ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Yifei Tongluo prescription on the NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/Caspase-1/gasdermin D （GSDMD） pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） in rats with pulmonary fibrosis. MethodsTracheal instillation of bleomycin was conducted to establish a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis. Thirty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a prednisone acetate group （1.17 mg·kg^-1）， and low- and high-dose Yifei Tongluo prescription groups （10.62 and 21.24 g·kg^-1， respectively）. Administration started on the 7th day after modeling， once a day for 28 consecutive days. The lung coefficient of each group was calculated. The pathological changes of lung tissues in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and vimentin in rat lung tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome， E-cadherin （E-cad）， and typeⅠ collagen （ColⅠ） in lung tissues was detected by immunofluorescence. The content of hydroxyproline （HYP）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-18， and IL-1β in rat serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， IL-1β， and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β₁ in rat lung tissues were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of NLRP3， GSDMD， ASC， and Caspase-1 in rat lung tissues were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited a significantly increased lung coefficient （P<0.01） and significantly increased range of pulmonary interstitial inflammation and collagen deposition. In addition， the levels of α-SMA， Vimentin， E-cad， and ColⅠ in lung tissues were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels of fibrosis- and inflammation-related factors HYP， TNF-α， IL-18， and IL-1β in serum were significantly upregulated （P<0.01）. The levels of factors related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in lung tissues， including NLRP3， GSDMD， ASC， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and TGF-β₁， were significantly upregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yifei Tongluo prescription groups showed improved lung coefficients. Additionally， the extent of lung inflammation and collagen deposition was significantly reduced. The expression of α-SMA， Vimentin， E-cad， and ColⅠ in lung tissue was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of HYP， TNF-α， IL-18， and IL-1β in serum were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The expression levels of NLRP3， GSDMD， ASC， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and TGF-β₁ in lung tissue were also significantly decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionYifei Tongluo prescription can regulate the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway， down-regulate release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines， alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and EMT， and thereby improve pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

ObjectiveHyperlipidemia （HLP） is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism and is one of the important risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Its incidence has increased year by year， showing a trend toward younger onset. The overall prevalence of HLP among adults in China is as high as 40.40%. Although existing animal models provide important tools for research on the mechanisms of HLP， they generally show insufficient clinical concordance and lack the combined disease-syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine. This article systematically reviews the research progress of HLP animal models， integrates the clinicopathological characteristics of TCM and Western medicine， and proposes new model construction strategies， aiming to provide an experimental basis for accurately analyzing the pathogenesis of HLP and developing integrated TCM-Western medicine therapies. MethodsBased on literature included in PubMed， CNKI， and Wanfang databases over the past 30 years， the construction methods and evaluation systems of HLP animal models were systematically retrieved and summarized. The concordance of existing animal models was calculated according to the new animal model evaluation method proposed by Professor MIAO Mingsan. ResultsAmong existing Western medicine modeling approaches， genetically modified models showed the highest concordance （72%）， followed by dietary induction （66%） and chemical drug induction （60%）. The dietary induction method is the most widely used in practice because of its simple operation and mature technology. Existing TCM modeling approaches are classified into three types， i.e.， spleen deficiency type， phlegm syndrome type， and liver-kidney yin deficiency type. Among them， the phlegm syndrome type shows a high degree of concordance. However， all three types have the problem of non-objective evaluation indicators and insufficient application of tongue and pulse assessment. ConclusionThe construction of existing HLP disease-syndrome combined animal models is still mainly based on Western medicine modeling methods and lacks adequate reflection of TCM syndromes. In the future， HLP animal models that conform to the clinical disease-syndrome characteristics of both TCM and Western medicine may be constructed through multifactor composite modeling strategies， intelligent tongue image analysis via robot learning， objective pulse detection， the establishment of objective evaluation systems for TCM syndromes through big data computing， and the application of cutting-edge technologies.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Chaiqi yigan granules （CQYG） against liver cancer through the ferroptosis pathway. METHODS Network pharmacology combined with ferroptosis-related database was used to screen key targets and main effective components of CQYG against liver cancer via regulating ferroptosis； molecular docking technology was employed to analyze the binding ability of main active components to key targets. Human liver Huh-7 cells were divided into blank serum control （CON） group， CQYG drug-containing serum （CQYGKL） group， ferroptosis inducer （RSL3） group， mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 （mTORC1） inhibitor （RMC-5552） group， mTORC1 agonist （CCT007093） group， and CCT007093+CQYGKL group. The levels of Fe 2+ ， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and glutathione （GSH） in the cells were detected in the former three groups； mRNA expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 （SREBP1）， and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 （SCD1）， protein expressions of SREBP1 and SCD1 as well as phosphorylation levels of mTOR and ribosomal S6 kinase （S6K） proteins were detected in all groups. RESULTS Key targets of CQYG for anti-liver cancer through the ferroptosis pathway were mTOR， SREBP1， SCD1，etc. The main active components included quercetin， tanshinone Ⅱ A ， baicalein， etc. The binding energies of main active components to key targets were all less than －5 kJ/mol. Compared with CON group， the levels of Fe 2+ and MDA in the cells in CQYGKL group and RSL3 group were significantly increased， while the levels of GSH were significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05）. mRNA expressions of mTOR， SREBP1 and SCD1， protein expressions of SREBP1 and SCD1， as well as the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and S6K proteins were significantly decreased in the CQYGKL group， RSL3 group， and RMC-5552 group， whereas all the above indicators were significantly increased in the CCT007093 group （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with CCT007093 group， the changes in all the above indicators were significantly suppressed in the CCT007093+CQYGKL group （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS CQYG may induce ferroptosis by inhibiting mTORC1/SREBP1/SCD1 axis， thereby exerting anti-liver cancer effects.

