BACKGROUND:Stand-alone oblique lateral interbody fusion has a high rate of complications of fusion segment sink.Oblique lateral interbody fusion with posterior fixation can provide stable support,but intraoperative position changes and double incisions weaken the advantages of this technique.Oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with lateral plate fixation can achieve one-stage decompression in the same incision,while the lateral internal fixation provides stable support. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the short-term efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with lateral plate fixation in the treatment of single-level lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS:The clinical data of 34 patients with single-level lumbar degenerative disease treated with oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with lateral plate fixation were collected from May 2020 to October 2022.Among them,14 were males and 20 were females aged from 41 to 72 years at the mean age of(58.6±9.9)years.There were 11 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis(Ⅰ°),7 cases of lumbar disc herniation with segmental instability,and 16 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis.Operation time,blood loss,and complications were recorded.Visual analog scale scores of lumbago,radiative pain of both lower limbs,and Oswestry disability index scores were evaluated before surgery,3 months after surgery,and the last follow-up.Dural sac cross-sectional area,intervertebral height,and intervertebral fusion were measured and observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The 34 patients were followed up for 14-36 months,with an average of(21.3±5.2)months.(2)The operation time ranged from 50 to 92 minutes,with an average of(68.5±11.1)minutes.Intraoperative blood loss was 50-170 mL,with an average of(71.6±25.3)mL.(3)Compared with the preoperative results,the visual analog scale scores and Oswestry disability index scores were significantly decreased at 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up(P<0.001),and the maximum Oswestry disability index scores were improved by nearly 50％.(4)Bone fusion was achieved in all patients during half-year follow-up.The overall complication rate was 21％(7/34),including 1 case of plate displacement,3 cases of cage subsidence,1 case of psoas weakness,and 2 cases of anterior thigh pain.(5)It is concluded that oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with lateral plate fixation for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases has the characteristics of less blood loss,short operation time,rapid postoperative recovery,and significant short-term clinical efficacy with the stable support to a certain extent.The long-term curative effect needs further follow-up observation.

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS)on myopia in adolescents, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical application.METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 560 myopic children(560 eyes)aged 8-13 years who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected as research subjects, of whom 180 cases(180 eyes)were enrolled in the DIMS group. The orthokeratology(OK lens)group consisted of 182 patients(182 eyes), and the single vision(SV)group consisted of 198 patients(198 eyes). The changes of the spherical equivalent and axial length in the three groups were observed after 1 and 2 a respectively. The myopia degree(group A: spherical equivalent ≥-3.00 D and group B: -6.00 D≤ spherical equivalent <-3.00 D), and age(group Ⅰ: 8-10 years old and group Ⅱ: 11-13 years old)were grouped to further analyze the effect of myopia degree and age on treatment effect.RESULTS: At 1 and 2 a after wearing lenses, the spherical equivalent in the DIMS and SV groups was statistically significant(all P<0.05); there was statistical significance in the axial length among the DIMS, OK and SV groups(F=21.791, 3.576, all P<0.05). At 1 and 2 a after wearing lenses, there was statistical significance in the changes of spherical equivalent in both the DIMS and SV groups of the groups A and B(all P<0.05); and there was statistical significance in axial length growth of the DIMS, OK and SV groups(all P<0.05). At 1 and 2 a after wearing lenses, there was statistical significance in the changes of spherical equivalent in the DIMS and SV groups of the groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ(all P<0.01); in the group Ⅰ, there was statistical significance in the comparison of axial length growth in the DIMS, OK and SV groups(all P<0.05); in the group Ⅱ, there was no statistical significance in the changes of axial length in the DIMS and OK groups. The efficacy of DIMS and OK in the prevention and treatment of myopia was comparable, and the myopia progression was delayed, and the efficacy was enhanced in those older adolescents wearing DIMS.CONCLUSION: Compared with SV lens, DIMS and OK lenses effectively slow down the myopia progression in adolescents. The overall myopia control effect of DIMS is slightly inferior to that of OK lens. However, with the increase of age and the degree of refractive error, the delaying effect of DIMS on myopia progression is enhanced.

