Skeletal Class II malocclusion is a common dentofacial deformity in adolescents, primarily characterized by mandibular retrognathism. Functional appliance therapy during the pubertal growth spurt to guide mandibular advancement is considered the gold standard. However, traditional functional appliances are often associated with limitations such as bulkiness, poor esthetics, and soft tissue irritation, which can compromise patient compliance. With advancements in digital orthodontics, clear aligner technology integrated with mandibular advancement (clear aligner mandibular advancement, CAMA) has emerged as a novel strategy for treating adolescent skeletal Class II malocclusion, offering advantages in esthetics and comfort while significantly improving patient compliance. CAMA exhibits multidimensional clinical advantages in adolescent malocclusion correction: ① Its mechanical mechanism based on material viscoelasticity optimizes temporomandibular joint stress distribution and induces physiological condylar remodeling, microscopically manifested as increased trabecular fractal dimensions; ② While ensuring mandibular growth, it effectively controls molar eruption through the "bite block effect," providing an optimal solution for vertical control in high-angle cases, and the enhanced precision wing design significantly improves torque control of lower incisors; ③ It improves oropharyngeal airway morphology and respiratory function, benefiting patients' overall health. Although CAMA holds significant value in treating skeletal Class II malocclusion, current research remains insufficient regarding the specific proportions of skeletal versus dental effects, long-term stability of treatment outcomes, and therapeutic boundaries for severe skeletal discrepancies, with most studies being retrospective or short-term. Future research should prioritize prospective multicenter randomized controlled trials, establish personalized diagnostic and treatment systems integrating artificial intelligence-assisted design and biomechanical simulation, and comprehensively analyze multiple factors including temporomandibular joint adaptability to further enhance the clinical value of CAMA.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of disc morphology and disc-condyle angle on the treatment of anterior repositioning splint (ARS) for anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR). METHODS: On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 11 patients diagnosed with ADDwR were included. The effects of changes in disc length, thickness, and morphology classifications on the clinical symptoms, disc morphology parameters, and disc-condyle angles after ARS treatment were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging and the Helkimo index. RESULTS: After ARS treatment, the Ai and Di of all patients with ADDwR decreased, the disc length increased, and the thickness decreased. The Ai of patients with slight ADDwR and those with type 1 joint discs was reduced to 0, with the most significant decrease observed in Di. The disc length of mild ADDwR (increased to 8.65 mm±1.79 mm) and type 5 disc (increased to 10.71 mm±2.62 mm) significantly increased the most. The disc thickness of slight ADDwR decreased to 3.08 mm±0.51 mm significantly. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effect of ARS is correlated with the displacement degree and morphological features of the disc, providing evidence for clinical treatment decisions.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Conservative Treatment ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/pathology* ; Middle Aged

Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death depends on iron and lipid peroxidation,which has been recognized as the key pathogenic factor for the occurrence of various diseases in recent years,especially playing a significant role in neurodegenerative diseases.Ferroptosis triggers lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in neuronal cells,leading to neuronal damage and death,thereby accelerating disease progression.Hydrogen sulfide,as an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule,exhibits multiple protective effects,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-ferroptosis properties.Hydrogen sulfide can effectively inhibit the occurrence of ferroptosis through various mechanisms,such as regulating iron metabolism,inhibiting lipid peroxidation,and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,thereby slowing down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.This article reviews the related research progress on hydrogen sulfide and ferroptosis and ferroptosis-mediated neurodegenerative diseases,and analyzes the underlying mechanisms,aims to provide new insights and theoretical foundations for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death depends on iron and lipid peroxidation,which has been recognized as the key pathogenic factor for the occurrence of various diseases in recent years,especially playing a significant role in neurodegenerative diseases.Ferroptosis triggers lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in neuronal cells,leading to neuronal damage and death,thereby accelerating disease progression.Hydrogen sulfide,as an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule,exhibits multiple protective effects,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-ferroptosis properties.Hydrogen sulfide can effectively inhibit the occurrence of ferroptosis through various mechanisms,such as regulating iron metabolism,inhibiting lipid peroxidation,and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,thereby slowing down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.This article reviews the related research progress on hydrogen sulfide and ferroptosis and ferroptosis-mediated neurodegenerative diseases,and analyzes the underlying mechanisms,aims to provide new insights and theoretical foundations for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

The interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host, as well as the regulation of some signaling pathways in the host, were involved in pathogen latency in macrophages. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the gene expression and biological functions, indicating that miRNAs played a regulatory role in bacterial infections. However, whether the host's miRNAs were also involved in the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection had not been thoroughly studied. This study infected macrophages with pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv and low virulence strain H37Ra to explore the functional miRNAs. By identifying the expression profile of miRNAs in host cells after infection, the expression of 17 miRNAs significantly changed (P < 0.05) in the human macrophage THP-1 infected with highly pathogenic H37Rv strain (Rv), H37Rv inactivated strain (Rv-), and non-pathogenic H37Ra (Ra) strains respectively, indicating that host miRNAs may be involved in the interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host. Meanwhile, 10 types of miRNAs showed significant differences in cells infected with pathogenic and non-pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting that host miRNAs may play an important role in the pathogenicity and intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further study had found that miR-449a, miR-502-5p, and miR-708 were downregulated in cells infected with Mycobacterium marinum. Overexpression of these three miRNAs displayed the significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Mycobacterium marinum, indicating that miRNAs played a pivotal role in the interaction between the host and Mycobacterium marinum. This study provided the new insights into the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the treatment of tuberculosis.

