BackgroundIn recent years， the incidence of depression among adolescents has been increasing steadily， posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health and even leading to severe consequences such as self-harm and suicide. At the same time， the detection rate of subclinical depression symptoms among adolescents is even higher. Although these symptoms do not meet the clinical diagnostic criteria， they have significantly affected their quality of life， and their persistence over time may further develop into depression. Therefore， in-depth exploration of adolescent depression symptoms and the predictive factors holds significant practical significance and research value. However， up to now， no large-scale investigation and research on depression symptoms among children and adolescents has been conducted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， in order to provide references for formulating scientific and effective prevention strategies and intervention measures. MethodsBy using the cluster stratified random sampling method， 6 281 students from the third grade of primary school to the second grade of high school in 12 leagues and cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected in March 2024. A self-designed questionnaire and the Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） were used for on-site investigation. ResultsA total of 6 058 （96.45%） children and adolescents completed the valid questionnaire survey， and 2 728 cases （45.03%） were found to have depressive symptoms. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents of different genders， ages， whether they were only children， different family types， family monthly income， parents' educational levels， and whether the mother was employed （χ²=33.769， 40.618， 48.593， 29.972， 142.648， 195.999， 168.190， 5.445， P<0.05 or 0.01）.The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that for children and adolescents， being female， aged between 12 and 16， over 16 years old， not being an only child， living in a reconstituted family， having a monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and having parents with an education level of primary school or below were predictors of depressive symptoms （OR=1.241， 1.427， 1.273， 1.177， 1.549， 1.278， 1.462， 1.417， 1.514， 1.929， 1.660， 1.528， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionThe detection rate of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. Factors that may predict depressive symptoms in children and adolescents include female gender， ages between 12 and 16， ages over 16 years old， non-only children， families with a restructured structure， monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and parents with an education level of primary school or below. ［Funded by Science and Technology Planning Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （number， 2022YFSH0119）］

“Chinese Pharmacopoeia” is the legal basis for drug development, production, operation, use and management in China, and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition is going to be issued and implemented. This article introduces the revision and amendment situations, analyzes the characteristics of the new edition of the Pharmacopoeia and the future development direction of national standards for better understanding and implementation of the latest edition of pharmacopoeia.

BACKGROUND:Spleen has the functions of blood storage,hematopoiesis,and immunity.With the increase of age,the structural degeneration and functional decline of spleen lead to the impairment of immune system function,thus accelerating the aging process of the body.The treatment of spleen aging in tree shrews with highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the intervention effect and mechanism of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on spleen aging in tree shrews. METHODS:Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated,cultured,and obtained from the umbilical cord tissue of newborn tree shrews by caesarean section.The differentiation abilities of adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis were detected by three-line differentiation kit.Cell cycle and surface markers were detected by flow cytometry.The second generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein with infection complex values of 100,120,140,160,180,and 200,respectively,to screen the best transfection conditions.After transfection,the fourth generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was injected into the tail vein of tree shrews in the elderly treatment group.The young control group and the aged model group were not given special treatment.After 4 months of treatment,the spleen tissue was taken and the structure of the spleen was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.β-Galactosidase staining was used to detect the activity of aging-related galactosidase.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of p21 and p53 proteins.Ki67 and PCNA immunofluorescence staining was used to detect cell proliferation activity.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of spleen autophagy protein molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5.Reactive oxygen species fluorescence staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species in spleen tissue.CD3 immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the change of the proportion of total T lymphocytes.The secretion levels of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor β1 in spleen were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The distribution of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells labeled with green fluorescent protein in spleen tissue was observed by DAPI double staining of nucleus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells grew in a short spindle shape with fish-like growth,with a large proportion of G0/G1 phase,and had the potential to differentiate into adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis.(2)Multiplicity of infection=140 and transfection for 72 hours were the best conditions for labeling tree shrews highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein.(3)Compared with the aged model group,in the aged treatment group,the spleen tissue cells of tree shrews were arranged closely,and the area of white pulp was increased(P<0.01);the boundary between red pulp and white pulp was clear;the proportion of germinal centers did not show statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The activity level of galactosidase related to spleen tissue aging was decreased(P<0.001),and the expression levels of aging protein molecules p21 and p53 were down-regulated(P<0.001).The expression levels of proliferation-related molecules Ki67 and PCNA were up-regulated(P<0.001,P<0.05);expression levels of autophagy-related molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5 were up-regulated(P<0.001),and the content of reactive oxygen species decreased(P<0.001),and the proportion of CD3+T cells increased(P<0.05).The secretion level of interleukin 1β in the aging-related secretion phenotype decreased(P<0.001);no significant difference was found in transforming growth factor β1 level(P>0.05).Compared with the young control group,the above indexes were significantly different in the elderly treatment group(P<0.05).(4)Green fluorescent cells labeled with green fluorescent protein were observed in spleen tissue of tree shrews the elderly treatment group by frozen tissue section observation.The results show that intravenous infusion of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can migrate to spleen tissue,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,down-regulate the expression of aging-related proteins,induce autophagy,promote cell proliferation,reduce chronic inflammation,and then improve the structure and function of spleen tissue.

