Pinellia ternata， belonging to the Pinellia genus within the Araceae family， is a medicinal plant due to its tubers. There are severe issues with unclear germplasm and mixed varieties in its cultivation， necessitating urgent new variety protection efforts. The distinctness， uniformity， and stability （DUS） testing of the plant variety is the basis for protecting new plant varieties， and the DUS test guidelines are the technical basis for DUS testing. To develop the DUS test guidelines for P. ternata， agronomic traits of 229 germplasm of P. ternata were observed and measured during its two growth stages over the years， and each character was graded and described. A total of 38 traits were selected as the test traits of the DUS test guideline for P. ternata. There were three plant traits， 19 leaf traits， six flower traits， two fruit traits， two tuber traits， five bulbil traits， and one ploidy trait. These traits could be divided into 22 quality characters， 12 quantitative characters， and four pseudo-quantitative characters， as well as seven groups， including plants， leaves， flowers， fruit， tubers， bulbils， and ploidy. By searching for standard traits， 10 standard varieties were ultimately determined. Preparing these guidelines will have great significance for reviewing and protecting P. ternata varieties， safeguarding breeders' rights， and promoting the development of the P. ternata industry.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, remains a significant clinical challenge despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy, with drug resistance persisting as a major obstacle. Palmitoylation, a critical post-translational modification (PTM) primarily catalyzed by palmitoyltransferases of the zinc finger DHHC-type (ZDHHC), has recently demonstrated important implications in NSCLC. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical potential of ZDHHC-mediated protein palmitoylation in NSCLC progression and immune escape.
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Humans ; Lipoylation ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Acyltransferases/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Animals

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to account for the progression, metastasis, and recurrence of diverse malignancies. However, the disorganized vasculars in tumors hinder the accumulation and penetration of nanomedicines, posing a challenge in eliminating CSCs located distantly from blood vessels. Herein, a pair of twin-like small-sized nanoparticles, sunitinib (St)-loaded ROS responsive micelles (RM@St) and salinomycin (SAL)-loaded GSH responsive micelles (GM@SAL), are developed to normalize disordered tumor vessels and eradicate CSCs. RM@St releases sunitinib in response to the abundant ROS in the tumor extracellular microenvironment for tumor vessel normalization, which improved intratumor accumulation and homogeneous distribution of small-sized GM@SAL. Sequentially, GM@SAL effectively accesses CSCs and achieves reduction-responsive drug release at high GSH concentrations within CSCs. More importantly, RM@St significantly extends the window of vessel normalization and enhances vessel integrity compared to free sunitinib, thus further amplifying the anti-tumor effect of GM@SAL. The combination therapy of RM@St plus GM@SAL produces considerable depression of tumor growth, drastically reducing CSCs fractions to 5.6% and resulting in 78.4% inhibition of lung metastasis. This study offers novel insights into rational nanomedicines designed for superior therapeutic effects by vascular normalization and anti-CSCs therapy.

(±)-Talapyrones A-F (1-6), six pairs of dimeric polyketide enantiomers featuring unusual 6/6/6 and 6/6/6/5 ring systems, were isolated from the fungus Talaromyces adpressus. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and HR-ESI-MS data, and their absolute configurations were elucidated using a modified Mosher's method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. (±)-Talapyrones A-F (1-6) possess a 6/6/6 tricyclic skeleton, presumably formed through a Michael addition reaction between one molecule of α-pyrone derivative and one molecule of C₈ poly-β-keto chain. In addition, compounds 2/3 and 4/5 are two pairs of C-18 epimers, respectively. Putative biosynthetic pathways of 1-6 were discussed.
Polyketides/isolation & purification* ; Talaromyces/chemistry* ; Stereoisomerism ; Molecular Structure ; Circular Dichroism ; Pyrones/chemistry*

In cardiac ablation procedures,the accuracy of catheter positioning determines the authenticity of the cardiac model and the accuracy of the ablation target.This article reviews the literature on catheter positioning in electrophysiology and summarizes the key technologies for catheter positioning,such as magnetic-electric fusion and interference suppression.Addressing the limitations of electric and magnetic positioning individually,the paper elaborates on the rationale for catheter positioning technology based on magnetic-electric fusion.It also outlines the framework of a complex catheter positioning system.Specifically,the magnetoelectric conversion matrix is established first,followed by the optimization of the catheter shape.The interference factors such as magnetic field interference,body movement,respiration,and heartbeat in catheter positioning and their suppression methods are analyzed and discussed in detail.Finally,the development trend of three-dimensional electrophysiology catheter positioning technology is prospected,offering feasible insights for the research on catheter positioning technology based on magnetic-electric fusion.

