Fresh-cut processing constitutes a pivotal technique in the origin processing of Chinese medicinal materials， with a long history documented in multiple materia medica. In recent years， it has garnered national policy support for its ability to prevent component loss and low processing efficiency associated with traditional drying-before-cutting methods. As of August 2025， 26 provinces and municipalities nationwide have cumulatively published 789 species for fresh-cut processing. Among these， 78 were included in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However， the practice continues to face common challenges and difficulties， including ambiguous scientific understanding， fragmented standards， limited quality control approaches， and poor process stability. Based on this， this paper synthesises years of research findings to systematically elucidate the core mechanisms of fresh-cut processing. These encompass alterations to herbal tissue structure during cutting， post-processing changes in constituents， and physiological-biochemical processes such as plant stress responses and shifts in endogenous enzyme activity. It also summarises influencing factors， including inherent herbal properties， cutting timing and methods， and environmental conditions like temperature， humidity， and microbial presence. Based on this overview of fresh-cutting mechanisms， subsequent research should advance in four directions：Clarifying the scientific principles of fresh-cutting， overcoming technical bottlenecks， upgrading intelligent equipment， and establishing quality standards and evaluation systems. This study provides a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for future research on fresh-cutting in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， promoting its deeper practical application within the industry and contributing to the high-quality development of TCM industry and the modernization of TCM.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application status of prescription pre-review systems in healthcare institutions of Yunnan province， evaluate their system functions and management capabilities， and provide a practical basis for promoting rational drug use. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among public healthcare institutions at or above the secondary level in Yunnan province to investigate the deployment status of the systems. A capability maturity assessment framework was constructed， encompassing 6 dimensions and 39 indicators， including real-time prescription review， prescription correlation review， rule setting， evidence-based information support， prescription authority management， and system operation management. This framework was then used to evaluate the institutions that had implemented the pre-review systems. RESULTS A total of 100 valid questionnaires were collected， with 37 institutions having adopted prescription pre-review systems， mainly tertiary hospitals. The system predominantly adopted a modular architecture and was embedded into the hospital information system through application programming interfaces and middleware， providing certain capabilities for real-time prescription risk identification. Evaluation results indicated that basic functions such as reviewing indications， contraindications， and drug compatibility performed well， while deficiencies remained in functions related to parenteral nutrition prescription， review of drug dosage for specific diseases， individual patient characteristic recognition， and rule setting. Moreover， the construction of review centers and establishment of management systems were also not well-developed. CONCLUSIONS The overall application rate of prescription pre-review systems in Yunnan province remains low. System functions and management mechanisms require further improvement. It is recommended to enhance information infrastructure in lower-level institutions and explore regionally unified review models to promote standardized and intelligent development of prescription review practices.

Objective: To analyze CD36 gene by PacBio Sequel Ⅱ the third-generation sequencing technology (TGS), including non-coding sequence, and to investigate the molecular mechanism of CD36 deficiency. Methods: Flow cytometry was performed in the southern Chinese population to detect the CD36 phenotype. Among them, 15 cases of CD36 type I deficiency, 15 cases of CD36 type Ⅱ deficiency, and 10 positive samples were selected. The TGS of the CD36 gene was performed and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: 40 samples (including 15 cases of type I deficiency, 15 cases of type Ⅱ deficiency, and 10 positive samples) were subjected by TGS of CD36 full-length sequences (except part of intron1). A total of 180 polymorphic loci were identified. Among them, 13 kinds were in the coding region, the rest were in non-coding region, with most mutations located in regulatory regions such as the 5′-UTR and 3′-UTR. Conclusion: The high polymorphism of CD36 non-coding regions, particularly in regulatory sequences, provides mechanistic insights into type Ⅱ CD36 deficiency.