Objective:To observe any influence of combining proprioceptive training with core stability training in rehabilitation motor functioning and balance after extensive burns.Methods:Sixty patients with lower limb motor and balance disorders after extensive burns were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, each of 30. Both groups underwent skin grafting on the lower limbs. After the wounds had healed, both groups were given routine rehabilitation treatment, including joint stretching and muscle strength training, but the treatment group was additionally provided with proprioception and core stability training. Before and after 12 weeks of treatment, both groups′ lower limb motor function and walking ability were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (L-FMA), and static and dynamic balance were quantified using Holden Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC). The duration of standing on one leg with the eyes closed was recorded, along with Timed " Up & Go" Test (TUGT) times. After the treatment, each patient′s satisfaction was assessed using a self-designed questionnaire.Results:Significant improvement was observed in the average L- FMA and FAC scores after the treatment, as well as in the ability to stand on one leg with the eyes closed. The average TUGT time in both groups was shorter, but there had been significantly greater improvement of the treatment group than among the controls. Reported satisfaction was significantly higher among the treated group than among the controls.Conclusions:Supplementing basic rehabilitation with proprioception training and core stability training can further improve the motor functioning, balance and walking of persons who have suffered extensive burns.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective:To evaluate the expression of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in renal tissues, and the relationship between TLS and clinicopathological changes and prognosis in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients.Methods:It was a single center retrospective study. The patients with IMN diagnosed by renal biopsy at Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled, and their clinicopathological data were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of TLS in renal tissues. According to whether TLS expression in renal tissues was positive or not, the patients were divided into TLS-positive group and TLS-negative group, and the baseline differences in clinicopathological data between the two groups were compared. The clinical remission included complete remission and partial remission. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody titer and positive TLS expression in renal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were performed to analyze the differences of proteinuria remission rates between TLS-positive and TLS-negative groups. Cox regression analysis was employed to identify the related factors of proteinuria remission. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of TLS in predicting proteinuria remission.Results:A total of 120 IMN patients were included in this study, with age of 50.00 (40.00, 57.75) years and 78 (65.00%) males. The 24-hour urinary protein was (7.54±4.14) g, 89 (74.17%) patients were positive for serum PLA2R antibody, and the serum PLA2R antibody titer was 90.49 (48.88, 155.33) RU/ml. Immunohistochemical results showed that TLS was mainly distributed in the renal cortex glomeruli or around renal blood vessels in renal tissues. There were 43 patients in the TLS-positive group and 77 patients in the TLS-negative group. The positive rate of serum PLA2R antibody in the TLS-positive group was 83.72% (36/43). Compared with the TLS-negative group, the TLS-positive group had lower serum albumin ( t=-3.474, P<0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( Z=-2.076, P=0.045), while serum creatinine ( t=2.006, P=0.028), 24-hour urinary protein ( t=4.140, P<0.001), serum PLA2R antibody titer ( Z=4.628, P=0.001), glomerulosclerosis degree ( Z=2.403, P=0.019), and proportions of hypertension ( χ2=6.511, P=0.011), renal interstitial fibrosis ( χ2=4.088, P=0.043), renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration ( χ2=9.261, P=0.002), tubular atrophy ( χ2=4.936, P=0.026) and extremely high-risk of kidney disease progression ( χ2=9.352, P=0.002) were higher. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum PLA2R antibody titer was an independent factor correlated with positive TLS expression in renal tissues ( OR=1.014, 95% CI 1.007-1.021). The median follow-up time was 18.00 (95% CI 16.07-19.93) months. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the proteinuria remission rate in the TLS-positive group was lower than that in the TLS-negative group (Log-rank χ2=9.339, P=0.002). Cox regression analysis showed that positive TLS expression was an independent factor correlated with proteinuria remission ( HR=0.228, 95% CI 0.177-0.297). ROC curve showed that TLS had a certain clinical predictive value for proteinuria remission ( AUC=0.703, 95% CI 0.608-0.798). Conclusions:IMN patients with positive TLS expression in renal tissues have a lower proteinuria remission rate, more severe pathological damage, and a higher risk of disease progression. TLS is expected to become a pathological marker for predicting the severity and prognosis of IMN.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is a major subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and disability rates.Pyroptosis,a form of programmed cell death,has been identified as a key pathological process in early brain injury.Current research indicates that pyroptosis can occur in neurons,microglia,astrocytes,and cerebral vascular endothelial cells after SAH,leading to neurological dysfunction,brain edema,and disruption of the blood-brain barrier.The NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is regarded as a central regulatory component of pyroptosis,and its activation mechanisms and roles in various cell types have become focal points of research.A variety of therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway have emerged,including NLRP3 inhibitors,Caspase-1 inhibitors,and Gasdermin-D inhibitors.The aforemenetioned approaches all have demonstrated efficacy in animal studies.Additionally,novel technologies such as stem cell therapy,exosome therapy,and gas therapy offer novel intervention approaches for modulating pyroptosis.Although,various therapeutic strategies targeting pyroptosis-related pathways have emerged in recent years,a comprehensive summary remains absent.This article reviewed the advancements in pyroptosis research following SAH and associated treatment strategies,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for subsequent mechanistic studies and clinical translation.