Objective:To explore the genetic etiology of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality cases and summarize their clinical characteristics.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. The study population consisted of 234 children who died within 7 d after admitted to the PICU of Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from January 2017 to December 2021. The clinical diagnoses, laboratory test results, and genetic testing results were collected. These patients were divided into the pathogenic gene variation positive (PGVP) group and the pathogenic gene variation negative (PGVN) group according to the results of genetic testing. The Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson′s chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method were used to compare the clinical characteristics between the groups. Results:A total of 234 cases were enrolled, including 139 (59.4%) males and 95 (40.6%) females. The age at death was 1.0 (0.4, 3.7) years old and the length of PICU stay was 16 (6, 33) days. There were 62 cases (26.5%) PGVP, and the mutated pathogenic genes included immune genes (23 cases (37.1%)), metabolic genes (11 cases (17.7%)), neuromuscular genes (11 cases (17.7%)), cardiovascular genes (4 cases (6.5%)), and genes of other systems (13 cases (21.0%)). The age at death in PGVP cases was significantly lower than in PGVN cases (0.6 (0.3, 1.4) vs. 1.3(0.5, 4.3) years old, Z=3.85, P<0.001). Compared with the PGVN group, the PGVP group had a higher incidence of family history and chronic complex conditions (CCC) than the PGVN group (6.5% (4/62) vs. 0.6% (1/172) and 93.5% (58/62) vs. 76.2% (131/172), χ2=8.87, P=0.018 and 0.003, respectively). Children in the PGVP group were admitted with higher incidence of severe infection, decreased consciousness or coma, moderate-to-severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, protracted diarrhea, and abnormalities in muscle strength or tone than those in the PGVN group (74.2%(46/62) vs. 45.9%(79/172), 50.0%(31/62) vs. 35.5%(61/172), 32.3%(20/62) vs. 18.0%(31/172), 21.0%(13/62) vs. 10.5%(18/172), 25.8%(16/62) vs. 4.1%(7/172), 16.1%(10/62) vs. 5.2%(9/172), χ2=14.63, 4.04, 5.41, 4.37, 24.30, 7.25, all P<0.05). Pathogenic genes that occurred more than twice included IL2RG (5 cases), SMN1 (4 cases), and SH2D1A (3 cases, including 2 single gene varients and 1 copy number varient). Conclusions:Among the deceased cases in the PICU, the main genetic causes are immune-related, metabolic, and neuromuscular genetic disorders. Critically ill children with a family history, CCC, and early features such as severe infections, decreased consciousness or coma, moderate to severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, protracted diarrhea, or abnormalities in muscle strength or tone should be closely monitored and undergo early genetic testing.

