Background: The surgical neck of the humerus is located approximately 2–3 cm distal to the anatomical neck (collum anatomicum) at the junction of the greater and lesser tubercles and the humeral shaft. Owing to the transition between cortical and cancellous bones, this region is biomechanically vulnerable and prone to fractures, particularly in older adults. Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus are classified under the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), with diagnostic codes S42.21.3, S42.22, and S42.23. National statistics indicate that 210,763 new trauma cases were reported in Mongolia in 2023, representing an 11.6% increase compared to the previous year, of which 11,452 cases (5.4%) involved shoulder and humeral injuries. Aim: This study aimed to compare the clinical effects of traditional Mongolian bone-setting therapy and surgical treatment on pain intensity, shoulder function, range of motion, and activities of daily living in patients with surgical neck of the humerus fractures. Materials and Methods: Based on the Department of Traditional Therapies of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS) and the Department of Orthopedic Trauma of the Inner Mongolia International Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, a total of 60 patients diagnosed with surgical neck fractures of the humerus were enrolled in this study between January 2024 and December 2025. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: a Mongolian traditional bone-setting therapy group (n=30) and a surgical treatment group (n=30). Assessments were conducted before treatment and at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. Shoulder joint range of motion, activities of daily living, and muscle strength were evaluated using the Constant–Murley score, while pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The collected data were systematically analyzed, and the therapeutic outcomes of the two treatment modalities were comprehensively compared and summarized. Result: The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the groups. In the traditional bone-setting group, VAS scores decreased significantly, whereas Constant–Murley scores improved markedly at both follow-up points. The overall outcomes in the traditional bone-setting group were significantly better than those in the surgical group (P<0.05). Conclusion Traditional Mongolian bone-setting therapy offers rapid pain relief, superior long-term functional recovery, and fewer complications, making it a valuable treatment option, particularly for elderly patients and those unsuitable for surgery.

Background: Functional constipation is a common condition in early childhood, with an estimated global prevalence of approximately 3%. In Mongolia, functional constipation has been increasingly diagnosed among young children, particularly those aged 2–6 years. The condition is associated with abdominal pain, bloating, painful defecation, stool retention behaviors, and long-term physical and psychological complications. Although pediatric Tuina massage is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a non-pharmacological intervention, evidence regarding its effectiveness remains limited in the local context. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic massage on stool frequency and stool consistency in children with functional constipation. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted between May and December 2025 at the “Bomborduk” Pediatric Traditional Medicine Center. Sixty children diagnosed with functional constipation (ICD-10 K59.04) were randomly assigned to a therapeutic massage group (n=30) or an exercise therapy group (n=30). Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after one month using the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) and the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Result: The mean age of participants was 3.75±0.94 years, with no significant difference between groups. In the massage therapy group, CAS scores decreased from 8.23±2.39 to 3.17±2.36, while Bristol Stool scores improved from 1.33±0.48 to 3.00±0.87. Improvements were significantly greater in the massage group compared with the exercise therapy group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Therapeutic massage is a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention that significantly improves stool consistency and reduces constipation severity in children with functional constipation.

Background: Mongolian traditional bone-setting is a non-surgical treatment method for fractures; however, there is a lack of evidencebased research evaluating its effectiveness, which forms the basis of our study. Aim: To study the therapeutic efficacy of traditional bonesetting treatment for surgical neck fractures of the humerus. Materials and Methods: From June 2023 to June 2025, 120 patients diagnosed with surgical neck fractures of the humerus and treated at the Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital were randomly divided into a traditional bone-setting group (n=64) and a surgical treatment group (n=56). Shoulder and upper limb function were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment using the Constant–Murley score, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. Result: A total of 120 patients with surgical neck fractures of the humerus were divided into two groups, with no significant differences in the baseline characteristics (p>0.05).In the traditional bone-setting group, pain (VAS) decreased more rapidly at 1–3 months (p<0.01), while activities of daily living and functional outcomes improved significantly at 3–6 months (p<0.01). At 6 months, shoulder function (Constant–Murley score) was significantly improved (p=0.049).In contrast, the surgical group showed faster recovery in joint range of motion and muscle strength in the early stage; however, by 6 months, the outcomes between the two groups were comparable. Conclusion In the treatment of surgical neck fractures of the humerus, no significant difference was observed between traditional bone-setting and surgical treatment in terms of shoulder range of motion and muscle strength recovery. However, the advantages of traditional bone-setting lie in its ability to relieve pain more rapidly, promote faster functional recovery, improve activities of daily living, and achieve better long-term outcomes than modern bone-setting. Therefore, traditional bone setting is a safe and effective treatment method that aligns with modern theories of bone healing and rehabilitation principles and holds significant value for wider clinical application and further research in the management of surgical neck fractures of the humerus.

