Humans ; COVID-19/complications* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis* ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use*

Arrhythmia is an external manifestation of cardiac electrophysiological disorder. It exists in healthy people and patients with various heart diseases, which is often associated with other cardiovascular diseases. The contraction and diastole of myocardium are inseparable from the movement of ions. There are many ion channels in the membrane and organelle membrane of myocardium. The dynamic balance of myocardial ions is vital in maintaining myocardial electrical homeostasis. Potassium ion channels that have a complex variety and a wide distribution are involved in the whole process of resting potential and action potential of cardiomyocytes. Potassium ion channels play a vital role in maintaining normal electrophysiological activity of myocardium and is one of the pathogenesis of arrhythmia. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has unique advantages in treating arrhythmia for its complex active components and diverse targets. A large number of TCM preparations have definite effect on treating arrhythmia-related diseases, whose antiarrhythmic mechanism may be related to the effect on potassium channel. This article mainly reviewed the relevant studies on the active components in TCM acting on different potassium channels to provide references for clinical drug use and development.
Humans ; Potassium Channels ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy* ; Heart Diseases/drug therapy* ; Ions

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an arrhythmogenic disease associated with an increased risk of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). To date, the standard therapy for the prevention of SCD in BrS is the use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) especially in patients who have experienced a prior cardiac arrest or syncopal events secondary to VF. However, ICDs do not prevent the occurrence of VF but react to defibrillate the VF episode, thereby preventing SCD. Often patients with recurrent VF have to be maintained on antiarrhythmic drugs that are effective but have remarkable adverse effects. An alternative therapy for BrS with recurrent VF is catheter ablation which emerged as an effective therapy in eliminating VF-triggering premature ventricular complexes in limited case series; however, there has been a remarkable progress in effectiveness of catheter ablation since epicardial substrate ablation was first applied in 2011 and such approach is now widely applicable.
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Brugada Syndrome ; Catheter Ablation ; Catheters ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Defibrillators, Implantable ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

Adenosine Monophosphate ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Alanine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; statistics & numerical data ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Sampling Studies ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Singapore ; Treatment Outcome

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is predominantly an inherited cardiomyopathy with typical histopathological characteristics of fibro-fatty infiltration mainly involving the right ventricular (RV) inflow tract, RV outflow tract, and RV apex in the majority of patients. The above pathologic evolution frequently brings patients with ARVD/C to medical attention owing to the manifestation of syncope, sudden cardiac death (SCD), ventricular arrhythmogenesis, or heart failure. To prevent future or recurrent SCD, an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) is highly desirable in patients with ARVD/C who had experienced unexplained syncope, hemodynamically intolerable ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation, and/or aborted SCD. Notably, the management of frequent ventricular tachyarrhythmias in ARVD/C is challenging, and the use of antiarrhythmic drugs could be unsatisfactory or limited by the unfavorable side effects. Therefore, radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has been implemented to treat the drug-refractory VT in ARVD/C for decades. However, the initial understanding of the link between fibro-fatty pathogenesis and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in ARVD/C is scarce, the efficacy and prognosis of endocardial RFCA alone were limited and disappointing. The electrophysiologists had broken through this frontier after better illustration of epicardial substrates and broadly application of epicardial approaches in ARVD/C. In recent works of literature, the application of epicardial ablation also successfully results in higher procedural success and decreases VT recurrences in patients with ARVD/C who are refractory to the endocardial approach during long-term follow-up. In this article, we review the important evolution on the delineation of arrhythmogenic substrates, ablation strategies, and ablation outcome of VT in patients with ARVD/C.
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; Cardiomyopathies ; Catheter Ablation ; Catheters ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Defibrillators ; Epicardial Mapping ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Syncope ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Ventricular Fibrillation

We are presenting the first documented case of amisulpride related ventricular arrhythmia during tracheal intubation and extubation under general anesthesia in an 48 year-old female with psychiatric history of chronic schizophrenia who was treated with amisulpride. This case suggests the threshold of perioperative arrhythmia is possibly decreased in patients with long-term antipsychotic medication. So, the potential risk of antipsychotics-induced perioperative arrhythmia should be evaluated, as well as heart rhythm monitoring, prophylactic use of antiarrhythmic drugs, and preoperative adjustment of antipsychotics should be considered.
Anesthesia, General* ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Schizophrenia

Arrhythmias in the neonatal period are not uncommon, and may occur in neonates with a normal heart or in those with structural heart disease. Neonatal arrhythmias are classified as either benign or nonbenign. Benign arrhythmias include sinus arrhythmia, premature atrial contraction, premature ventricular contraction, and junctional rhythm; these arrhythmias have no clinical significance and do not need therapy. Supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, and genetic arrhythmia such as congenital long-QT syndrome are classified as nonbenign arrhythmias. Although most neonatal arrhythmias are asymptomatic and rarely life-threatening, the prognosis depends on the early recognition and proper management of the condition in some serious cases. Precise diagnosis with risk stratification of patients with nonbenign neonatal arrhythmia is needed to reduce morbidity and mortality. In this article, I review the current understanding of the common clinical presentation, etiology, natural history, and management of neonatal arrhythmias in the absence of an underlying congenital heart disease.
Arrhythmia, Sinus ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atrial Premature Complexes ; Diagnosis* ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mortality ; Natural History ; Prognosis ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

Amiodarone ; therapeutic use ; Aneurysm, False ; diagnosis ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Cardiomyopathies ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

An unusual grayish brown discoloration of the synovium was found during a knee arthroscopy of a 72-year-old man. He also had similar pigmentation affecting the skin on the legs, arms, hands, and face. It was found he had been taking 400 mg of amiodarone hydrochloride daily for last 7 years. Amiodarone is known to cause a slate grey pigmentation of skin and cornea, but we believe this is the first report of amiodarone-induced pigmentation of the synovium. The arthroscopist should be aware of the possibility of drug-related synovial pigmentation and include this in differential diagnosis.
Aged ; Amiodarone/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications/drug therapy ; Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Knee Joint/surgery ; Male ; Pigmentation Disorders/*chemically induced/*diagnosis ; Skin/pathology ; Synovial Membrane/*pathology