Objective:To discuss the effect of downregulating microRNA-208a(miR-208a)on the resistance of the colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),and to clarify its related molecular mechanism.Methods:Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of miR-208a and secreted frizzled-related protein 1(SFRP1)mRNA in the 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cell line HT-29/5-FU and its parent HT-29 cells.The HT-29/5-FU cells were transfected with miR-208a inhibitor plasmid and its negative control plasmid(inhibitor-NC),and SFRP1 small interfering RNA(si-SFRP1)and its negative control plasmid(si-NC),either separately or in combination,followed by treatment with 5-FU.The cells were divided into inhibitor-NC group,miR-208a inhibitor group,miR-208a inhibitor+si-NC group,and miR-208a inhibitor+si-SFRP1 group.MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation activities of the cells and the resistance indexes were calculated;Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the apoptotic rates of the cells after treated with different concentrations of 5-FU;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of SFRP1,β-catenin,P-glycoprotein(P-gp),and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1)proteins in the cells in various groups;dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate the targeting relationship between miR-208a and SFRP1.Results:Compared with HT-29 cells,the expression level of miR-208a in the HT-29/5-FU cells was increased(P＜0.05),and the expression level of SFRP1 mRNA was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with inhibitor-NC group,the proliferation activity of the cells in miR-208a inhibitor group was decreased(P＜0.05),the resistance index was decreased,the apoptotic rate was increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of β-catenin,P-gp,and ABCB1 proteins in the cells were decreased(P＜0.05).The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay results showed that SFRP1 was a target gene of miR-208a and miR-208a could negatively regulate the expression of SFRP1.Compared with miR-208a inhibitor+si-NC group,the proliferation activity of the cells in miR-208a inhibitor+si-SFRP1 group was increased(P＜0.05),the resistance index was increased,the apoptotic rate was decreased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of β-catenin,P-gp,and ABCB1 proteins in the cells were increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Downregulation of miR-208a can improve the resistance of the HT-29/5-FU cells to 5-FU by targeting and upregulating the SFRP1 expression,thereby inhibiting the transmission of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Objective:To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) characteristic spectrum of Radix Actinidiae Chinensis decoction pieces, standard decoction and formula granules; To simultaneously determine the contents of index components; To study the transfer law of formula granules based on the extraction amount, content of Catechin and characteristic spectrum of standard decoction.Methods:15 batches of Radix Actinidiae Chinensis decoction pieces were collected, the standard decoction was prepared, and the extraction amount was measured. The HPLC fingerprints of decoction pieces, standard decoction and formula granules were established, and the characteristic peaks were calibrated and attributed. The content of Catechins in decoction pieces, standard decoction and formula granules was measured, and the transfer rate law was calculated. The yield rate, the common peak transmission number of fingerprints, the content and the transfer rate were the main evaluation indexes, and the law of the transmission of the magnitude value was analyzed.Results:The paste yield of 15 batches of Radix Actinidiae Chinensis standard decoction ranged from 3.9%-6.3%. A total of 4 characteristic peaks were calibrated in the feature map, and peak 2 was identified as Protocatechuic acid and peak 4 as Catechin; 6 characteristic peaks were detected in Actinidia chinensis Planchon decoction pieces, standard decoction and formula granules, and their relative retention times were all within the specified range. The content of Catechins in Radix Actinidiae Chinensis decoction pieces was 0.4%-1.4%, which was 3.8%-4.9% in formula granules. The transfer rate of decoction pieces-standard decoction was 13.6%-38.3%, and the decoction-formula granules was 15.5%-21.2%.Conclusions:The mass transfer between Radix Actinidiae Chinensis decoction pieces, standard decoction and formula granules has a good migration. The formula granules also have a good correlation and consistency with the standard decoction, which indicating that the preparation process of Radix Actinidiae Chinensis is reasonable and feasible.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms by which Pinggan Yishen Decoction(PGYSD)contributes to alleviating target organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats.METHODS The chemical components of PGYSD were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)and were analyzed by target a-nalysis and functional enrichment combined with network pharmacology methods to predict the potential mechanism of PGYSD in trea-ting hypertension and its target organ damage.Spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into the model group,low-dose PGYSD group(2 g·kg-1),high-dose PGYSD group(5 g·kg-1),and valsartan group(7.2 mg·kg-1),with 6 rats in each group.Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as the control group,and the control group and the model group were gavaged with normal saline for 8 consecutive weeks.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological damage and fibrosis degree of rat heart and tho-racic aorta.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression level of EGFR in the heart,liver and kidney of rats.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the co-localization of EGFR and EEA1 in the heart,liver and kidney of rats.RESULTS Twenty-six components of PGYSD were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.Network pharmacology revealed that EG-FR,PIK3R1 and EP300 may be key therapeutic targets of action of PGYSD for the treatment of hypertension and its target organ dam-age,and that the treatment of hypertension and its target organ damage by PGYSD may be closely related to EGFR tyrosine kinase in-hibitor resistance,lipids and atherosclerosis and HIF-1 signaling pathway.The high-dose group of PGYSD significantly reduced sys-tolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure in rats(P<0.05,P<0.01),attenuated pathological damage and fibrosis in the heart and thoracic aorta(P<0.01,P<0.001),significantly reduced the expression level of EGFR in the liver and kidney of rats(P<0.01),and treated fibrosis in liver and kidney,reduced the co-localization of EGFR and EEA1 in the kidney of rats(P<0.001),attenuated fibro-sis in kidney.CONCLUSION The paper integrates UPLC-Q-TOF/MS,network pharmacology and spontaneously hypertensive rat model and preliminarily explores the effect mechanism of PGYSD in the treatment of hypertension and its target organ damage,provi-ding a scientific basis for further mechanism research and clinical application of PGYSD in the treatment of hypertension.

Tumor cells use glycolysis to provide material and energy under hypoxic conditions to meet the energy requirements for rapid growth and proliferation， namely the Warburg effect. Even under aerobic conditions， tumor cells mainly rely on glycolysis to provide energy. Therefore， glucose transporter protein 1（GLUT1）， which is involved in the process of glucose metabolism， plays an important role in tumorigenesis， development and drug resistance， and is considered to be one of the important targets in the treatment of malignant tumors. In recent years， research on tumor glucose metabolism has gradually become a hot spot. It has been shown that various factors are involved in the regulation of tumor energy metabolism， among which the role of GLUT1 is the most critical. In this paper， the authors reviewed the latest research progress of GLUT1-targeted traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） active ingredient nano-delivery system in tumor therapy， aiming to reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of this system in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. The GLUT1-targeted TCM active ingredient nano-delivery system can overcome the bottleneck of the traditional targeting strategy as well as the high-permeability long retention（EPR） effect. In summary， the authors believe that the GLUT1-targeted TCM active ingredient nano-delivery system provides a new strategy for targeted treatment of tumors and has a broad application prospect in tumor prevention and treatment.