[Objective] To explore the accuracy and feasibility of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhE genotype using cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) from maternal peripheral blood. [Methods] A total of 134 pregnant women with single fetuses and RhE-negative blood group were selected from our hospital from November 2023 to August 2024. Free DNA extraction kit was used to extract free DNA from peripheral blood of pregnant women, and the RhE blood group genotype of free DNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). If the qPCR amplification signal of the sample was negative, the methylated RASSF1A gene was amplified, and the positive amplification result was used as a sign of successful extraction of cff-DNA. Serological microcolumn gel method was used to detect the phenotype of RhE blood group in neonatal peripheral blood. [Results] Among the 134 maternal peripheral blood samples, the cff-DNA detection of RhE blood group phenotypes was consistent with the RhE blood group genotyping of neonatal peripheral blood in 133 cases, including 90 cases of Rhee genotype and 43 cases of RhE genotype, with diagnostic concordance rate of 99.3%, sensitivity of 97.7%, specificity of 100%, youden index of 0.977, area under ROC curve of 0.995, the Kappa value of 0.983, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 98.9%. The sample of 1 case failed to be detected. After the amplification of methylated RASSFIA gene, it was confirmed that the reason for the failure was that no cff-DNA was extracted from the sample. The diagnostic concordance rates of the first, second and third trimesters were 93.8% (15/16), 100% (51/51) and 100% (67/67), respectively. Fisher's exact test method was used to calculate the P value, which was P>0.05, indicating that there was no statistical significance in the difference of diagnostic concordance rate among the three pregnancy periods, and there was no difference in the detection concordance rate of this method in different pregnancy periods. [Conclusion] The use of cff-DNA in maternal peripheral blood for the detection of fetal RhE blood group genotype is an accurate and highly feasible non-invasive prenatal diagnostic method, which is helpful for the clinical diagnosis of fetal and neonatal hemolytic disease caused by anti-E antibody.