Objective: To explore the role of the c.598G>A mutation of the ITGB3 gene in the occurrence of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) through its expression in vitro. Methods: The platelet antibodies in the sera of the affected neonate and her mother were detected using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), solid-phase agglutination, flow cytometry and the gold standard monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). The common human platelet antigen (HPA) genotypes of the neonate and her parents were obtained using the HPA-SSP method. The presence of mutations was analyzed by sequencing the exons of the ITGB3 and ITGA2B genes. The target gene of ITGB3 was obtained by PCR amplification using the existing human platelet cDNA. The wild-type ITGB3 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by TA cloning technology. The 598G>A mutant ITGB3 eukaryotic expression vector was obtained by point mutation, and the plasmid DNA was co-transfected with that of ITGA2B (αⅡb) into HEK293 cells. The transfected cells stably expressing GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa were screened and obtained. The expression of GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa in 598G>A mutant transfected cells and the presence of antibodies against this mutation in the serum of mother were detected by flow cytometry and MAIPA. Results: Antibodies against HLA-class Ⅰ and GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa glycoproteins were detected in the serum of the neonate's mother, and subsequent HLA antibody-specific testing confirmed the presence of antibodies against HLA-B 57∶01 and A 02∶05. ITGB3 sequencing showed that the neonate and her father carried the c.598G>A point mutation, which results in the change of glutamate to lysine at position 200. Antibodies against GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa glycoproteins were not detected using constructed c.598G>A mutant transfected cells reacted with the maternal serum. Conclusion: The in vitro expression and analysis of the ITGB3 c.598G>A mutation did not support a role for this mutation in the pathogenesis of FNAIT. The establishment of this method facilitates the discovery of new platelet low-frequency antigens, and provides a theoretical foundation for the detection of antibodies against platelet antigens associated with patients with adverse pregnancy and childbirth histories.

Collagen membrane has attracted much attention from researchers due to its excellent properties such as wide source, degradable absorption, and low immunogenicity. However, they are limited by poor mechanical stability and rapid degradation. To enhance their physicochemical properties and biological functions, researchers have developed various strategies, including cross-linking, incorporation of growth factors or drugs, combination with other biomaterials, optimization of composition and structure, and substitution with marine-derived collagen. These advances aim to expand the clinical applications of collagen membranes in oral medicine. With the urgent demand for high-performance biomaterials in oral medicine, summarizing recent progress on collagen membranes provides valuable insights into their mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and limitations, offering reference for optimized design and broader clinical use. Furthermore, further trends may include integrating advanced manufacturing technologies to develop personalized collagen membranes, which could significantly improve therapeutic outcomes in oral diseases.
Collagen/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry* ; Membranes, Artificial ; Oral Medicine/methods* ; Tissue Engineering/methods*

Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health, function, and aesthetics, ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability. Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues, especially in severe cases. Therefore, close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment, along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process, is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Moreover, long-term orthodontic retention and periodontal follow-up are essential to sustain treatment success. This expert consensus, informed by the latest clinical research and practical experience, addresses clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment of periodontal patients, delineating indications, objectives, procedures, and principles with the aim of providing clear and practical guidance for clinical practitioners.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontics, Corrective/standards* ; Periodontal Diseases/complications* ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective:To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of pneumonia in patients with thoracic cancer treated with immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy (RT).Methods:The clinic data of 265 patients with thoracic cancer who received RT and at least 2 cycles of immunotherapy at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between January 2020 and January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to treatment sequence: 100 patients with sequential immunotherapy after RT, 165 patients with RT after immunotherapy, including sequential RT after immunotherapy (119 cases) and concurrent RT with immunotherapy (46 cases). The occurrence and grading of treatment-related pneumonia were determined by clinical symptoms, signs, and chest CT findings. The relationship between interval time window of different treatment methods and pneumonia was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. χ2 test was used for univariate analysis of risk factors, and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results:In the sequential immunotherapy after RT group, the incidence of pneumonia was 12.0% (12/100), with grade ≥2 pneumonia in 4.0% (4/100). The interval time between RT and immunotherapy, has a strong negative correlation with pneumonia incidence and grade ≥2 pneumonia incidence ( r=-0.88, -0.79; both P<0.001). When immunotherapy was initiated ≥7 weeks after RT, the incidence of pneumonia significantly decreased to 5% ( P=0.020), with no grade ≥2 cases. In the immunotherapy followed by sequential / concurrent RT cohort, the incidence of pneumonia was significantly higher in the concurrent subgroup compared with the sequential subgroup [65% (30/46) vs. 44.5% (53/119), P=0.027], and the comparison of the incidence of grade ≥2 pneumonia was the same [33% (15/46) vs. 14.3% (17/119), P=0.014]. The interval time window of RT after immunotherapy was strongly negatively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia and grade ≥2 pneumonia ( r=-0.77, -0.83; both P<0.001). When RT was initiated ≥4 weeks after immunotherapy, the incidence of pneumonia significantly decreased ( P<0.001). Pneumonia incidence differed significantly across RT target sites (intrapulmonary vs. extrapulmonary), total dose (<60 Gy vs. ≥ 60 Gy), and fractionation regimen (conventional vs. hypofractionation) ( P < 0.001, = 0.008, = 0.031), but was not associated with age, gender, smoking history, type of immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-programmed death-1 vs. anti-programmed death ligand-1), or the number of prior immunotherapy cycles (all P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified RT within the lung and interval time of RT after immunotherapy ≤ 4 weeks as independent risk factors for the incidence of pneumonia (both P < 0.001). Conclusions:The interval window between RT and immunotherapy is a critical determinant of pneumonia incidence. Delaying immunotherapy for more than 7 weeks after RT, or delaying RT for more than 4 weeks after immunotherapy, can significantly reduce the risk of radiation-related pneumonia.