Cancer is a major chronic disease that threatens human health, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique method for cancer prevention and treatment in China. After about 70 years of innovation and development, TCM has made constant progress in areas such as the clinical diagnosis, treatment, evidence-based researches, and mechanism exploration of cancer. It has special advantages in aspects such as reducing toxicity, enhancing treatment efficacy, managing symptoms, accelerating recovery, preventing recurrence and metastasis, and prolonging advanced-stage survival. However, there are still bottlenecks for TCM in cancer care. This paper cuts in the key links between TCM and western medicine in their combined application in cancer prevention and treatment, and take the original TCM theories on cancer as the lead, high-quality evidence-based researches as the drive, and analysis on the dynamic mechanism as the core, to show the advantages and effects of TCM in cancer treatment in an all-round way. It also aims to provide novel strategies for sustainable and innovative development and for formulation of comprehensive schemes that integrate TCM and western medicine for cancer prevention and treatment.

Objective:To investigate whether F.nucleatum affects the chemotherapy resistance of colorectal cancer by regulating ABC subfamily G subtype 2 (ABCG2), in view of the fact that the correlation between the two has not been reported. Methods:Oxaliplatin was used to interfere with colorectal cancer cells and co-cultured with F.nucleatum to establish a chemotherapy-induced model of microbial infection. Calcein AM/PI cell staining, trypan blue staining, and cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) method were used to detect cell activity. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect ABCG2 mRNA and protein expression levels in colorectal cancer cells. The target gene was knocked down by constructing shRNA plasmids. The HCT-116 cell F.nucleatum infection model was constructed and transcriptome sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analyses were performed to determine the differential gene expression enrichment pathways. Genistein (GST) was used as an E-cadherin blocker, and triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZSO) was used as an ABCG2 blocker. Immunofluorescence was used to detect E-cadherin and β-catenin protein expressions and intracellular localization levels. The subcutaneous xenograft model of nude mice was constructed in vivo, and the expression level of ABCG2 protein in tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results:CCK-8 results showed that F. nucleatum+oxaliplatin group [HT-29, (92.26±1.66)%; HCT-116, (82.13±1.84)%] cell relative survival rate was higher than that of oxaliplatin group [HT-29, (79.64±3.72)%; HCT-116, (67.56±2.96)%; P＜0.001]. The relative survival rate of oxaliplatin and F. nucleatum co-culture group with ABCG2-knockdown HCT-116 cells [(61.44±1.48)%] was lower than that of F. nucleatum and oxaliplatin co-cultured with HCT-116 cells [(69.29±4.45)%, P=0.015]. GO enrichment analysis showed that HCT-116 cells co-cultured with F.nucleatum were significantly enriched in "β-catenin binding", "cadherin binding" and "regulation of Wnt signaling pathway". RT-qPCR results showed that the relative expression of ABCG2 mRNA in F.nucleatum + genistein group was significantly lower than that in F.nucleatum group ( P＜0.001). The results in vivo showed that the tumor weight in the F.n+L-OHP+TCBZSO group [(0.12±0.02)g] was lower than that in the F.n+L-OHP group [(0.33±0.05)g, P＜0.001]. Immunohistochemistry suggested that the promotion of ABCG2 protein expression by F. nucleatum was blocked after TCBZSO intervention. Conclusion:F. nucleatum up-regulates ABCG2 expression through E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote colorectal cancer resistance to oxaliplatin.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.