Background: In recent years, stroke has remained one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Globally, the incidence among adults ranges from 134.9 to 336.3 cases per 100,000 population annually, with mortality rates between 36.7 and 136.7 per 100,000. In Mongolian traditional medicine, stroke prevention is not only related to diet and lifestyle but also depends on an individual’s unique bodily constitution, age, strength, and life habits. Since people differ physiologically, the diseases arising from the four causative conditions manifest differently. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the relationship between an individual’s constitutional type and stroke risk factors, aiming to contribute to stroke prevention. Aim: To study the relationship between individual constitutional types in Mongolian traditional medicine and stroke risk factors, specifically hypertension and dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,086 participants were included from the Departments of Cardiology, Neurology, and Ultrasonography of the affiliated hospital of the Inner Mongolia National University. Data were collected through questionnaires, assessment of constitutional type, blood pressure measurement, and blood lipid analysis. Statistical processing was performed using SPSS 18.0 software. Chi-square (χ²), ANOVA tests, multivariate logistic regression, and correspondence analysis were used, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the participants, those with the “Khurmal” (Hormal) and “Badgan-Khi” (Phlegm-Wind) constitutions accounted for the highest proportions (34.3% and 26.7%, respectively), showing a statistically significant association with stroke risk factors (p<0.05). In terms of the relationship between constitution and blood pressure, individuals with the Badgan-Khi type had a higher risk, and a statistically significant association was found between blood pressure, risk classification, and the Badgan-Khi and Khormal types (p<0.05). Regarding constitution and blood lipid levels, the proportions in the stroke population were: indeterminate lipid ratio (58.3%), dyslipidemia (33.3%), and normal blood lipids (8.3%). A statistically significant relationship was observed between blood lipid levels, risk classification, and the Khi-Shar and Badgan-Khi constitutions (p<0.05). Conclusion Stroke risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia are associated with an individual’s body constitutional type. The study confirmed that individuals with a Khi-dominant constitution tend to have higher sympathetic nervous system activity, blood pressure, and vascular reactivity, providing a biological basis for increased stroke risk. For Badgan-dominant individuals, metabolic disturbances and lipid accumulation were identified as contributors to elevated stroke risk.