Objective:To construct a medical quality evaluation index system for inpatients in public hospitals based on the life cycle theory,starting from the entire process of medical treatment.Method:A comprehensive study was conducted on the screening of medical quality evaluation indicators for hospitalized patients using literature analysis,key informant interviews,and expert inquiry methods.Results:The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation was 100%,with high enthusiasm from the experts.The authority coefficient was above 0.7,and Kendall's W coordination coefficient was 0.267(P＜0.05).The evaluation indicators for medical quality of hospitalized patients,including 3 primary indicators,10 secondary indicators,and 51 tertiary indicators,were determined.Conclusions:The medical quality evaluation index system for inpatients in public hospitals based on the life cycle theory has certain scientificity and reliability.However,the weight analysis of the index system has not been carried out and is still in the theoretical exploration stage.Further empirical research is needed for verification and improvement.

Objective:To investigate the impact of chromate exposure on pulmonary function indices in occupational populations and explore the potential role of alterations in inflammatory indicators in this process.Methods:In July 2024, A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using occupational health examination data of 30875 workers from chromate-related enterprises in Jiangsu Province in 2020 and 2021. Based on the occupational positions and whether there is chromium acid salt exposure in the occupational hazards of the research subjects over the years, they are divided into chromium acid salt exposure group and non-exposure group. For those exposed to chromium acid salts, based on job position descriptions and duration of chromium acid salt exposure, they are further categorized into intermittent exposure group and continuous exposure group; among them, the actual exposure time in the intermittent exposure group is less than half of the working shift time, and the exposure duration is less than the total working life. Pulmonary function test indicators include forced vital capacity (forced vital capacity, FVC) %, first-second forced expiratory volume (forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV 1.0) %, and the ratio of first-second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity (FEV 1.0/FVC) %. Peripheral blood samples from the upper limbs of the research subjects were collected on an empty stomach for routine blood tests, selecting neutrophil count, platelet count, and lymphocyte count results, calculating the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Quantitative data that meet normal distribution are expressed using Mean±SD, while variables that do not meet normal distribution are represented by M ( Q1, Q3). Categorical data are expressed using frequency or proportion (%). Linear variable comparisons between groups use t-tests. Generalized linear models were employed to assess the correlation between chromate exposure and pulmonary function indices, while mixed regression models were utilized to explore potential underlying effects. Results:Compared with the non-exposed group, the pulmonary function indices FVC (%), FEV 1.0/FVC (%), and FEV 1.0 (%) in the chromate-exposed group showed a decreasing trend ( P<0.01), indicating statistically significant differences. As the frequency of chromate exposure increased, the prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction rose. The prevalence rates of obstructive, restrictive, and mixed respiratory dysfunction among the chromate-exposed population (including intermittent exposure and continuous exposure groups) were 0.26%, 4.67%, and 0.12%, which were higher than those in the non-exposed group (0.09%, 0.84%, and 0.07%, respectively). All these differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After stratification by gender, a negative correlation was observed between chromate exposure and the inflammatory indicator platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) ( P<0.05). Potential effect analysis revealed that PLR played a certain mediating role between chromate exposure and the decline in pulmonary function indices, with a mediating proportion of 2.2%. Conclusion:Chromate exposure in occupational populations may lead to a decline in pulmonary ventilatory function and alterations in peripheral blood inflammatory indicators. Inflammatory indicators may be involved in the pulmonary function decline caused by chromate exposure.

Objective:By systematically evaluate the implementation of GBZ 2.1, so as to provide technical basis for the future revisions of this standard.Methods:From May to October 2023, Based on the pre survey questionnaire, the semi-structured interview method was used to interviews with experts from CDC, Occupational disease prevention and control hospital institutes, employers, occupational hygiene technical service intermediaries and universities, and the inductive method was used to extract the topics and relevant suggestions.Results:Generally, GBZ 2.1 is scientific, practical, progressiveness and operable. There are still some issues such as OELs overlapping and the correspondence between Chinese and English names. The outstanding problem is the coordination with other standard contents.Conclusion:The technical indicators in GBZ 2.1 could adapt to the needs of current practical work. The coordination between standards needs to be clarified, and the new recommended content needs further promotion and exploration on how to implement it.