be implemented to address these differences.