Background: The prevalence of neck pain among adults worldwide is 4.9-22.3%. It occurs in 34.7% of office workers in industrialized countries. Aim: To study the effect of massage therapy of Mongolian medicine on neck pain Materials and Methods: In this study, a parallel clinical trial design was used, and 50 patients with neck pain were divided into two groups: the treatment group received massage therapy of Mongolian medicine and the control group received exercise therapy, and the treatment results were compared. VAS assessment, NDI, Digital Algometer, and European Quality of Life Questionnaire were used in the study. Results: 52 % of the study participants were male, while 48 % were female, and their mean age was 43.3±21.3. The VAS score for pain assessment was 5.44±0.96 in the treatment group and 5.44±0.96 in the comparison group before treatment, but after the treatment it decreased to 0.80±0.71 in the treatment group and 1.44±0.77 in the comparison group, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference. Massage therapy of Mongolian medicine has a greater pain-relieving effect than exercise therapy in the treatment of neck pain (p<0.01). The pressure pain threshold was 934±154.60 in the treatment group and 934±154.60 in the comparison group before treatment, but after treatment, it increased to 1536±22.91 in the treatment group and 1392±83.77 in the comparison group, which was statistically significant (p<0.01). The neck disability index of patients with neck pain was 11.44±2.87 in the treatment group and 11.56±2.55 in the comparison group before treatment, but after treatment it decreased to 0.84±0.69 in the treatment group and 1.40±0.87 in the comparison group. Although exercise therapy has the effect of reducing the neck disability index, when comparing the treatment results of the two groups, massage therapy of Mongolian medicine had greater effect (p<0.05). European Quality of Life Questionnaire was 8.64±2.25 in the treatment group and 8.16±1.60 in the comparison group before treatment, but after treatment it was 5.28±0.54 in the treatment group and 7.44±1.23 in the comparison group. Massage therapy of Mongolian medicine has a greater effect on improving the quality of life of people with neck pain compared to exercise therapy (p<0.01). The neck forward bending was 36.60±2.45 in the treatment group and 37.24±2.35 in the comparison group before treatment, but after treatment, it increased to 42.32±2.14 in the treatment group and 39.32±2.14 in the comparison group, which was statistically significant (p0.01).The neck abduction was 36.20±1.89 in the treatment group and 36.56±2.24 in the comparison group before treatment, but after treatment, it increased to 42.80±2.06 in the treatment group and 39.76±1.88 in the comparison group, which was statistically significant (p=0.01).The neck left rotation was 60.84±3.77 in the treatment group and 61.56±4.31 in the comparison group before treatment, but after treatment, it increased to 75.08±3.55 in the treatment group and 67.20±4.29 in the comparison group, which was statistically significant (p0.01). The neck right rotation was 61.80±4.39 in the treatment group and 62.00±4.42 in the comparison group before treatment, but after treatment, it increased to 76.52±2.95 in the treatment group and 68.04±4.46 in the comparison group, which was statistically significant (p0.01).When comparing the treatment results of the two groups, Mongolian medical bariatric surgery was more effective (p<0.01). Conclusions 1. Massage therapy of Mongolian medicine reduces disability index in people with neck pain (p<0.05). 2. Massage therapy of Mongolian medicine has a significant effect on reducing pain and pressure pain threshold in people with neck pain (p<0.01). 3. Massage therapy of Mongolian medicine has the effect of improving the quality of life of people with neck pain (p<0.01).

Background: Herpes zoster (shingles) is an acute inflammatory skin disease caused by the reactivation of the Varicel la-zoster virus. International studies show that the disease severely reduces patients’ quality of life, and chronic pain negatively affects daily activities. In clinical practice, bloodletting pricking therapy has been effectively used for herpes zoster, with positive effects including reducing disease symptoms, alleviating skin inflammation, and promoting skin regeneration. Due to the limited research on treating herpes zoster with combined bloodletting pricking therapy and acupuncture, this clinical study was conducted. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of combining bloodletting pricking therapy with acupuncture in patients diagnosed with herpes zoster. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a non-randomized clinical trial design based at the Internation al School of Mongolian Medicine of MNUMS and the Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medicine Committee (IMIMC). The study included 70 patients diagnosed with herpes zoster (ICD 10-B02.9) who met the inclusion criteria. The treatment group received bloodletting pricking therapy combined with acupuncture. The control group received Acyclovir 800 mg 5 times daily for 7-10 days and Pregabalin 75 mg twice daily for 14 days. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated using the VAS linear scale for pain assessment, the SF-12 (Short Form-12 health survey) questionnaire for quality of life, and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) to measure sleep quality and evaluate insomnia. The treatment outcome was assessed according to the Mongolian Traditional Medicine Diagnostic and Treatment Standards. Results: The average age of participants was 47.29±11.11 in the treatment group and 44.43±11.63 in the control group, with 34% male and 66% female participants. According to the VAS linear scale, the treatment group showed a statistically significant greater reduction in pain (P<0.001). The quality-of-life assessment using the SF-12 questionnaire showed that the Physical Component Summary (SF-12-PCS) in the treatment group increased from 32.71±7.38 before treatment to 52.99±2.02 after treatment (t=-17.18, p<0.001), while in the control group, it increased from 36.10±7.41 to 51.56±7.9 (SF-12-3.9) (p<0.001). According to the AIS questionnaire, the sleep quality in the treatment group was significantly better than in the control group (P<0.05). According to the Mongolian Traditional Medicine Diagnostic and Treatment Standards, the combined treatment of pricking therapy and acupuncture resulted in a 100% recovery rate. Conclusion 1. The combination of bloodletting pricking therapy and acupuncture in treating herpes zoster effectively reduces pain. 2. For patients diagnosed with herpes zoster, combining bloodletting pricking therapy with acupuncture effectively improves quality of life in terms of sleep quality as well as physical and mental functioning.