Myelin formation is considered the last true "invention" in the evolution of vertebrate nervous system cell structure. The rapid jumping pulse propagation achieved by myelin enables the high conduction speed that is the basis of human movement, sensation, and cognitive function. As a key structure in the brain, white matter is the gathering place of myelin. However, with age, white matter-associated functions become abnormal and a large number of myelin sheaths undergo degenerative changes, causing serious neurological and cognitive disorders. Despite the extensive time and effort invested in exploring myelination and its functions, numerous unresolved issues and challenges persist. In-depth exploration of the functional role of myelin may bring new inspiration for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and even mental illnesses. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the structure and key molecules of the myelin in the CNS, delving into its formation process. Specifically, we propose a new hypothesis regarding the source of power for myelin expansion in which membrane compaction may serve as a driving force for myelin extension. The implications of this hypothesis could provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of diseases involving myelin malfunction and open new avenues for therapeutic intervention in myelin-related disorders.
Myelin Sheath/metabolism* ; Humans ; Central Nervous System/metabolism* ; Animals

Objective:To investigate the interventional effect of Rhizoma Corydalis on mice with ulcerative colitis(UC)induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS),as well as the potential mechanism of Rhizoma Corydalis in the treatment of UC based on metabolomics and inflammation biomarkers.Methods:A mouse model of UC was established,and then the mice were divided into model group,high-dose group(1.517 g/kg crude drug),middle-dose group(0.986 g/kg crude drug),low-dose group(0.455 g/kg crude drug),and positive drug group(5-aminosalicylic acid at a dose of 718.8 mg/kg),while the mice without modeling were selected as normal group(0.9%NaCl by gavage).The mice in each group were administered for 7 consecutive days,and phenotypic parameters were dynamically moni-tored,such as body weight change,disease activity index(DAI),mean daily food intake,and daily water intake.The mice were sacri-ficed after 7 days to collect serum and colon tissue samples;ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of the proinflammatory fac-tors interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-17A(IL-17A),C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was used to perform the non-targeted metabolomics analysis and compare the differences in se-rum metabolite profiles between groups.The mice were selected for modeling and validation with the same method,and glutathione(GSH)was selected as the positive drug.Colon length and mucosal damage were assessed,and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the relative mRNA expression levels of the key genes in the glutathione synthesis pathway(γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase[γ-GCS]and oxidative stress regulators yap1p and skn7)and mito-chondrial GSH transporter protein(Slc25a39)in colonic tissue.Results:Rhizoma Corydalis significantly improved weight loss,DAI,and colon length in a dose-dependent manner in the model animals,and there were reductions in the serum levels of IL-6,CRP,and TNF-α,while it had no significant effect on IL-17A.The metabolomics analysis revealed 21 potential biomarkers associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism,which were significantly regulated by Rhizoma Corydalis.In the verification experiment,both Rhi-zoma Corydalis and GSH exerted a significant protective effect against colonic mucosal damage without affecting colon length.Rhizoma Corydalis upregulated the expression of genes associated with glutathione synthesis,especially γ-GCS,suggesting that Rhizoma Co-rydalis could enhance intestinal antioxidant defenses.Conclusion:Rhizoma Corydalis has a therapeutic potential in a mouse model of DSS-induced UC and can alleviate symptoms,reduce the serum levels of inflammatory markers,and regulate metabolic pathways,and upregulation of the genes associated with glutathione synthesis suggests that the drug can enhance intestinal antioxidant defenses.