[Objective] To analyze the distribution of Rh blood group phenotype in some ethnic groups in China, so as to provide references for accurate blood transfusion. [Methods] The data of CNKI, Wanfang data and VIP were retrieved using "Rh blood group" and "nationality", and the search of PubMed database was conducted with the keywords "Rh blood group", "nationalities", "ethnic groups" and "China", with retrieval time until September 19, 2024 Data were extracted from eligible studies and the literature quality was evaluated using the criteria for cross-sectional studies in STROBE statement. Meta analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software. [Results] A total of 350 relevant literature were retrieved, of which 26 were included. The total sample size for Rh phenotype distribution detection were 31 432, and the total population for RhD negative screening was 47 227, covering 26 ethnic groups. Meta-analysis revealed that the Rh blood groups phenotype distribution in certain ethnic populations in China was mainly CCDee 46.7% (95%CI=46.2%-47.2%), CcDEe 30.1% (95%CI=29.5%-30.6%), and CcDee 9.0% (95%CI=8.7%-9.3%). Analysis of the RhD-negative phenotype indicated an negative rate of RhD of 0.3% (95%CI=0.2%-0.3%), with the main phenotype distributions of ccdee at 0.2% (95%CI=0.1%-0.2%) and ccdEe at 0.2% (95%CI=0.0%-0.4%). The meta-analysis results of the distribution of common phenotypes among different ethnic groups showed that the CCDee phenotype was mainly distributed as Hani>Dong>Buyi>Miao>Tujia>Hui>Zang>Kazakh>Mongol>Uygur; the CcDEe phenotype: Zang>Mongol>Hui; the CcDee phenotype: Uygur>Kazakh>Mongol>Zang>Hui>Dong>Miao>Tujia>Buyi; the ccDEE phenotype: Zang>Hui=Mongol. The results of this study are similar to those of Qingdao population in China, but differ from studies conducted in North India, German individuals of European ancestry and Saudi Arabian populations. [Conclusion] The distribution of Rh blood group phenotypes in some ethnic groups in China shows no significant difference compared to the Han population, but there are differences when compared to populations in other countries and regions.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association of the expression of WW domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase 1 (WWP1) with immune infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME) of ovarian cancer. METHODS: Ovarian cancer patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to analyze the association of WWP1 expression with patient prognosis. TISCH2 was utilized to analyze the changes in immune cell subtypes in TME of metastatic tumor and after chemotherapy. The impact of WWP1 on immune cell infiltration, somatic copy number alterations of WWP1 and evolution of immune cell subtypes was evaluated using TIMER and TIGER pseudo-time analysis. A deep learning model was used to analyze TCGA pathological images to investigate the effect of WWP1 on TME of ovarian cancer. RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes in WWP1-overexpressing SKOV3 cells and validate immune infiltration. Multicolor immunofluorescence assay was used to analyze the immune markers in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cell xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS: The patients with high WWP1 expression levels had significantly lower overall survival rate (P=0.0012). High WWP1 expression levels and Stage IV disease were both associated with a poor prognosis (P<0.05). In metastatic ovarian cancer or after chemotherapy, the percentages of malignant tumor cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts increased in the TME, accompanied by elevated WWP1 levels. WWP1 expression level was positively correlated with pro-tumorigenic immunosuppressive cells (r=0.1323-0.3955, P<0.05) and negatively with tumor-inhibiting immune cells (r=-0.1949- -0.1333, P<0.05). Specific copy number alterations of WWP1 also influenced CD8⁺ T cell percentage and neutrophil infiltration levels in the TME. RNA-seq analysis of WWP1-overexpressing SKOV3 cells and immunofluorescence assay of the tumor-bearing mice yielded findings consistent with those of bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS WWP1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential target for immune regulation in the TME of ovarian cancer.
Female ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics* ; Humans ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism* ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Animals ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice, Nude ; Prognosis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Objective To observe the effect of modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction on inflammatory factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)of stomach heat and spleen deficiency type through the regulatory mechanism of intestinal flora.Methods A total of 86 patients with PCOS of stomach heat and spleen deficiency type were randomly divided into control group(45 cases)and observation group(41 cases).The control group was treated with conventional western medicine,and the observation group was treated with modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction on the basis of treatment for the control group.One menstrual cycle constituted a course of treatment,and the treatment lasted for three continuous menstrual cycles.The two groups were observed in the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,endometrial thickness,serum inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)and interleukin-6(IL-6),sex hormone levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and LH/FSH,as well as the intestinal flora before and after treatment.The clinical efficacy and pregnancy rate of the two groups were compared after treatment.Results(1)After 3 menstrual cycles of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 87.80%(36/41),and that of the control group was 68.89%(31/45).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the clinical efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM syndromes in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group(P<0.01).(3)After treatment,the endometrial thickness in the two groups was increased when compared with that before treatment(P<0.05),and the increase in the observation group was superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(4)The pregnancy rate of the observation group was 92.68%(38/41),which was significantly higher than 73.33%(33/45)of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(5)After treatment,the levels of serum E2,LH and LH/FSH in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),but there was no significant change in the level of serum FSH before and after treatment(P>0.05).The comparison between the two groups showed that the decrease of serum E2,LH and LH/FSH levels in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(6)After tieatment,the levels of serum CRP,IL-6,TNF-α in patients of the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was superior to that in the control group(P<0.01).(7)After treatment,the levels of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the intestinal flora of the two groups were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the levels of Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),while the levels of Enterobacter did not change significantly before and after treatment(P>0.05).The comparison between the two groups showed that the increase of the levels of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli and the decrease of the levels of Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction has a significant clinical effect in the treatment of PCOS of stomach heat and spleen deficiency type.The decoction is effective on improving the clinical symptoms and inflammatory factor levels of patients by regulating intestinal flora.

Oligodendrocytes(OLs)play a crucial role in the central nervous system,and the myelin sheath formed by them is essential for maintaining the normal function of the nervous system.Damage to the myelin sheath can trigger various nervous system diseases,which seriously affect the quality of life of patients.Clemastine,a traditional antihistamine,has shown certain potential in"repurposing old drugs"in recent years and can promote the repair of myelin sheath.This article summarizes the role of clemastine in regulating the differentiation,maturation,senescence,and apoptosis of OLs at multiple levels by acting on receptors on the OL membrane and regulat-ing the key signaling pathways in cells and epigenetic modifications in the nucleus.A deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of clemastine in OLs can help to provide new targets and new approaches for drug treatment of myelin-degenerative diseases.