Introduction The use of phytochemical preparations is being promoted an supported worldwide. In order to investigate and confirm the usage of phytochemical preparations that are widely used in the traditional medicine, there is an urgent need to complete a chemical, phytochemical and clinical study for those medicinal preparations. Goal To investigate the effects of “Antitoxic preparation” on the test animal with previously developed acute hepatotoxic infection by LPS. Materials and Methods A pathology model of the acute liver infection was developed on a total of 50 Vister rats, weighing between 200 and 250 gr. The test animals were categorized info five five further groups, e.g. healthy, control, comparison and administered with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of “Antitoxic preparation”. The preparation for each group was individually and orally administeredfor a period of ten days. On day 11, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups were administered 5 μg of LPS and 300 mg/kg of GaIN calculated in 2 ml of physiogial solution was injected in the abdomed of the test animal. After 8 hours, AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, level of MDA, cytokine levels such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 contained in the blood plasma of test animals were analysed. Results A comparison between measurement of “Antitoxic preparation” group and control group has indicated that the AST was 24.9-30.8%, ALT 23.8-27.6%, Poenzyme activation was reduced by 29.1-32.6%, of cholesterol by 13.2-19.9%, of tryglyceride 23.4-30.5%, MDA in plasma 8.8-20.9%, MDA in urine 11.3- 22.9%, also reduction of TNF-α in plasma by 17.5-27.3% and IL-1β17.7-19.8% respectively. Also, it was determined that the cytokines activating the acute liver infection (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10) were impacted after administering the preparation and infection process was suppressed. Conclusions: 1. The pathological model for chronic toxic liver infection developed on the test animal indicated that “Antitoxic preparation” had a reducing effect on cholesterol, tryglycerides, inhibitory effect on activation of fat oxidation, choleretic, antioxidant, reducing effect on ALT, AST activation, reducing the destruction of liver cells and followed by hepatoprotective action. 2. “Antitoxic preparation” was effective in impacting the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10) that activate the acute liver infection and also suppressing effect on infection process.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of ban xia-stomach granule on chronic superficial gastritis (spleen insufficiency and stomach heat syndrome). Methods: Total of 77 patients with chronic superficial gastritis was enrolled in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Ban xia-stomach granule was given to 58 patients for 6 weeks. Wei nai capsule was given to 19 patients as a comparison. Gastroscopy was performed to evaluate the effects of the medicines. Results: Full recovery of gastric tissue was observed in 17.2% of patients treated with ban xia. Partial recovery with tissue scar was detected in 31.0% of patients. 51.7% of patients treated with ban xia had improvements with reduction of complaints. 21.1% of patients treated with wei nai fully recovered from chronic superficial gastritis. 15.8% of patients had partial recovery with scar tissue. 57.9% patients received wei nai had improvements with reduction of complaints. Conclusion: Ban xia-stomach granule is safe, convenient, and effective agent for treatment of chronic superficial gastritis.