In recent years, the relationship between intestinal flora dysbiosis and abnormal bile acid metabolism and anxiety has received widespread attention. This article discussed the biological mechanism of the pathogenesis of anxiety from the perspective of intestinal flora and bile acid metabolism, in order to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the TCM prevention and treatment of anxiety. According to TCM, spleen and stomach belong to earth, liver and gallbladder belong to wood, when spleen qi is healthy, the normal distribution of water and grain essence can be achieved, so that the liver can be nourished, qi and blood is sufficient, and its excretory function is normal, and the bile is sufficient. Once the spleen is not healthy, the distribution of water and grain essence is good, affecting the metabolism of fluids, resulting in phlegm and dampness, the qi is not smooth, can affect the liver's excretory function; liver and wood depression for a long time, transgressing the spleen and earth, qi and blood lack of biochemical sources, the formation of soil congestion and wood depression of the pathological phenomenon will appear. From the viewpoint of modern medicine and molecular biology, changes in the structure of intestinal flora affect the organism through neurological, endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways, which is consistent with the pathogenesis of "congestion of the earth"; disorders in the metabolism of bile acids can lead to changes in neurotransmitters and synaptic structure in the brain, causing anxiety symptoms, which is consistent with the characteristics of "wood depression". The bile acid metabolism disorder can cause neurotransmitter and synaptic structure changes in the brain, causing anxiety symptoms, which is consistent with the characteristics of "wood depression". It is important to regulate the intestinal flora and bile acid metabolism pathway to ease the liver and strengthen the spleen to improve anxiety.

Objective To identify potential drug target genes associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)and predict therapeutic candidates using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach across the druggable genome.Methods Druggable genome data from the DGIdb database and Finan were integrated to identify overlapping genes.A two-sample MR analysis was performed to infer causal relationships between genes and IPF.Functional enrichment analyses,including Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG),were conducted to explore biological pathways.Drug-target interactions were predicted via DSigDB database screening,followed by molecular docking simulations to evaluate binding affinities.Results Among the 2588 overlapping druggable genes,thirty exhibited significant causal associations with IPF(P＜0.05).Four hub genes(NOD2,LATS2,LTA,and TCF7L2)were enriched in IPF-related pathways,notably Hippo and TNF signaling.Six potential therapeutics were identified:oxyphenbutazone,moexipril,α-galactosylceramide,GSK429286A,CGP74514A,and JW-7-24-1.Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between these drugs and their targets.Conclusion This study has identified thirty druggable gene targets and six candidate drugs for IPF.The enrichment of hub genes in key pathways and validated drug-target interactions provide insights into IPF therapies.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between skeletal muscle mass and metabolic syndrome （MS） disease risk among middle-aged and elderly community residents in Urumqi， and to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and MS among middle-aged and elderly community residents in China. MethodsA total of 1 438 community residents ≥ 50 years old were selected as the research subjects from July 2018 to January 2019 in Urumqi. They were selected from a multi-ethnic natural population cohort in Xinjiang. Data were collected through questionnaires， physical examination， bioelectrical impedance analysis （BIA）， laboratory tests， etc. Skeletal muscle mass was evaluated using the limb skeletal muscle mass index （SMI） corrected for body weight； MS was defined as it at least includes three of the following： abdominal obesity， hypertension， hyperglycemia， high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. SMI was divided into four quantile arrays of Q₁‒Q₄. Trend χ² test was applied to explore whether there was a correlation between SMI changes and MS. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze whether there is a difference in the risk of MS between the higher SMI group （Q₂， Q₃， Q₄） and the reference group Q₁. ResultA total of 560 MS patients were detected in this study， with a prevalence rate of 38.94%. Among them， the prevalence rate of MS was 39.16% in males and 38.80% in females. The increase in male SMI grading level is not correlated with the prevalence of MS （trend P>0.05）； After adjusting for confounding factors （model 4）， the increase in SMI was still not related to the prevalence of MS （P_trend=0.995）. There was no statistical difference in the risk of MS between the lowest quartile group Q₁ and the highest quartile group Q₄ （OR=1.01， 95%CI： 0.69‒1.78）. The prevalence of MS in women gradually decreased with the increase of SMI grading level （P_trend<0.001）； After adjusting for confounding factors （model 4）， there was still a correlation between the increase of SMI and the prevalence of MS （P_trend=0.005）. With the lowest quartile of SMI Q₁ as the reference group， the risk of MS in Q₂ （OR=0.63， 95%CI： 0.40‒1.00）， Q₃ （OR=0.56， 95%CI： 0.34‒0.94）， Q₄ （OR=0.42， 95%CI： 0.23‒0.76） decreased. ConclusionAn increase in skeletal muscle mass may be beneficial for preventing MS， especially among middle-aged and elderly female residents. Considering the intensification of aging in China and the close relationship between MS and related comorbidities， managing skeletal muscle mass may contribute to potential MS prevention.