Objective To summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of infectious diseases of the central nervous system(CNS)by a single-center analysis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1247 cases of CNS infectious diseases diagnosed and treated in the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from 2001 to 2020.Results The data for this group of CNS infectious diseases by disease type in descending order of number of cases were viruses 743(59.6％),Mycobacterium tuberculosis 249(20.0％),other bacteria 150(12.0％),fungi 68(5.5％),parasites 18(1.4％),Treponema pallidum 18(1.4％)and rickettsia 1(0.1％).The number of cases increased by 177 cases(33.1％)in the latter 10 years compared to the previous 10 years(P<0.05).No significant difference in seasonal distribution pattern of data between disease types(P>0.05).Male to female ratio is 1.87︰1,mostly under 60 years of age.Viruses are more likely to infect students,most often at university/college level and above,farmers are overrepresented among bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and more infections of Treponema pallidum in workers.CNS infectious diseases are characterized by fever,headache and signs of meningeal irritation,with the adductor nerve being the more commonly involved cranial nerve.Matagenomic next-generation sequencing improves clinical diagnostic capabilities.The median hospital days for CNS infectious diseases are 18.00(11.00,27.00)and median hospital costs are ￥29,500(￥16,000,￥59,200).The mortality rate from CNS infectious diseases is 1.6％.Conclusions The incidence of CNS infectious diseases is increasing last ten years,with complex clinical presentation,severe symptoms and poor prognosis.Early and accurate diagnosis and standardized clinical treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality rate and ease the burden of disease.

Objective:To analyze the disease burden of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) in China from 1990 to 2019, forecast the disease burden of NIHL from 2020 to 2030, and provide data support for the prevention and control of NIHL.Methods:In July 2022, the disease burden data of NIHL in different age groups and genders in China during 1990-2019 were selected from the GBD database. The Jointpoint regression model was established to analyze the trend of the disease burden of NIHL in China. An age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the changing trend of NIHL in terms of age, period, and cohort, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was developed to predict the disease burden of NIHL in China from 2020 to 2030.Results:From 1990 to 2019, the disability adjusted life year (DALY) of China's NIHL increased from 1361600 to 2327700 years. The coarse rate of DALY increased from 115.03/100000 to 163.65/100000 (AAPC=1.23, P<0.001), and the normalization rate of DALY decreased from 127.67/100000 to 119.83/100000 (AAPC=-0.21, P<0.001). It is predicted that from 2020 to 2030, the DALYs of China's NIHL will increase from 2412900 in 2020 to 2655000 in 2030, and the DALY normalization rate will decrease from 241.29/100000 in 2020 to 125.71/100000 in 2030. Conclusion:The burden of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in China is significant and should not be overlooked. To reduce this burden, we need to focus on strengthening source management, process control, personal protection, and comprehensive prevention and treatment through various methods.

Objective The relationship between parasitic infections and cancer has become a research hotpot.Although reports of single intestinal protozoan infection in gastrointestinal cancer patients,co-infections are rare.To investigate co-infections of intestinal protozoa in gastrointestinal cancer patients.Methods The DNA of 195 fecal specimens was amplified using nested PCR and sequenced for the presence of Pentatrichomonas hominis,Giardia duodenalis,Cryptosporidium parvum,Blastocystis hominis,Dientamoeba fragilis,and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.Results An overall infection rate of 48.72％(95/195),with 23 cases(24.21％)co-infected with two parasites,three cases(3.16％)co-infected with three parasites.Additionally,67 cases(70.52％)were infected with one protozoa,including 56 cases with Pentatrichomonas hominis,one with Blastocystis hominis,nine with Cryptosporidium parvum,and one case with Dientamoeba fragilis.No infection with Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected.Conclusion The results indicated a high rate of intestinal protozoan co-infection among gastrointestinal cancer patients.Through one-way ANOVA analysis,it was observed that cases of individual infection with P.hominis were significantly higher compared to those of co-infection with two or three types of protozoa containing P.hominis(P=0.0022)and cases of co-infection with three types of protozoa(P=0.0019).However,no significant difference in the infection rates was observed between two and three types of protozoa(P=0.2775),suggesting that cases of single infection with P.hominis were higher than cases of co-infection with two or more types of protozoa in gastrointestinal cancer patients.BLAST and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed that gene sequences of different infected protozoa,except for a few with 100％homology to the GenBank reference sequence,exhibited varying degrees of base mutations,insertions,or loss at different loci.This study offers crucial insights for understanding the etiology,diagnosis,and prevention of gastrointestinal cancer.