BACKGROUND:Animal models of diabetic encephalopathy that have been studied mainly include streptozotocin-induced model,high-sugar and high-fat diet-induced model and spontaneous animal model.Establishing a simple,easy,short-cycle,safe and effective model of diabetic encephalopathy can help to explore the subsequent pathogenesis and screen therapeutic drugs. OBJECTIVE:To further explore and evaluate the method of building diabetic encephalopathy rat models. METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control(n=10)and model(n=10)groups.Rats in the model group were given a single injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin in the left lower abdominal cavity,and those in the control group were given the same amount of citrate buffer.During the experiment,the body mass,feed intake,water intake and blood glucose were measured.After 8 weeks,the glucose tolerance and oxidative stress levels were measured,and the pathological changes of brain tissue and the expression of apoptotic proteins were compared between groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the food intake,water intake,encephalization quotient,blood glucose and area under the blood glucose curve were significantly increased in the model group,while the body mass decreased significantly(P<0.01).Histopathological examination of the brain showed that compared with the control group,the number of surviving nerve cells was significantly reduced in the model group(P<0.01),with more significant pathological damage of nerve cells.Compared with the control group,the activities of serum superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione in the model group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the content of oxidative malondialdehyde was significantly increased(P<0.05).The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Caspase-3 in brain tissue increased in the model group compared with the control group,while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased(P<0.01).In conclusion,an 8-week injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin can cause obvious pathological damage to the brain tissue of diabetic rats,to successfully establish the rat model of diabetic encephalopathy.

Objective To report and analyze the clinical characteristics of kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)combined with novel coronavirus Omicron variant strain infection of novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2),and to investigate the possible factors affecting the serum creatinine change.Methods The patients under-going allogeneic kidney transplantation and complicating Omicron variant strain infection in this hospital from October 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively observed.Their clinical data,basic complications and prognosis,etc.were collected and analyzed.The possible factors affecting the serum creatinine change were an-alyzed.Results Among the 114 cases of KTRs combined with Omicron variant strain infection included in this study,there were 90 cases(78.9％)in the home management group(group A),18 cases(15.8％)in the non-intensive isolation ward group(group B)and 6 cases(5.3％)in the ICU group(group C).The most common symptoms were in turn fever(90.4％),fatigue(65.8％)and cough(61.4％),the clinical manifesta-tions were mainly upper respiratory tract infection symptoms.The overall mortality rate was 2.6％(3/114),moreover the dead patients all were in the group C.The number of basic comorbidities in the group C was higher than that in the group B and group A(P＜0.05).The patients were re-divided into 33 cases(28.9％)in the creatinine increase group(group D),71 cases(62.3％)in the creatinine unchange group(group E)and 10 cases(8.8％)in the creatinine decrease group(group F).The patients in the F group were the patients with mild and moderate Omicron variant strain infection in the group A,and a larger proportions of the pa-tients in the group D and group F discontinued or reduced the calcineurin inhibitor(CNI)type drugs than in the group E.Conclusion The hazard of Omicron variant strains to KTRs has been greatly reduced compared with previous other variant strains.Realizing the immune balance between anti-infection and anti-rejection is the effective measure for preventing renal function damage in KTRs.

Functionalized nanomaterials combined and immobilized with recognition elements to construct biosensing interfaces are the core aspects of biosensor detection. By interfacially modifying functionalized nanomaterials with different properties, structures and morphologies, the application scope of nanomaterials can be expanded, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), noble metal particles, magnetic materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), carbon-group materials, and conductive polymers. Based on these novel nanomaterials, a variety of biosensors with excellent performance have been developed. In this review paper, the types of functionalized nanocomposites and their progress in the application of constructed biosensors were summerized.